Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

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Photo of Ted Cooper, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Ted Cooper
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116  (Online Only)
I focus on my client's strengths and core values, and collaborate with them to find their own answers. I believe in the power of choice, and that learning how to make good choices is key. Clients often say after working with me that they feel encouraged, empowered and able to face their fears, and they understand that fear is a choice, not a necessity. I assist clients in working through their personal barriers, so that they can be successful, present and happy in their lives and the lives of their families.
I focus on my client's strengths and core values, and collaborate with them to find their own answers. I believe in the power of choice, and that learning how to make good choices is key. Clients often say after working with me that they feel encouraged, empowered and able to face their fears, and they understand that fear is a choice, not a necessity. I assist clients in working through their personal barriers, so that they can be successful, present and happy in their lives and the lives of their families.
(651) 504-8914 View (651) 504-8914
Photo of Sarah Binkley in Saint Paul, MN
Sarah Binkley
MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I am an attuned and experienced companion, guide and safety net in the sometimes difficult process of growth and healing. In a warm and supportive environment, I help my clients find their paths and work toward peace and balance. I have been practicing therapy for over twenty years, helping people understand themselves better and lead richer, healthier, more engaged lives. I have helped people with anxiety, depression, past trauma, life transitions, relationships, and family-of-origin issues. Please give me a call if you are interested in starting therapy or have questions about the process.
As a therapist, I am an attuned and experienced companion, guide and safety net in the sometimes difficult process of growth and healing. In a warm and supportive environment, I help my clients find their paths and work toward peace and balance. I have been practicing therapy for over twenty years, helping people understand themselves better and lead richer, healthier, more engaged lives. I have helped people with anxiety, depression, past trauma, life transitions, relationships, and family-of-origin issues. Please give me a call if you are interested in starting therapy or have questions about the process.
(651) 964-0996 View (651) 964-0996
Photo of Bryanna Garwood, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Bryanna Garwood
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55130
Adulting is hard, life can be difficult, and the whole thing can be overwhelming. Let's talk about it, let's yell at it, or meditate on it. All of the systems that we are a part of can impact the way we think about ourselves and our ability to connect with others. This can severely impact our mental health and our ability to heal. I am here to help you manage issues related to sexuality, severe and persistent mental illness, sense of self, trauma, loss, and life transitions. Please go to the website link to enter your information if you would like to move forward with sessions.
Adulting is hard, life can be difficult, and the whole thing can be overwhelming. Let's talk about it, let's yell at it, or meditate on it. All of the systems that we are a part of can impact the way we think about ourselves and our ability to connect with others. This can severely impact our mental health and our ability to heal. I am here to help you manage issues related to sexuality, severe and persistent mental illness, sense of self, trauma, loss, and life transitions. Please go to the website link to enter your information if you would like to move forward with sessions.
(507) 338-6260 View (507) 338-6260
Photo of Rafael Cohen, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Rafael Cohen
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Some people go through life believing they know what they want and yet find a deep sense of dissatisfaction when they get it. Others self-sabotage and seem to keep a safe distance from their conscious goals. Naturally there are no quick fixes to challenges like these, but psychoanalytic work offers the possibility of taking the whole person into account. In order to do this I remain invested in the full complexity of each individual and I avoid reducing patients to a symptom or a diagnosis. With time, hard work, and an unprejudiced space to speak, new perspectives are possible, as are new relationships with self and with others.
Some people go through life believing they know what they want and yet find a deep sense of dissatisfaction when they get it. Others self-sabotage and seem to keep a safe distance from their conscious goals. Naturally there are no quick fixes to challenges like these, but psychoanalytic work offers the possibility of taking the whole person into account. In order to do this I remain invested in the full complexity of each individual and I avoid reducing patients to a symptom or a diagnosis. With time, hard work, and an unprejudiced space to speak, new perspectives are possible, as are new relationships with self and with others.
(651) 615-2811 View (651) 615-2811
Photo of Rainbow Relationship Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Rainbow Relationship Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116  (Online Only)
Navigating life can be a little overwhelming at times. Figuring out how to adapt to all the changes and challenges it brings is not something you have to do alone. As two marriage and family therapists, we are passionate about working with young adults, couples, and families to improve communication, explore identity, find coping skills, or sort through the hard or dark times life can bring. Here, your story matters.
Navigating life can be a little overwhelming at times. Figuring out how to adapt to all the changes and challenges it brings is not something you have to do alone. As two marriage and family therapists, we are passionate about working with young adults, couples, and families to improve communication, explore identity, find coping skills, or sort through the hard or dark times life can bring. Here, your story matters.
