Therapists in Louisville, KY

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Photo of Discovery 502 Counseling , Counselor in Louisville, KY
Discovery 502 Counseling
Counselor, MA, LPCA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40203  (Online Only)
Do you seek guidance with anxiety, fears, depression, relationships, parenting, child, family counseling, or couples/marriage therapy? It takes courage to ask for help, admitting you can’t do everything alone is the first step toward achieving wellness, in a fast-paced, demanding world. As an experienced licensed professional counselor of 15+ years, I am honored to assist you in exploring your core issues and moving toward a healthy, fulfilling life. You are not alone. I can help you by supporting you! I have a diverse background in many different areas of counseling. Contact information: discovery502counseling.com (Private Pay)
Do you seek guidance with anxiety, fears, depression, relationships, parenting, child, family counseling, or couples/marriage therapy? It takes courage to ask for help, admitting you can’t do everything alone is the first step toward achieving wellness, in a fast-paced, demanding world. As an experienced licensed professional counselor of 15+ years, I am honored to assist you in exploring your core issues and moving toward a healthy, fulfilling life. You are not alone. I can help you by supporting you! I have a diverse background in many different areas of counseling. Contact information: discovery502counseling.com (Private Pay)
(502) 305-5304 View (502) 305-5304
Photo of Danni E Lee, Pre-Licensed Professional in Louisville, KY
Danni E Lee
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSW, MSSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40218
Hello there! I help children, teens, and parents overcome mental health struggles and provide parents with tools to better connect with their children. Raising children can be very difficult. You may feel like you have done everything you can and still feel stuck. Together, we can embark on a journey of healing and connection to help meet the needs, goals, and freedom your family is craving.
Hello there! I help children, teens, and parents overcome mental health struggles and provide parents with tools to better connect with their children. Raising children can be very difficult. You may feel like you have done everything you can and still feel stuck. Together, we can embark on a journey of healing and connection to help meet the needs, goals, and freedom your family is craving.
(502) 427-7561 View (502) 427-7561
Photo of Victoria Edwards, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Victoria Edwards
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, Ed S, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40218
Do you feel lost as a parent? Do you feel as though you didn't have the proper role model(s), or that your kids should have come with a manual? Maybe you feel like everything you do annoys your teenager or your toddler ignores everything you say. Or are you a teen who's tired of feeling misunderstood? Are you ready to develop more efficient communication and conflict resolution skills, so you can be better understood by your friends and family? Either way, you're ready and willing to make changes!
Do you feel lost as a parent? Do you feel as though you didn't have the proper role model(s), or that your kids should have come with a manual? Maybe you feel like everything you do annoys your teenager or your toddler ignores everything you say. Or are you a teen who's tired of feeling misunderstood? Are you ready to develop more efficient communication and conflict resolution skills, so you can be better understood by your friends and family? Either way, you're ready and willing to make changes!
(502) 273-5986 View (502) 273-5986
Photo of Christy Theodore, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Christy Theodore
Counselor, LPCA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222  (Online Only)
Clients typically approach me when they have experienced trauma (single incident or complex, recent or past) or are experiencing concerns related to the perinatal time period. This includes anxiety, depression, miscarriage, birth trauma, infertility, guilt, and overwhelm. I work best with clients who are looking to explore the deeper root of their problems rather than only the symptoms. I also identify as Christian. I can incorporate faith into counseling upon a client's request; however, I work with clients from a variety of belief systems and only include clients' spiritual or religious beliefs when requested and appropriate.
Clients typically approach me when they have experienced trauma (single incident or complex, recent or past) or are experiencing concerns related to the perinatal time period. This includes anxiety, depression, miscarriage, birth trauma, infertility, guilt, and overwhelm. I work best with clients who are looking to explore the deeper root of their problems rather than only the symptoms. I also identify as Christian. I can incorporate faith into counseling upon a client's request; however, I work with clients from a variety of belief systems and only include clients' spiritual or religious beliefs when requested and appropriate.
(502) 316-9288 View (502) 316-9288
Photo of Renew Counseling, LLC, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Renew Counseling, LLC
Counselor
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40207
Renew Counseling Services was established in 2014, and quickly grew to become a group practice with more than 30 therapists. Our therapists are not only trained in several therapeutic models but also come from different backgrounds and life experiences. ​ The practice was created with the belief that all people can make great strides towards personal growth when ready for change. We know trauma plays an important role in the difficulties many face. We are a practice of therapists trained extensively in EMDR, Expressive Therapy, Family Therapy, DBT and CBT. We have many years of experience, knowledge and practice.
