Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Nancy Gardner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Nancy Gardner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60661
My passion is to help you feel heard, understood, and hopeful about the possibility of change. You'd be surprised by how much better you may feel after just a few sessions, either in-person or tele-health. I specialize in working with clients who are struggling with a number of things at the same time (such as life transitions, anxiety, trauma). My ideal client is someone who is interested in going below surface issues, and- potentially- including some "body-up" work in their therapy.
My passion is to help you feel heard, understood, and hopeful about the possibility of change. You'd be surprised by how much better you may feel after just a few sessions, either in-person or tele-health. I specialize in working with clients who are struggling with a number of things at the same time (such as life transitions, anxiety, trauma). My ideal client is someone who is interested in going below surface issues, and- potentially- including some "body-up" work in their therapy.
(312) 548-8751 View (312) 548-8751
Photo of Joe Mardis, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Joe Mardis
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
I am of the thought that we come into the world a blank slate upon which our experiences are written. What is written is sometimes harmful and may manifest as trauma, abandonment, neglect, etc. Those environmental messages often become unresolved emotional issues carried through life and into relationships. I go beyond the presenting symptoms to identify the root problems. I share my clinical impressions and propose an individualized plan. My treatment approach is generally cognitive-behavioral therapy.
I am of the thought that we come into the world a blank slate upon which our experiences are written. What is written is sometimes harmful and may manifest as trauma, abandonment, neglect, etc. Those environmental messages often become unresolved emotional issues carried through life and into relationships. I go beyond the presenting symptoms to identify the root problems. I share my clinical impressions and propose an individualized plan. My treatment approach is generally cognitive-behavioral therapy.
(312) 766-6595 View (312) 766-6595
Photo of Anna Franklin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Anna Franklin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
Welcome! My primary objective for therapy is to create a safe, trusting, and genuine relationship with each of my clients. I like to use a client-centered approach to ensure that treatment is tailored to each person, rather than utilizing a blanket approach. In my office, you are guaranteed to find a judgment free space full of compassion. My number one priority is to help each client along their therapeutic journey, which is anything but linear. My clinical experience is working with clients of all ages who present with anxiety, depression, trauma, aggression, impulse control, and self-esteem.
Welcome! My primary objective for therapy is to create a safe, trusting, and genuine relationship with each of my clients. I like to use a client-centered approach to ensure that treatment is tailored to each person, rather than utilizing a blanket approach. In my office, you are guaranteed to find a judgment free space full of compassion. My number one priority is to help each client along their therapeutic journey, which is anything but linear. My clinical experience is working with clients of all ages who present with anxiety, depression, trauma, aggression, impulse control, and self-esteem.
(872) 260-6042 View (872) 260-6042
Paula Cormalleth
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
In my practice, I work with men and women, individuals and couples. I focus largely on the dynamics and the contexts in which people live, both in their current relationships and in the ones that helped to shape them. I help people through the transitions of their lives, through loss and "stuck" places, past the obstacles to achieving meaning in life and intimacy in relationships. I work in a cognitive/directive and very open personal style.
In my practice, I work with men and women, individuals and couples. I focus largely on the dynamics and the contexts in which people live, both in their current relationships and in the ones that helped to shape them. I help people through the transitions of their lives, through loss and "stuck" places, past the obstacles to achieving meaning in life and intimacy in relationships. I work in a cognitive/directive and very open personal style.
(847) 863-7697 View (847) 863-7697
Photo of Alicia Fitzsimons, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Alicia Fitzsimons
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
At times, life can leave us feeling overwhelmed, depressed, scared, stressed, or lost. I believe everyone deserves someone with whom to share their challenges and struggles. As a therapist, I aim to provide more than just a listening ear. I want to help you improve your mood, feel more fulfilled in your career and personal relationships, and achieve your goals. My areas of clinical expertise include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, work/life balance, body image issues, self-esteem issues, and stress management.
At times, life can leave us feeling overwhelmed, depressed, scared, stressed, or lost. I believe everyone deserves someone with whom to share their challenges and struggles. As a therapist, I aim to provide more than just a listening ear. I want to help you improve your mood, feel more fulfilled in your career and personal relationships, and achieve your goals. My areas of clinical expertise include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, work/life balance, body image issues, self-esteem issues, and stress management.
(872) 219-2581 View (872) 219-2581
Photo of Alexander Bauman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Alexander Bauman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, CADC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
Alexander Bauman is a dedicated and compassionate Licensed Social Worker (LSW) and Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC) based in Illinois. Holding an MSW from the University of Kentucky and a BSW from Northeastern Illinois University, Alexander has amassed experience working with dual diagnosis substance abuse mental health clients in inpatient settings. His diverse therapeutic expertise includes Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and more.
Alexander Bauman is a dedicated and compassionate Licensed Social Worker (LSW) and Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC) based in Illinois. Holding an MSW from the University of Kentucky and a BSW from Northeastern Illinois University, Alexander has amassed experience working with dual diagnosis substance abuse mental health clients in inpatient settings. His diverse therapeutic expertise includes Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and more.
(773) 692-8589 View (773) 692-8589
Photo of Leanna Fortunato, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Leanna Fortunato
Psychologist, PhD, CST
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60611
Not accepting new clients
Asking for help is a courageous first step toward making personally meaningful changes. I view therapy as a collaborative process that involves you and I working together to understand what has led you to this point, to explore what you would like to be different, and to begin to develop new ways of being.
