Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Tyler Schlicht, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Tyler Schlicht
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in the state of Massachusetts who has experience partnering with adolescents, young adults, adults, and senior citizens seeking help with depression, anxiety, grief & loss, trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, and life transitions. I completed my Bachelor of Science in Psychology at St. Thomas Aquinas College and my Master of Social Work at New York University.
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in the state of Massachusetts who has experience partnering with adolescents, young adults, adults, and senior citizens seeking help with depression, anxiety, grief & loss, trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, and life transitions. I completed my Bachelor of Science in Psychology at St. Thomas Aquinas College and my Master of Social Work at New York University.
(508) 812-9407 View (508) 812-9407
Photo of Frank Ehrenthal, Counselor in Boston, MA
Frank Ehrenthal
Counselor, MEd, CAGS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
**** CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS **** I have had over 20 years of experience providing psychotherapeutic services to individuals, couples and families in community mental health and private practice settings. I try to create a collaborative environment conducive to self exploration and growth. I see adults and adolescents and utilize psychodynamic and behavioral approaches. I help people struggling with a wide variety of issues including: depression, anxiety, anger management, school adjustment, grief and loss, and relationship issues. Call or email me to schedule an appointment.
**** CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS **** I have had over 20 years of experience providing psychotherapeutic services to individuals, couples and families in community mental health and private practice settings. I try to create a collaborative environment conducive to self exploration and growth. I see adults and adolescents and utilize psychodynamic and behavioral approaches. I help people struggling with a wide variety of issues including: depression, anxiety, anger management, school adjustment, grief and loss, and relationship issues. Call or email me to schedule an appointment.
(617) 307-4914 View (617) 307-4914
Photo of Giselle Bonilla, Counselor in Boston, MA
Giselle Bonilla
Counselor, MA, LMHC, EAT
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02136  (Online Only)
I know that I was put on this earth to support, and help others in their healing journey in regard to unprocessed trauma, and learning healthy life and coping skills. I will support you in how to apply these in your day to day life and/or process and heal from any unprocessed trauma. We often hold a lot of unprocessed trauma in our bodies without realizing how much of an impact it has in our interaction with our environments, and relationships. I am here to support you in improving your own self-awareness of yourself, and checking in with your mind, body, and emotions.
I know that I was put on this earth to support, and help others in their healing journey in regard to unprocessed trauma, and learning healthy life and coping skills. I will support you in how to apply these in your day to day life and/or process and heal from any unprocessed trauma. We often hold a lot of unprocessed trauma in our bodies without realizing how much of an impact it has in our interaction with our environments, and relationships. I am here to support you in improving your own self-awareness of yourself, and checking in with your mind, body, and emotions.
(617) 665-7829 View (617) 665-7829
Photo of Comfort Counseling Center, Counselor in Boston, MA
Comfort Counseling Center
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Are you a black Christian professional tired of feeling stuck and overwhelmed? Do you feel like you're running, but not moving? Do you feel drained by the heaviness of depression and stress? Life has been so hard lately. You're up at night tossing and turning wondering, when will things get better. The toll of being a professional and showing up for yourself and your loved ones is unbearable. Your ability to love, work, and play has declined. You want to ensure you can thrive in corporate America, but it's taking a toll on your health. Our clients struggle like you do. We get it.
Are you a black Christian professional tired of feeling stuck and overwhelmed? Do you feel like you're running, but not moving? Do you feel drained by the heaviness of depression and stress? Life has been so hard lately. You're up at night tossing and turning wondering, when will things get better. The toll of being a professional and showing up for yourself and your loved ones is unbearable. Your ability to love, work, and play has declined. You want to ensure you can thrive in corporate America, but it's taking a toll on your health. Our clients struggle like you do. We get it.
(781) 394-9746 View (781) 394-9746
Photo of Shannon M Fitzgerald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Shannon M Fitzgerald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
Waitlist for new clients
There are times in our lives when we end up feeling sad, angry, anxious, or lost. Sometimes, we find ourselves in unwanted patterns that lead to self-doubt, damaged relationships, failure to reach our potential and an inability to see our worth. Therapy can help people recognize these patterns and learn new ways to cope.
There are times in our lives when we end up feeling sad, angry, anxious, or lost. Sometimes, we find ourselves in unwanted patterns that lead to self-doubt, damaged relationships, failure to reach our potential and an inability to see our worth. Therapy can help people recognize these patterns and learn new ways to cope.