(612) 662-1624 View (612) 662-1624
Photo of Kelly Evans, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Kelly Evans
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55105
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in relationships! I have been a therapist for over fifteen years and continue to learn everyday. I believe therapy is more than simply listening. I will actively listen, reflect, and challenge you, your partnership, or your family to grow. I have a lot of experience helping parents who are concerned about their adult children who are struggling with mental illness and/or addiction. I am also trained in ART which helps people heal from traumatic experiences using bilateral eye movements. I am a systemic thinker and approach my work through a social justice lens.
I specialize in relationships! I have been a therapist for over fifteen years and continue to learn everyday. I believe therapy is more than simply listening. I will actively listen, reflect, and challenge you, your partnership, or your family to grow. I have a lot of experience helping parents who are concerned about their adult children who are struggling with mental illness and/or addiction. I am also trained in ART which helps people heal from traumatic experiences using bilateral eye movements. I am a systemic thinker and approach my work through a social justice lens.
(651) 352-7105 View (651) 352-7105
Photo of Kendra Snyder Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Kendra Snyder Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
At Kendra Snyder Therapy & Associates, our therapists specialize in supporting those who have been touched by adoption, grief, loss, trauma, and hurt from religion, as well as people who desire increased connection, to explore personal identity, and to find an authentic belief system or spirituality. We create an open and inviting space for others to engage in deep introspective reflection that helps foster creativity, authenticity, and expansion.
At Kendra Snyder Therapy & Associates, our therapists specialize in supporting those who have been touched by adoption, grief, loss, trauma, and hurt from religion, as well as people who desire increased connection, to explore personal identity, and to find an authentic belief system or spirituality. We create an open and inviting space for others to engage in deep introspective reflection that helps foster creativity, authenticity, and expansion.
(720) 726-1416 View (720) 726-1416
Photo of Susan Balto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Susan Balto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LMSW, MPH
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Your reasoning for seeking therapy is specific and unique. My name is Susan and I help my Clients to create a safe place to explore, grow, and better understand their feelings and motivations. Together, we will find new ways to listen deeply and understand the roots of the patterns keeping you stuck, frustrated, or lost. I believe that therapy is a learned skill that we will refine together to come up with a course of therapy that suits your personal values, preferences, and needs.
Your reasoning for seeking therapy is specific and unique. My name is Susan and I help my Clients to create a safe place to explore, grow, and better understand their feelings and motivations. Together, we will find new ways to listen deeply and understand the roots of the patterns keeping you stuck, frustrated, or lost. I believe that therapy is a learned skill that we will refine together to come up with a course of therapy that suits your personal values, preferences, and needs.
(651) 360-2031 View (651) 360-2031
Photo of Paul Strickland, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Paul Strickland
Psychologist, MA, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
I have been a licensed psychologist for over twenty years. In addition, I've worked as a career counselor for over thirty. I specialize in the areas of life and work transitions, career development and change, and related challenges. Most people seek counseling around the issue of change. Sometimes it's a desire to discover or move toward a specific or general destination. Or, it can be about dealing with unexpected changes that have occurred and now have to be dealt with. My goal is to respectfully assist the people I work with deal with those changes.
I have been a licensed psychologist for over twenty years. In addition, I've worked as a career counselor for over thirty. I specialize in the areas of life and work transitions, career development and change, and related challenges. Most people seek counseling around the issue of change. Sometimes it's a desire to discover or move toward a specific or general destination. Or, it can be about dealing with unexpected changes that have occurred and now have to be dealt with. My goal is to respectfully assist the people I work with deal with those changes.
(651) 964-6160 View (651) 964-6160
Photo of Brian C. Post, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Brian C. Post
Psychologist, PhD, LP, CGP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
On the outside you look like you've got it together, but inside you're struggling. Perhaps you are self-critical, disconnected from others, or stuck in a job that is not the right fit. Or maybe you are enduring a painful dynamic in your relationship with your romantic partner, parent, child, friend, or co-worker. If any of these resonate, self-exploration can help you discover the root cause of your shame, loneliness, disconnection, existential angst, and stagnation. With help, you can cultivate a kinder relationship with yourself, deeper connections with others, and a more meaningful life at work and beyond.
On the outside you look like you've got it together, but inside you're struggling. Perhaps you are self-critical, disconnected from others, or stuck in a job that is not the right fit. Or maybe you are enduring a painful dynamic in your relationship with your romantic partner, parent, child, friend, or co-worker. If any of these resonate, self-exploration can help you discover the root cause of your shame, loneliness, disconnection, existential angst, and stagnation. With help, you can cultivate a kinder relationship with yourself, deeper connections with others, and a more meaningful life at work and beyond.
