Therapists in Greenfield, MA

Photo of Jennifer Goselin, Counselor in Greenfield, MA
Jennifer Goselin
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301
Not accepting new clients
Reaching out for support is a powerful first step. It is so important to take time for yourself, to do things that soothe and empower you. I am here to listen, to learn about your goals, and to support you to access the tools to achieve them. I offer a safe and compassionate space to explore and grow.
Reaching out for support is a powerful first step. It is so important to take time for yourself, to do things that soothe and empower you. I am here to listen, to learn about your goals, and to support you to access the tools to achieve them. I offer a safe and compassionate space to explore and grow.
(413) 216-4811 View (413) 216-4811
Photo of Marek Tresnak, Counselor in Greenfield, MA
Marek Tresnak
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301
Hello and thanks for your interest in my services. I help people to reconnect with the life they would like to live. With the tools of mindfulness and cognitive therapy we work on gaining freedom from intrusive emotions and beliefs that don't serve them. Through getting in touch with their emotions and releasing them, they can find a fresh creative energy within. Most of my clients seek help with anxiety, excessive worries, depression, trauma, addiction or just a difficult relationship situation. I enjoy connecting with my clients and emphasize the power of a strong therapeutic relationship.
Hello and thanks for your interest in my services. I help people to reconnect with the life they would like to live. With the tools of mindfulness and cognitive therapy we work on gaining freedom from intrusive emotions and beliefs that don't serve them. Through getting in touch with their emotions and releasing them, they can find a fresh creative energy within. Most of my clients seek help with anxiety, excessive worries, depression, trauma, addiction or just a difficult relationship situation. I enjoy connecting with my clients and emphasize the power of a strong therapeutic relationship.
(413) 650-1530 View (413) 650-1530
Photo of Louisa Khettab, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Greenfield, MA
Louisa Khettab
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301  (Online Only)
Alice Miller writes, "In order to become whole we must try, in a long process, to discover our own personal truth, a truth that may cause pain before giving us a new sphere of freedom." The odyssey toward a personal sense of wholeness is perhaps a forever condition; and along this journey are inevitable peaks and valleys. Psychotherapy and the relationship established there can be a useful tool in this pilgrimage toward greater insight, compassion for self, and an increased sense of wellness. I believe that each person's path is unique, and I tailor my therapeutic methods to meet the specific needs and goals of my clients.
Alice Miller writes, "In order to become whole we must try, in a long process, to discover our own personal truth, a truth that may cause pain before giving us a new sphere of freedom." The odyssey toward a personal sense of wholeness is perhaps a forever condition; and along this journey are inevitable peaks and valleys. Psychotherapy and the relationship established there can be a useful tool in this pilgrimage toward greater insight, compassion for self, and an increased sense of wellness. I believe that each person's path is unique, and I tailor my therapeutic methods to meet the specific needs and goals of my clients.
(413) 414-4369 View (413) 414-4369
Photo of Keri Harshbarger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Greenfield, MA
Keri Harshbarger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301
Therapy is a safe space to share your unique story, have your feelings validated, and receive support without judgment. Whether you are trying to manage feelings of sadness, are worried about the future, or experiencing conflict at home or work, I'm confident that we can work together to help you feel better, improve your relationships, and start enjoying your life in the way that you deserve.
Therapy is a safe space to share your unique story, have your feelings validated, and receive support without judgment. Whether you are trying to manage feelings of sadness, are worried about the future, or experiencing conflict at home or work, I'm confident that we can work together to help you feel better, improve your relationships, and start enjoying your life in the way that you deserve.
(413) 414-4538 View (413) 414-4538
Photo of Rafe Halsey, Marriage & Family Therapist in Greenfield, MA
Rafe Halsey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
Waitlist for new clients
Are you someone that's looking to make changes in your life, to move through a difficult transition, to heal or to grow? Are you looking to increase your ability to connect to others or yourself? Do you need support in the process? Are you looking to shift your feelings and thoughts about a situation, a relationship, your family, substances, vices or your self?
Are you someone that's looking to make changes in your life, to move through a difficult transition, to heal or to grow? Are you looking to increase your ability to connect to others or yourself? Do you need support in the process? Are you looking to shift your feelings and thoughts about a situation, a relationship, your family, substances, vices or your self?
(413) 331-7842 View (413) 331-7842
Photo of Kat Freeman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Greenfield, MA
Kat Freeman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist, I ground my work in a deep curiosity and support people to unpack the old stories about ourselves which are often rooted in family systems and systemic oppression. I specialize in working with young adults around issues of emerging identity, anxiety, depression and other symptoms related to the challenges of living in these difficult and rapidly changing times. I ground my work relationally in creating a warm, safe and supportive environment where people feel invited to bring what is most alive to them to session. I incorporate elements of narrative therapy, self exploration, mindfulness, psychoeducation, and DBT.