(857) 370-6896 View (857) 370-6896
Aneesah Dambreville
Counselor, LMHC, RDT
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02122  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Mental Health Clinician, and a Registered Drama Therapist. I received a Bachelor of Arts in Theater Arts from Union College and a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Lesley University. I provide both individual and group therapy to children and adults of all ages and abilities. I have worked in public and residential schools, psychiatric hospitals, specialized clinics, and family services. If you are coping with anxiety, stress, depression, or perhaps having difficulties managing some major life changes, or looking to increase your self- esteem then together we can create the wellness you desire
I am a Licensed Mental Health Clinician, and a Registered Drama Therapist. I received a Bachelor of Arts in Theater Arts from Union College and a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Lesley University. I provide both individual and group therapy to children and adults of all ages and abilities. I have worked in public and residential schools, psychiatric hospitals, specialized clinics, and family services. If you are coping with anxiety, stress, depression, or perhaps having difficulties managing some major life changes, or looking to increase your self- esteem then together we can create the wellness you desire
(617) 655-8747 View (617) 655-8747
Photo of A. Kiera Fredericksen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
A. Kiera Fredericksen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Everyone’s path to healing is different. With over a decade of experience as a therapist, I am dedicated to supporting individuals on their unique journeys of healing and growth. I understand that every person’s path is different, and I’m here to meet you exactly where you are. My therapeutic approach is warm and interactive, rooted in mindfulness and compassion, while integrating evidence-based therapies tailored to your needs. Drawing from my experiences working with individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, addiction, trauma, and relationship issues, I will help you navigate through life’s challenges and beauty.
Everyone’s path to healing is different. With over a decade of experience as a therapist, I am dedicated to supporting individuals on their unique journeys of healing and growth. I understand that every person’s path is different, and I’m here to meet you exactly where you are. My therapeutic approach is warm and interactive, rooted in mindfulness and compassion, while integrating evidence-based therapies tailored to your needs. Drawing from my experiences working with individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, addiction, trauma, and relationship issues, I will help you navigate through life’s challenges and beauty.
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Photo of Peter Korn, Counselor in Boston, MA
Peter Korn
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02110
I recognize and have a deep respect for the positive impact counseling can have on one's life. Having an impartial third party provide support and help one cope with any number of life's challenges can be invaluable. I believe the best therapists listen without judging and never dismiss or minimize rational or irrational fears as issues that adults "shouldn't" worry about. I practice an eclectic mix of theoretical approaches to empathically help individuals develop personal strengths and improve their self-awareness. My approach is collaborative, supportive, practical, and focuses on personal effectiveness.
I recognize and have a deep respect for the positive impact counseling can have on one's life. Having an impartial third party provide support and help one cope with any number of life's challenges can be invaluable. I believe the best therapists listen without judging and never dismiss or minimize rational or irrational fears as issues that adults "shouldn't" worry about. I practice an eclectic mix of theoretical approaches to empathically help individuals develop personal strengths and improve their self-awareness. My approach is collaborative, supportive, practical, and focuses on personal effectiveness.
(617) 553-9061 View (617) 553-9061
Photo of Krystin M. St Onge, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Krystin M. St Onge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy represents a deeply personal journey, often intertwined with intricate and conflicting emotions. Central to its effectiveness is the establishment of a safe, respectful, and supportive therapeutic environment, laying the groundwork for self-awareness and growth. My practice is dedicated to facilitating this process, guiding individuals towards enriching their interpersonal relationships and fostering personal development. With a foundation rooted in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theories, supplemented by a commitment to harm reduction principles, I tailor my approach to meet the unique needs of each individual.
Psychotherapy represents a deeply personal journey, often intertwined with intricate and conflicting emotions. Central to its effectiveness is the establishment of a safe, respectful, and supportive therapeutic environment, laying the groundwork for self-awareness and growth. My practice is dedicated to facilitating this process, guiding individuals towards enriching their interpersonal relationships and fostering personal development. With a foundation rooted in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theories, supplemented by a commitment to harm reduction principles, I tailor my approach to meet the unique needs of each individual.
(774) 241-9574 View (774) 241-9574
Photo of Christina Deang, Counselor in Boston, MA
Christina Deang
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109
Christina Chen is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with 4 years experience in the mental health field, and 2 years in a college setting. She is passionate about assisting and supporting young to older adults in their experiences and challenges, with empathy and a hollistic view. Christina specializes in anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma.
Christina Chen is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with 4 years experience in the mental health field, and 2 years in a college setting. She is passionate about assisting and supporting young to older adults in their experiences and challenges, with empathy and a hollistic view. Christina specializes in anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma.