(651) 538-1960 View (651) 538-1960
Photo of Lindsey Kwon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Lindsey Kwon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55119
Waitlist for new clients
If you are navigating the complexities of life, facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, or life transitions, or if you are seeking a safe and empathetic space to explore your thoughts and emotions, fostering self-discovery and personal growth, your needs revolve around finding coping strategies, building resilience, and developing a deeper understanding of yourself. The goal is not just symptom relief but sustainable positive change. I am dedicated to fostering a collaborative and non-judgmental space, supporting you in your journey toward lasting transformation and a more balanced and meaningful life.
If you are navigating the complexities of life, facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, or life transitions, or if you are seeking a safe and empathetic space to explore your thoughts and emotions, fostering self-discovery and personal growth, your needs revolve around finding coping strategies, building resilience, and developing a deeper understanding of yourself. The goal is not just symptom relief but sustainable positive change. I am dedicated to fostering a collaborative and non-judgmental space, supporting you in your journey toward lasting transformation and a more balanced and meaningful life.
(651) 240-2104 View (651) 240-2104
Photo of Jess Holly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Jess Holly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Jess Holly received her Bachelor’s degree in Child Psychology from the University of Minnesota and went on to earn a Master’s degree in Clinical Social Work from the U of M. Jess previously worked for a children’s community mental health agency in Minneapolis and surrounding areas where she provided in-home therapeutic support to children and their families facing serious and persistent mental and behavioral health challenges. Jess also has experience treating adults with anxiety and depression.
Jess Holly received her Bachelor’s degree in Child Psychology from the University of Minnesota and went on to earn a Master’s degree in Clinical Social Work from the U of M. Jess previously worked for a children’s community mental health agency in Minneapolis and surrounding areas where she provided in-home therapeutic support to children and their families facing serious and persistent mental and behavioral health challenges. Jess also has experience treating adults with anxiety and depression.
(651) 359-9875 View (651) 359-9875
Photo of Evan Lieberman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Evan Lieberman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
If you are here reading this, you want something better for yourself. We are complex individuals, and when you gain a better understanding of who you truly are, you will be amazed at how life takes on a new perspective. To be more productive in your work, having healthier and deeper relationships, and to be more comfortable with yourself, are among the many benefits of therapy. I believe in the power of therapy and having greater personal insight. I have seen it work for my clients and myself. If you ready to take this first step, let's talk!
If you are here reading this, you want something better for yourself. We are complex individuals, and when you gain a better understanding of who you truly are, you will be amazed at how life takes on a new perspective. To be more productive in your work, having healthier and deeper relationships, and to be more comfortable with yourself, are among the many benefits of therapy. I believe in the power of therapy and having greater personal insight. I have seen it work for my clients and myself. If you ready to take this first step, let's talk!
(651) 401-6677 View (651) 401-6677
Photo of Julia S Fox, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Julia S Fox
Counselor, MA, LPCC, RYT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104  (Online Only)
Immediate availability for online only! Suffering is a common part of life, and as painful as it can be, it can also be a great source of change and growth. I believe a warm, accepting, and non-judgmental space is essential in order for you to feel supported in sharing your story, emotions, and participating in a change process. I place a large emphasis on the therapeutic relationship- using an integrated approach based on the needs of each individual. I also am the type of therapist that will challenge you, ask questions, provide insight, and work with you collaboratively to address what is most important to you.
Immediate availability for online only! Suffering is a common part of life, and as painful as it can be, it can also be a great source of change and growth. I believe a warm, accepting, and non-judgmental space is essential in order for you to feel supported in sharing your story, emotions, and participating in a change process. I place a large emphasis on the therapeutic relationship- using an integrated approach based on the needs of each individual. I also am the type of therapist that will challenge you, ask questions, provide insight, and work with you collaboratively to address what is most important to you.
(612) 255-1441 View (612) 255-1441
Photo of Juliana Thrall in Saint Paul, MN
Juliana Thrall
MPS, LPCC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55101
I believe in fostering creative imagination and illuminating the stories found within. I aim to find belongingness and connection with clients where storytelling through art and expression becomes an active process of investigating our perceptions, identities, and communications more effectively through the forms and symbols we make. Supporting, challenging, and witnessing clients' journeys of re-creation is the starting place where I can begin to help clients find healing and freedom in their present circumstances.