As a therapist, I ground my work in a deep curiosity and support people to unpack the old stories about ourselves which are often rooted in family systems and systemic oppression. I specialize in working with young adults around issues of emerging identity, anxiety, depression and other symptoms related to the challenges of living in these difficult and rapidly changing times. I ground my work relationally in creating a warm, safe and supportive environment where people feel invited to bring what is most alive to them to session. I incorporate elements of narrative therapy, self exploration, mindfulness, psychoeducation, and DBT.
(413) 287-8248 View (413) 287-8248
Photo of Hunter G. Swanson, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Greenfield, MA
Hunter G. Swanson, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301
Not accepting new clients
I believe that the journey toward becoming authentically oneself is among the most important work we do. My practice focuses on creating space in which transformation is possible and old patterns can shift into something that allows for growth and possibility. Putting language to complex internal experiences, forging connections, and examining clearly and without shame or judgment the places where stuckness happens are often crucial parts of this process. I work with clients to explore all aspects of identity, focusing on gender and identity development but also intersections of experiences of anxiety, depression, trauma, and dysregulation of mood.
I believe that the journey toward becoming authentically oneself is among the most important work we do. My practice focuses on creating space in which transformation is possible and old patterns can shift into something that allows for growth and possibility. Putting language to complex internal experiences, forging connections, and examining clearly and without shame or judgment the places where stuckness happens are often crucial parts of this process. I work with clients to explore all aspects of identity, focusing on gender and identity development but also intersections of experiences of anxiety, depression, trauma, and dysregulation of mood.
(413) 728-5652 View (413) 728-5652
Photo of Marcia Webster, Counselor in Greenfield, MA
Marcia Webster
Counselor, LMHC, SEP, CPS
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
At "Circle Forward" I welcome adults from diverse backgrounds, cultures, experiences, identities & belief systems. I am skilled at supporting people who have been overwhelmed and struggle with "trauma" - unresolved, survival responses (fight, flight, appease & shut down). These natural defensives are essential for dealing with threat. Protective impulses from the past can get stuck & intrude on relationships and on physical, emotional & spiritual rhythms of day-to-day life. I support you to feel safe & allow incomplete survival responses to move slowly & integrate fully. I work online and in Greenfield, MA.
At "Circle Forward" I welcome adults from diverse backgrounds, cultures, experiences, identities & belief systems. I am skilled at supporting people who have been overwhelmed and struggle with "trauma" - unresolved, survival responses (fight, flight, appease & shut down). These natural defensives are essential for dealing with threat. Protective impulses from the past can get stuck & intrude on relationships and on physical, emotional & spiritual rhythms of day-to-day life. I support you to feel safe & allow incomplete survival responses to move slowly & integrate fully. I work online and in Greenfield, MA.
(413) 240-3535 View (413) 240-3535
Photo of Taffy Ruggeri, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Greenfield, MA
Taffy Ruggeri
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301  (Online Only)
Engaging in therapy is a step towards clarity, change, and healing, and I respect the courage and motivation required to participate in such self-reflection. I help empower older adolescents and adults to make the changes they want in their lives, move through transitions, manage difficult times, or simply utilize therapy as self-care.
Engaging in therapy is a step towards clarity, change, and healing, and I respect the courage and motivation required to participate in such self-reflection. I help empower older adolescents and adults to make the changes they want in their lives, move through transitions, manage difficult times, or simply utilize therapy as self-care.
(413) 259-4396 View (413) 259-4396
Photo of Nick Boutros, Counselor in Greenfield, MA
Nick Boutros
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! I work with people who feel disconnected and who need help re-finding to what makes them feel alive. My specific areas of specialty are: (1) those experienced with meditation wanting a meditation-knowledgeable therapist, especially vajrayana practitioners. (2) LGBTQI individuals who specifically want a male-identified therapist, and (3) individuals struggling with fear or anxiety around death.
Hi! I work with people who feel disconnected and who need help re-finding to what makes them feel alive. My specific areas of specialty are: (1) those experienced with meditation wanting a meditation-knowledgeable therapist, especially vajrayana practitioners. (2) LGBTQI individuals who specifically want a male-identified therapist, and (3) individuals struggling with fear or anxiety around death.
(413) 650-6894 View (413) 650-6894
Photo of Tricia Wells, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Greenfield, MA
Tricia Wells
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
I have been working in the Pioneer Valley for over twenty five years, helping people find more effective ways to manage life changes and stresses. I am committed to appreciating the complexity and uniqueness of the problems people have in their lives. I will listen carefully, respectfully and authentically. We will work together to help you overcome obstacles, distressful behaviors and painful symptoms. I believe that positive change happens in people's lives through empathy, radical acceptance and leaps of faith. My practice includes work with individual adults and couples.