Renew Counseling Services was established in 2014, and quickly grew to become a group practice with more than 30 therapists. Our therapists are not only trained in several therapeutic models but also come from different backgrounds and life experiences. ​ The practice was created with the belief that all people can make great strides towards personal growth when ready for change. We know trauma plays an important role in the difficulties many face. We are a practice of therapists trained extensively in EMDR, Expressive Therapy, Family Therapy, DBT and CBT. We have many years of experience, knowledge and practice.
(502) 804-5467 View (502) 804-5467
Photo of Angelica Stivers, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Angelica Stivers
Counselor, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Hello, I'm Angelica! I'd be honored to possibly support you on your journey towards a healthier you. I am a Client-centered Therapist, which means to me, the thoughts & opinions of those I work with are of high value... after all, they are the ones walking in their own shoes! It's my responsibility to listen & gain understanding of what their life-experiences are like for them, and to establish my role in helping them experience life in a healthier, peaceful & more enjoyable way. I received my Masters in Mental Health Counseling from Spalding University, and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor Associate.
Hello, I'm Angelica! I'd be honored to possibly support you on your journey towards a healthier you. I am a Client-centered Therapist, which means to me, the thoughts & opinions of those I work with are of high value... after all, they are the ones walking in their own shoes! It's my responsibility to listen & gain understanding of what their life-experiences are like for them, and to establish my role in helping them experience life in a healthier, peaceful & more enjoyable way. I received my Masters in Mental Health Counseling from Spalding University, and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor Associate.
(502) 532-2571 View (502) 532-2571
Photo of Daniel Alpiger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Daniel Alpiger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40204  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience serving multiple populations including clients struggling through financial hardship, life changes, relationship issues, emotional/ physical abuse/trauma, diagnosis of a serious mental illness in the family, and depression/ anxiety.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience serving multiple populations including clients struggling through financial hardship, life changes, relationship issues, emotional/ physical abuse/trauma, diagnosis of a serious mental illness in the family, and depression/ anxiety.
(502) 503-4892 View (502) 503-4892
Photo of Dr. Diedre L Wade, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Dr. Diedre L Wade
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40299  (Online Only)
Do you have goals for your life but don't know where to start? Do you want to make positive changes but need help figuring out how to improve or stick with a plan of action? I specialize in Mental Toughness, which is the concept of not only being resilient but also seeking out challenges to improve even more.
Do you have goals for your life but don't know where to start? Do you want to make positive changes but need help figuring out how to improve or stick with a plan of action? I specialize in Mental Toughness, which is the concept of not only being resilient but also seeking out challenges to improve even more.
(502) 373-8234 View (502) 373-8234
Photo of Dr. Whitley Paden, Psychologist in Louisville, KY
Dr. Whitley Paden
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243
I specialize in providing research-based treatment to adults with a range of struggles, including trauma/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), substance use disorders, and anxiety disorders. In order to help individuals reach their treatment goals, I use evidence-based interventions and measure progress using short assessments. Furthermore, I recognize the importance of providing genuine warmth and caring to all clients to promote their own self-compassion, acceptance, and growth. “The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change” – Carl Rogers.
I specialize in providing research-based treatment to adults with a range of struggles, including trauma/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), substance use disorders, and anxiety disorders. In order to help individuals reach their treatment goals, I use evidence-based interventions and measure progress using short assessments. Furthermore, I recognize the importance of providing genuine warmth and caring to all clients to promote their own self-compassion, acceptance, and growth. “The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change” – Carl Rogers.
(502) 230-5422 x104 View (502) 230-5422 x104
Photo of Kristin Leigh Tribbett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Kristin Leigh Tribbett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCN
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40220
All experiences are unique and allowing me to help with your personal journey is an honor. I am trained and experienced in working with trauma, anxiety, depression, ADHD, interpersonal relationship difficulties, child and adolescent emotional and behavioral difficulties and school related problems. I primarily utilize Neurofeedback, EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy, and other expressive approaches.
All experiences are unique and allowing me to help with your personal journey is an honor. I am trained and experienced in working with trauma, anxiety, depression, ADHD, interpersonal relationship difficulties, child and adolescent emotional and behavioral difficulties and school related problems. I primarily utilize Neurofeedback, EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy, and other expressive approaches.