(857) 466-1014 View (857) 466-1014
Photo of Tiffany Armstrong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Tiffany Armstrong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
I have a special interest in working with transitional age youth and young adults (18-25 year old) navigating life transitions such as college, graduate school, career stress, sexuality and gender identity/expression, parenting, relationships, substance use and disordered eating. I specialize in women’s health issues, including pregnancy, postpartum, adoption and parenting. I have extensive experience working in community health with children and adults with complex medical needs, teen parents, and pregnant and postpartum individuals with substance use disorders.
I have a special interest in working with transitional age youth and young adults (18-25 year old) navigating life transitions such as college, graduate school, career stress, sexuality and gender identity/expression, parenting, relationships, substance use and disordered eating. I specialize in women’s health issues, including pregnancy, postpartum, adoption and parenting. I have extensive experience working in community health with children and adults with complex medical needs, teen parents, and pregnant and postpartum individuals with substance use disorders.
(857) 567-0470 View (857) 567-0470
Photo of Virginia Rockhill, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Virginia Rockhill
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
I believe that we all need to have a sense of purpose or meaningfulness in our lives, something that our thoughts, emotions and life experiences contribute to the "heart" of our personalities. The process of healing from the challenges of life begins with a search for truth about our beliefs, habits and relationships. Physical health is affected by our mental health through the complex interactions between the brain and bodily functions.
I believe that we all need to have a sense of purpose or meaningfulness in our lives, something that our thoughts, emotions and life experiences contribute to the "heart" of our personalities. The process of healing from the challenges of life begins with a search for truth about our beliefs, habits and relationships. Physical health is affected by our mental health through the complex interactions between the brain and bodily functions.
(617) 500-4436 View (617) 500-4436
Photo of Marie Berthonia Antoine, Counselor in Boston, MA
Marie Berthonia Antoine
Counselor, MS, LMHC, Psy D
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02126  (Online Only)
Berthonia Antoine, LMHC, Psy. D. offers collaborative and holistic therapy with over 20 years of experience. Holding a master’s degree in Marriage & Family Therapy, she empowers clients to enrich their lives and develop problem-solving skills. Berthonia Antoine believes in a holistic approach, addressing body, mind, and spirit. Specializing in depression, anxiety, PTSD, and adjustment disorders, she provides sensitive, strength-based services for clients of all ages and backgrounds. As your therapist, she will work to understand your goals and help you overcome barriers to achieve them, accompanying you on your therapeutic journey.
Berthonia Antoine, LMHC, Psy. D. offers collaborative and holistic therapy with over 20 years of experience. Holding a master’s degree in Marriage & Family Therapy, she empowers clients to enrich their lives and develop problem-solving skills. Berthonia Antoine believes in a holistic approach, addressing body, mind, and spirit. Specializing in depression, anxiety, PTSD, and adjustment disorders, she provides sensitive, strength-based services for clients of all ages and backgrounds. As your therapist, she will work to understand your goals and help you overcome barriers to achieve them, accompanying you on your therapeutic journey.
(617) 214-1104 View (617) 214-1104
Photo of Emily S Frank, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Emily S Frank
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02132
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, I take a collaborative approach with patients to relieve distress, improve well-being, and develop new insights. Together, we will identify patterns in living that you want to change, and discover how prior experiences have shaped your emotional life, relationships, and behavior, perhaps in ways that are outside of your awareness. I treat patients who experience anxiety, depression, difficulties in relationships, challenges related to work and career, and stress that is related to life transitions. I work with adults of all ages, and I have special expertise in working with parents of children with disabilities.
As a therapist, I take a collaborative approach with patients to relieve distress, improve well-being, and develop new insights. Together, we will identify patterns in living that you want to change, and discover how prior experiences have shaped your emotional life, relationships, and behavior, perhaps in ways that are outside of your awareness. I treat patients who experience anxiety, depression, difficulties in relationships, challenges related to work and career, and stress that is related to life transitions. I work with adults of all ages, and I have special expertise in working with parents of children with disabilities.
(781) 483-0253 View (781) 483-0253
Photo of Kara W. Brown, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Kara W. Brown
Psychologist, EdD, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02215
Waitlist for new clients
I view psychotherapy as a tool for self-development, self-exploration, greater connectedness, and the opportunitiy to feel deeply understood by a caring professional. I also see the therapeutic process as a collaborative one that helps clients gain greater insight, improve self-esteem, and a sense of well being while making real life-long changes.
I view psychotherapy as a tool for self-development, self-exploration, greater connectedness, and the opportunitiy to feel deeply understood by a caring professional. I also see the therapeutic process as a collaborative one that helps clients gain greater insight, improve self-esteem, and a sense of well being while making real life-long changes.