I have been working in the Pioneer Valley for over twenty five years, helping people find more effective ways to manage life changes and stresses. I am committed to appreciating the complexity and uniqueness of the problems people have in their lives. I will listen carefully, respectfully and authentically. We will work together to help you overcome obstacles, distressful behaviors and painful symptoms. I believe that positive change happens in people's lives through empathy, radical acceptance and leaps of faith. My practice includes work with individual adults and couples.
(413) 889-1923 View (413) 889-1923
Photo of Harlen Blackstone, Counselor in Greenfield, MA
Harlen Blackstone
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy produces its own unique ecosystem. In the right collaboration, essential growth-oriented risks can be taken, which often results in sustainable transformation. Various tools we develop to emotionally survive our experiences in formative years can become automatic interpersonal response systems we operate from long after they serve us. This can impact the relationship we have with self and others. I strive to bring the utmost compassion and insight into the room while we work together to figure out how one's way of being in the world can become more aligned with concerns of the present circumstance.
Therapy produces its own unique ecosystem. In the right collaboration, essential growth-oriented risks can be taken, which often results in sustainable transformation. Various tools we develop to emotionally survive our experiences in formative years can become automatic interpersonal response systems we operate from long after they serve us. This can impact the relationship we have with self and others. I strive to bring the utmost compassion and insight into the room while we work together to figure out how one's way of being in the world can become more aligned with concerns of the present circumstance.
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Photo of Jenny Underdown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Greenfield, MA
Jenny Underdown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, She/Her, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
I treat clients with respect and offer the support of an unconditional and positive therapeutic relationship. I especially enjoy working with individuals who are healing from the effects of complex and challenging life events (i.e. traumas).
I treat clients with respect and offer the support of an unconditional and positive therapeutic relationship. I especially enjoy working with individuals who are healing from the effects of complex and challenging life events (i.e. traumas).
(413) 210-4359 View (413) 210-4359
Photo of Marissa Singer, Art Therapist in Greenfield, MA
Marissa Singer
Art Therapist, MA, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301
There is no such thing as "bad art" or "bad artists" in art therapy. You are also not too old or too (fill in the blank) to give it a try. Art therapy is highly adaptable and accesses both sides of your brain. The act of creating and altering images, in your own unique way can help to externalize, reorganize and regulate your emotional narrative in a way that words alone may not. I primarily specialize in working with teens and older adults who have emotional dysregulation, disability (cognitive and/or physical), are neurodiverse (ADHD/ASD/HSP), LGBTQIA2S+, PTSD, CPTSD. BUT you do not need a diagnosis to utilize art therapy.
There is no such thing as "bad art" or "bad artists" in art therapy. You are also not too old or too (fill in the blank) to give it a try. Art therapy is highly adaptable and accesses both sides of your brain. The act of creating and altering images, in your own unique way can help to externalize, reorganize and regulate your emotional narrative in a way that words alone may not. I primarily specialize in working with teens and older adults who have emotional dysregulation, disability (cognitive and/or physical), are neurodiverse (ADHD/ASD/HSP), LGBTQIA2S+, PTSD, CPTSD. BUT you do not need a diagnosis to utilize art therapy.
(413) 359-8010 View (413) 359-8010
Photo of Lo Fitzgibbons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Greenfield, MA
Lo Fitzgibbons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, MEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301
Not accepting new clients
While facing life transitions, coping with loss, exploring the past, preparing for the future, or navigating a host of mental, emotional, and physical human experiences, my clients seek therapy to safely establish healthy patterns, thoughts, and change. Clients tell me our work creates a healing relationship that fosters long term change as well as resolve of past traumas and conflicts "instead of a band-aid approach." We'll collaborate and create a tailored approach to meet your needs. I am welcoming to communities of color. You will receive empowering, holistic psychotherapy whether trans/cis, queer, heterosexual, or LGBTQI2PA.
While facing life transitions, coping with loss, exploring the past, preparing for the future, or navigating a host of mental, emotional, and physical human experiences, my clients seek therapy to safely establish healthy patterns, thoughts, and change. Clients tell me our work creates a healing relationship that fosters long term change as well as resolve of past traumas and conflicts "instead of a band-aid approach." We'll collaborate and create a tailored approach to meet your needs. I am welcoming to communities of color. You will receive empowering, holistic psychotherapy whether trans/cis, queer, heterosexual, or LGBTQI2PA.
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Photo of Serena Torrey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Greenfield, MA
Serena Torrey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
Welcome! I currently have space in my online Internal Family Systems (IFS) Practice Groups, and some openings for couples. I approach couples and group work with the intention of exploring each person's complexity and internal conflict. IFS lets us view conflicting parts with open-hearted curiosity. The groups offer hands-on IFS activities to strengthen your relationship with all parts of you. To learn more please contact me via the email link. I currently only see new individual clients who have completed an IFS group.