(502) 653-0214 View (502) 653-0214
Photo of Aster Counseling Services LLC, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Aster Counseling Services LLC
Counselor, EdS, LPCC-S, KY, LPC OK
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243  (Online Only)
Are you a woman ages 18-65yrs ready to feel relief from mental, emotional, and physcial distress. Is keeping it all in is no longer working and you know its time to talk to someone. You might feel so heavy, anything you do, feels like running a marathon. Maybe your thoughts are racing so fast you have a difficult time focusing on one task. Your loved ones may think you have it all together but inside you are screaming for help. It may seem embarrassing but you know you cannot continue experiencing the overwhelming feeling of uneasiness. Let's work together to accomplish your goals.
Are you a woman ages 18-65yrs ready to feel relief from mental, emotional, and physcial distress. Is keeping it all in is no longer working and you know its time to talk to someone. You might feel so heavy, anything you do, feels like running a marathon. Maybe your thoughts are racing so fast you have a difficult time focusing on one task. Your loved ones may think you have it all together but inside you are screaming for help. It may seem embarrassing but you know you cannot continue experiencing the overwhelming feeling of uneasiness. Let's work together to accomplish your goals.
(502) 804-2409 View (502) 804-2409
Photo of Barbara Hedspeth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Barbara Hedspeth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40206
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders and mild to moderate OCD, as well as trauma and depression. My experience tells me that these conditions are highly treatable with the right approach. My primary method is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is a proven evidence based treatment for these problems. I am also trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and Cognitive Processing Therapy for the treatment of trauma. My style is direct, supportive and goal oriented with emphasis on what the client wants to work on. I use humor as well!
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders and mild to moderate OCD, as well as trauma and depression. My experience tells me that these conditions are highly treatable with the right approach. My primary method is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which is a proven evidence based treatment for these problems. I am also trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) and Cognitive Processing Therapy for the treatment of trauma. My style is direct, supportive and goal oriented with emphasis on what the client wants to work on. I use humor as well!
(502) 385-2488 View (502) 385-2488
Photo of Courtney Rhea-Ribeiro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Courtney Rhea-Ribeiro
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40241
I mean, let's be real... life can get very challenging. There are times we just have trouble knowing what to do. Friends and loved ones can be great sounding boards, but sometimes you need to look at things a bit differently. A new fresh perspective, a safe place to give the full nitty-gritty picture, that's what I'm here for! Also if you've got things you don't share but need to, therapy is just the place. Seen some things you feel like you can't share? Done some things you don't think others would understand? I'm here to help with the hard stuff.
I mean, let's be real... life can get very challenging. There are times we just have trouble knowing what to do. Friends and loved ones can be great sounding boards, but sometimes you need to look at things a bit differently. A new fresh perspective, a safe place to give the full nitty-gritty picture, that's what I'm here for! Also if you've got things you don't share but need to, therapy is just the place. Seen some things you feel like you can't share? Done some things you don't think others would understand? I'm here to help with the hard stuff.
(502) 427-0968 View (502) 427-0968
Photo of Anna Marie Bunch, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Anna Marie Bunch
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40223  (Online Only)
I am licensed in Kentucky and Ohio with 11 years of professional work experience. I have around 9/10 years of experience working as a private practice clinician. Before this, I worked in a men's residential recovery program for several years during my education and for around 5 years after getting licensed. This was a wonderful experience for me and taught me so much about life and healing. In my private practice experience, I have worked in K-12 schools, in the office, and via telehealth. I have experience in helping clients with a wide variety of issues and circumstances.
I am licensed in Kentucky and Ohio with 11 years of professional work experience. I have around 9/10 years of experience working as a private practice clinician. Before this, I worked in a men's residential recovery program for several years during my education and for around 5 years after getting licensed. This was a wonderful experience for me and taught me so much about life and healing. In my private practice experience, I have worked in K-12 schools, in the office, and via telehealth. I have experience in helping clients with a wide variety of issues and circumstances.
(502) 465-8823 View (502) 465-8823
Photo of Nicole Davis, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Nicole Davis
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40207
You are not alone. Life is full of changes, both big and small. For many people, seeking outside assistance to navigate a specific set of challenges while incredibly courageous can be scary. Whether you are new to counseling or starting up again, this is a big step towards growing yourself. I understand how difficult the process of seeking guidance and support can be, and I am so glad you are here.