(617) 500-1935 View (617) 500-1935
Photo of Chloe Frankel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Chloe Frankel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy is a space for you - your thoughts, feelings, hopes, and discoveries. I believe therapy can serve as a holding place for grief, sorrow and righteous anger, as well as a catalyst for intentional changes and new ways of relating to and acting in the world. My style is compassionate, curious, and calm, and my approach includes active listening and reflection, objectivity and accountability, offering new perspectives, and regularly re-visiting and clarifying your wishes and hopes for our work together and for yourself and your life.
Therapy is a space for you - your thoughts, feelings, hopes, and discoveries. I believe therapy can serve as a holding place for grief, sorrow and righteous anger, as well as a catalyst for intentional changes and new ways of relating to and acting in the world. My style is compassionate, curious, and calm, and my approach includes active listening and reflection, objectivity and accountability, offering new perspectives, and regularly re-visiting and clarifying your wishes and hopes for our work together and for yourself and your life.
(617) 410-6809 View (617) 410-6809
Photo of Laura Fasciano, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Laura Fasciano
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02210
Everyone deserves to live a life filled with pleasure, purpose, & meaning. Sometimes, we struggle with the inevitable difficulties of life & feel anxious, down, or stuck. I enjoy helping clients engage in self-exploration so they can stop struggling and start living the life they want to live. My specialties include mood and anxiety disorders, relationship issues, and difficult life transitions. I particularly enjoy working with college students and young adults.
Everyone deserves to live a life filled with pleasure, purpose, & meaning. Sometimes, we struggle with the inevitable difficulties of life & feel anxious, down, or stuck. I enjoy helping clients engage in self-exploration so they can stop struggling and start living the life they want to live. My specialties include mood and anxiety disorders, relationship issues, and difficult life transitions. I particularly enjoy working with college students and young adults.
(617) 648-7382 View (617) 648-7382
Photo of Jenny A Reed, Counselor in Boston, MA
Jenny A Reed
Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02132  (Online Only)
I work with clients who have various life challenges from struggling with depression and anxiety to chronic mental illness. They seek an emotional outlet to express and process troubling emotions. I collaborate with clients to develop healthy coping skills, manage triggers, and improve their mood. Clients are able to embrace their authentic self and become the best version of themself.
I work with clients who have various life challenges from struggling with depression and anxiety to chronic mental illness. They seek an emotional outlet to express and process troubling emotions. I collaborate with clients to develop healthy coping skills, manage triggers, and improve their mood. Clients are able to embrace their authentic self and become the best version of themself.
(857) 267-3824 View (857) 267-3824
Photo of Barbara Okeny, Counselor in Boston, MA
Barbara Okeny
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199
Now Accepting New Clients! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, board-certified Art Therapist, and Psychotherapist at And Still We Rise, LLC. I received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree and Master of Arts degree from Lesley University and am a Clinical Psychology doctoral student with a focus on intergenerational and systemic trauma. My clinical work includes serving immigrants and refugees from African and Caribbean nations.
Now Accepting New Clients! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, board-certified Art Therapist, and Psychotherapist at And Still We Rise, LLC. I received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree and Master of Arts degree from Lesley University and am a Clinical Psychology doctoral student with a focus on intergenerational and systemic trauma. My clinical work includes serving immigrants and refugees from African and Caribbean nations.
(617) 762-5649 View (617) 762-5649
Photo of Willeen Capehart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Willeen Capehart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Willeen Capehart brings over 11 years of unwavering dedication to the mental health landscape. In addition to being a Certified Trauma Specialist, Willeen also specializes in providing compassionate support to adults and adolescents navigating depression, grief, anxiety, and PTSD. Willeen also specializes in working with athletes to improve mental capacity and sports performance. Willeen is trained to utilize various therapeutic frameworks including, Level 1 Gottman Method for couples therapy, Emotional Focused Therapy for couples and individuals, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and more. ​
Willeen Capehart brings over 11 years of unwavering dedication to the mental health landscape. In addition to being a Certified Trauma Specialist, Willeen also specializes in providing compassionate support to adults and adolescents navigating depression, grief, anxiety, and PTSD. Willeen also specializes in working with athletes to improve mental capacity and sports performance. Willeen is trained to utilize various therapeutic frameworks including, Level 1 Gottman Method for couples therapy, Emotional Focused Therapy for couples and individuals, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and more. ​
(508) 501-7064 View (508) 501-7064

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$159

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
59% Aetna

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.