Welcome! I currently have space in my online Internal Family Systems (IFS) Practice Groups, and some openings for couples. I approach couples and group work with the intention of exploring each person's complexity and internal conflict. IFS lets us view conflicting parts with open-hearted curiosity. The groups offer hands-on IFS activities to strengthen your relationship with all parts of you. To learn more please contact me via the email link. I currently only see new individual clients who have completed an IFS group.
(413) 314-2546 View (413) 314-2546
Photo of Elan Moses, Counselor in Greenfield, MA
Elan Moses
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
I offer my clients strategies for growth and change that align with their values and goals. My Holistic and Integrative psychotherapy and Life Coaching is Strength Based and Solution Focused. I am committed to forming a collaboration designed to help you find your own unique path to Wellness, Fulfillment and Happiness. I am also committed to making Therapy and Life Coaching accessible financially, especially to those with no Health Insurance, or if you have concerns about privacy and insurance. I have experience working across the lifespan and with couples. Adolescents and young adults find me particularly easy to talk with.
I offer my clients strategies for growth and change that align with their values and goals. My Holistic and Integrative psychotherapy and Life Coaching is Strength Based and Solution Focused. I am committed to forming a collaboration designed to help you find your own unique path to Wellness, Fulfillment and Happiness. I am also committed to making Therapy and Life Coaching accessible financially, especially to those with no Health Insurance, or if you have concerns about privacy and insurance. I have experience working across the lifespan and with couples. Adolescents and young adults find me particularly easy to talk with.
(413) 376-7268 View (413) 376-7268
Photo of J. Michael Rowan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Greenfield, MA
J. Michael Rowan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301  (Online Only)
I am an experienced family therapist who has worked with children, adolescents, adults, and families in a variety of settings. I see self-pay clients and Blue Cross Blue Shield. I am often the first person to see a young child when emotional and behavioral difficulties emerge in pre-school or Kindergarten. I can help figure out what's going on diagnostically and we can develop a treatment plan together. I have successfully helped children and adults with ADHD, PTSD, Anxiety, and Mood Disorders like Depression and Bipolar Disorder.
I am an experienced family therapist who has worked with children, adolescents, adults, and families in a variety of settings. I see self-pay clients and Blue Cross Blue Shield. I am often the first person to see a young child when emotional and behavioral difficulties emerge in pre-school or Kindergarten. I can help figure out what's going on diagnostically and we can develop a treatment plan together. I have successfully helped children and adults with ADHD, PTSD, Anxiety, and Mood Disorders like Depression and Bipolar Disorder.
(413) 353-1064 View (413) 353-1064
Photo of Elissa Burdick in Greenfield, MA
Elissa Burdick
MA, NBC-HWC
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301  (Online Only)
I get it. You're feeling stuck and don't know how to get out of this rut you've been in for who-knows-how-long. You've spent countless hours reading self-help books but just can't piece it all together to live a life you love. You WANT a self-care routine you love, to be kinder to yourself, to trust your decisions, and to have deeply connected relationships that lift you up. I'm here to tell you it's 100% possible to break free from tiresome autopilot mode and create the life you've always wanted for yourself! I know because I've made this happen both for myself AND for hundreds of clients just like you, locally and worldwide.
I get it. You're feeling stuck and don't know how to get out of this rut you've been in for who-knows-how-long. You've spent countless hours reading self-help books but just can't piece it all together to live a life you love. You WANT a self-care routine you love, to be kinder to yourself, to trust your decisions, and to have deeply connected relationships that lift you up. I'm here to tell you it's 100% possible to break free from tiresome autopilot mode and create the life you've always wanted for yourself! I know because I've made this happen both for myself AND for hundreds of clients just like you, locally and worldwide.
(617) 544-7280 View (617) 544-7280
Photo of Rebecca Kern, Counselor in Greenfield, MA
Rebecca Kern
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301  (Online Only)
In sessions, I work to create a space for clients that allows for exploration and discovery of themselves and their internal/external worlds. By approaching the journey of healing and transformation through deep listening and curiosity, I help bring about clarity without shame or judgment where there are blocks or stuckness. I work with adults, college students and children. When working with children, I lean into play and art/expressive therapies that help the child access their emotional worlds.
In sessions, I work to create a space for clients that allows for exploration and discovery of themselves and their internal/external worlds. By approaching the journey of healing and transformation through deep listening and curiosity, I help bring about clarity without shame or judgment where there are blocks or stuckness. I work with adults, college students and children. When working with children, I lean into play and art/expressive therapies that help the child access their emotional worlds.
(413) 300-6059 View (413) 300-6059

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Greenfield, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$137

Therapists in Greenfield, MA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
66% Grief
62% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
46% Optum

How Therapists in Greenfield, MA see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

65% Female
30% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Greenfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.