You are not alone. Life is full of changes, both big and small. For many people, seeking outside assistance to navigate a specific set of challenges while incredibly courageous can be scary. Whether you are new to counseling or starting up again, this is a big step towards growing yourself. I understand how difficult the process of seeking guidance and support can be, and I am so glad you are here.
(502) 237-4094 View (502) 237-4094
Photo of Theresa Lynn Adamchik, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Theresa Lynn Adamchik
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, ATR-BC, LPCC-S, LPAT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40206
Waitlist for new clients
Theresa is a Licensed Professional Art Therapist, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, and an approved LPAT/LPCC supervisor. She received her Masters of Education with a concentration in Art Therapy and Counseling from the University of Louisville in 2006 and a Bachelors of Fine Arts, Cum Laude, from the University of Louisville in 2002. She has over 15 years of experience working in the mental health field. She is one of the co-founders of Louisville Expressive Therapies.
Theresa is a Licensed Professional Art Therapist, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, and an approved LPAT/LPCC supervisor. She received her Masters of Education with a concentration in Art Therapy and Counseling from the University of Louisville in 2006 and a Bachelors of Fine Arts, Cum Laude, from the University of Louisville in 2002. She has over 15 years of experience working in the mental health field. She is one of the co-founders of Louisville Expressive Therapies.
(502) 335-4181 View (502) 335-4181
Photo of Fran Deeley, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Fran Deeley
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
If you are an individual struggling with an eating disorder, generalized anxiety, a mood disorder, or self-harm behaviors you are not alone. When one is struggling it is often hard to know where to start. I am here to meet you where you are and help you navigate life challenges brought on by mental health problems. Mental health can disrupt your relationships, your passions, and your ability to live the life you desire. We will work together on setting goals, developing coping skills to better mange emotions and stress and understanding underlying causes to mental health problems.
If you are an individual struggling with an eating disorder, generalized anxiety, a mood disorder, or self-harm behaviors you are not alone. When one is struggling it is often hard to know where to start. I am here to meet you where you are and help you navigate life challenges brought on by mental health problems. Mental health can disrupt your relationships, your passions, and your ability to live the life you desire. We will work together on setting goals, developing coping skills to better mange emotions and stress and understanding underlying causes to mental health problems.
(502) 236-5257 View (502) 236-5257
Photo of 1st Priority Healthcare, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
1st Priority Healthcare
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40218
1st Priority Healthcare provides services to children, teens, adults, and families. We offer an array of services that put the total well-being of our clients at the forefront. We also provide a day treatment program tailored to children with mental illnesses, and a host of other services for persons of all ages, and levels of need.
1st Priority Healthcare provides services to children, teens, adults, and families. We offer an array of services that put the total well-being of our clients at the forefront. We also provide a day treatment program tailored to children with mental illnesses, and a host of other services for persons of all ages, and levels of need.
(502) 236-5861 View (502) 236-5861
Photo of Tonya Silcox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Tonya Silcox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the expectations of personal or professional roles? Do you find yourself numbing, hiding or avoiding feelings or painful/uncomfortable situations? Maybe, you have a family member caught in destructive patterns and it's impacting your life? I'd love to help you change unhealthy habits, transform your thoughts, and reconnect with your true self. Together, we can work to replace pain with self-love, change unhealthy patterns, and find healthy ways to deal with life's stressors. I have a strong background in behavior modification strategies, sustaining change, mental health-related issues, and addictions.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the expectations of personal or professional roles? Do you find yourself numbing, hiding or avoiding feelings or painful/uncomfortable situations? Maybe, you have a family member caught in destructive patterns and it's impacting your life? I'd love to help you change unhealthy habits, transform your thoughts, and reconnect with your true self. Together, we can work to replace pain with self-love, change unhealthy patterns, and find healthy ways to deal with life's stressors. I have a strong background in behavior modification strategies, sustaining change, mental health-related issues, and addictions.
(502) 806-8336 View (502) 806-8336
Photo of Mary Caroline Gray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Mary Caroline Gray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
I have worked in the mental health field for 15 years. I am particularly experienced in the treatment of anxiety, mood disorders, relationship difficulties, trauma, and bereavement/grief and loss.
I have worked in the mental health field for 15 years. I am particularly experienced in the treatment of anxiety, mood disorders, relationship difficulties, trauma, and bereavement/grief and loss.
(502) 514-0563 View (502) 514-0563

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Louisville, KY

1,000+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Louisville, KY who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
71% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
59% Relationship Issues
57% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
70% Humana
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Louisville, KY see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Louisville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.