I believe in fostering creative imagination and illuminating the stories found within. I aim to find belongingness and connection with clients where storytelling through art and expression becomes an active process of investigating our perceptions, identities, and communications more effectively through the forms and symbols we make. Supporting, challenging, and witnessing clients' journeys of re-creation is the starting place where I can begin to help clients find healing and freedom in their present circumstances.
(651) 376-3934 View (651) 376-3934
Photo of Lee Thao, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Lee Thao
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, LADC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55113
Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety, grief, relationships, or a loss of a sense of self that affects your day-to-day life? Does it feel like most of the time you are just going through the motions of life? Just trying to get through the day, answering emails, texts, or calls because you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, frustrated, lost, or sad? Do you question, wonder, or hope that things could be better? Together we work through and move past challenges/losses, make sense of emotions, and learn coping skills to help manage, improve, and overcome difficult relationships.
Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety, grief, relationships, or a loss of a sense of self that affects your day-to-day life? Does it feel like most of the time you are just going through the motions of life? Just trying to get through the day, answering emails, texts, or calls because you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, frustrated, lost, or sad? Do you question, wonder, or hope that things could be better? Together we work through and move past challenges/losses, make sense of emotions, and learn coping skills to help manage, improve, and overcome difficult relationships.
(952) 295-4030 View (952) 295-4030
Photo of Joseph Graves, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Joseph Graves
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55114
I believe that the more we try to change ourselves, the more we become stuck. My goal in our therapeutic process is to understand, as best as I can, what it’s like to be you. By exploring and understanding the obstacles that have hindered your growth a spontaneous process of change and healing emerges. I aim to support you on your unique journey of self-discovery as you navigate life’s challenges and the existential dilemmas we all face.
I believe that the more we try to change ourselves, the more we become stuck. My goal in our therapeutic process is to understand, as best as I can, what it’s like to be you. By exploring and understanding the obstacles that have hindered your growth a spontaneous process of change and healing emerges. I aim to support you on your unique journey of self-discovery as you navigate life’s challenges and the existential dilemmas we all face.
(651) 661-2519 View (651) 661-2519
Geraldine Rockett Ph.D., LP PLLC
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I help people relieve anxiety and weather difficult transitions with grace. My clients are generally emotionally healthy but have gotten stuck. Whether you’re newly retired, newly parenting, newly married, newly returned to graduate school, or newly graduated from college, the common denominator holds true: transitions are hard. Transitions can leave everyone - even the strongest people - feeling a little lost. As a licensed psychologist with over 40 years experience providing therapy to clients as well as training to doctoral level psychologists, I feel confident that our work together will help you get your life back on track.
I help people relieve anxiety and weather difficult transitions with grace. My clients are generally emotionally healthy but have gotten stuck. Whether you’re newly retired, newly parenting, newly married, newly returned to graduate school, or newly graduated from college, the common denominator holds true: transitions are hard. Transitions can leave everyone - even the strongest people - feeling a little lost. As a licensed psychologist with over 40 years experience providing therapy to clients as well as training to doctoral level psychologists, I feel confident that our work together will help you get your life back on track.
(845) 713-8300 View (845) 713-8300
Photo of Karl Thomas, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Saint Paul, MN
Karl Thomas
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Now accepting new clients! I specialize in individuals and couples to address depression, anxiety, trauma, and parenting issues.
Now accepting new clients! I specialize in individuals and couples to address depression, anxiety, trauma, and parenting issues.
(651) 424-0279 View (651) 424-0279
Photo of Jeffrey Raich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Jeffrey Raich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55101
Life is hard. That’s pretty clear. But it’s made all the more difficult for those who are autistic, carry trauma, or are within the LGBTQIA+ community. The difficulty is unique. Whether it’s having an invisible disability, not being able to trust others, or fighting for acceptance, the ability to navigate life can be challenging. There’s hope. And I can help. Together we will work through the stories you’ve been taught, the expectations you’ve had to meet, and the experiences that brought you further and further from yourself.
Life is hard. That’s pretty clear. But it’s made all the more difficult for those who are autistic, carry trauma, or are within the LGBTQIA+ community. The difficulty is unique. Whether it’s having an invisible disability, not being able to trust others, or fighting for acceptance, the ability to navigate life can be challenging. There’s hope. And I can help. Together we will work through the stories you’ve been taught, the expectations you’ve had to meet, and the experiences that brought you further and further from yourself.
(651) 615-4686 View (651) 615-4686

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% UCare
68% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.