Asking for help is a courageous first step toward making personally meaningful changes. I view therapy as a collaborative process that involves you and I working together to understand what has led you to this point, to explore what you would like to be different, and to begin to develop new ways of being.
(312) 608-2928 View (312) 608-2928
Photo of Amy Oomens-Lozano, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Amy Oomens-Lozano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60609
My name is Amy Lozano and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Grief Provider. My areas of expertise are grief and loss, religious trauma, life transitions, and anxiety. My desire is to help support those who are working through challenging life circumstances and need to verbally process with a non-judgmental and unbiased third party. I used a strengths-based and solution-focused approach when working with clients. I also incorporate attachment and many of the latest grief and loss theories.
My name is Amy Lozano and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Grief Provider. My areas of expertise are grief and loss, religious trauma, life transitions, and anxiety. My desire is to help support those who are working through challenging life circumstances and need to verbally process with a non-judgmental and unbiased third party. I used a strengths-based and solution-focused approach when working with clients. I also incorporate attachment and many of the latest grief and loss theories.
(773) 207-3451 View (773) 207-3451
Photo of Renecha Mack-Dorsey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Renecha Mack-Dorsey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60615
Sinking, Surviving, Thriving, 3 pools of placement we can often find ourselves in. In life, we can at times feel the sinking reality of loss, grief, anxiety, or even depression and its impact on our functioning. Most of the time we are just getting by and surviving day to day just to give ourselves the opportunity to thrive. Whatever season you’re in, I am optimistic we can PIVOT in whatever direction you want to go. You know yourself best, and I am hopeful that between both of our expertise we can build and learn together! You have a story, let’s begin creating your narrative!
Sinking, Surviving, Thriving, 3 pools of placement we can often find ourselves in. In life, we can at times feel the sinking reality of loss, grief, anxiety, or even depression and its impact on our functioning. Most of the time we are just getting by and surviving day to day just to give ourselves the opportunity to thrive. Whatever season you’re in, I am optimistic we can PIVOT in whatever direction you want to go. You know yourself best, and I am hopeful that between both of our expertise we can build and learn together! You have a story, let’s begin creating your narrative!
(872) 253-1635 View (872) 253-1635
Photo of Crystal Ortiz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Crystal Ortiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60637
We've all been there: feeling lost in the darkness, or stuck with no sense of direction. Or maybe it's your sense of self that is taking a hit and you find yourself doubting your self-worth, your value, and your confidence is at an all-time low. We all have our own, unique struggles, and luckily there is hope. By being on this website and on this page right now, you are taking the first step to healing.
We've all been there: feeling lost in the darkness, or stuck with no sense of direction. Or maybe it's your sense of self that is taking a hit and you find yourself doubting your self-worth, your value, and your confidence is at an all-time low. We all have our own, unique struggles, and luckily there is hope. By being on this website and on this page right now, you are taking the first step to healing.
(872) 239-3466 x237 View (872) 239-3466 x237
Photo of Don Elligan, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Don Elligan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60605
My practice specializes in helping clients actualize their personal goals. In my approach I attempt to empower clients to modify their thoughts and behaviors in ways that help them meet their particular goals. I also maintain sensitivity to a clients cultural background. I specialize in helping clients with relationship difficulties, anxiety/stress, depression, and impulsivity. I have extensive experience working with children with behavioral challenges and have developed a free app on managing bullying that is available in the apple itunes store (Hero App).
My practice specializes in helping clients actualize their personal goals. In my approach I attempt to empower clients to modify their thoughts and behaviors in ways that help them meet their particular goals. I also maintain sensitivity to a clients cultural background. I specialize in helping clients with relationship difficulties, anxiety/stress, depression, and impulsivity. I have extensive experience working with children with behavioral challenges and have developed a free app on managing bullying that is available in the apple itunes store (Hero App).
(773) 219-2149 View (773) 219-2149
Photo of Morgan Vance, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Morgan Vance
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Waitlist for new clients
The decision to begin therapy is a big one, and often filled with a range of emotions and questions. There are many paths a therapeutic process can take in moving toward healing, processing painful issues, and working toward positive, integrated change. Each person enters therapy with specific individual challenges and goals for treatment. I work from a perspective of respect for my clients and utilize an eclectic, collaborative treatment approach based on your individual needs. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment that will enable us to work collaboratively and objectively toward those goals.
The decision to begin therapy is a big one, and often filled with a range of emotions and questions. There are many paths a therapeutic process can take in moving toward healing, processing painful issues, and working toward positive, integrated change. Each person enters therapy with specific individual challenges and goals for treatment. I work from a perspective of respect for my clients and utilize an eclectic, collaborative treatment approach based on your individual needs. I strive to create a safe and supportive environment that will enable us to work collaboratively and objectively toward those goals.
(872) 274-2175 View (872) 274-2175
Photo of Jo Flannery, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jo Flannery
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MASEXOL
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with sexual desire discrepancy and intimacy. Sexual desire discrepancy is when one person in a relationship wants sex more or differently than their partner(s). It is very common and occurs in otherwise happy and healthy relationships. Although common, desire discrepancy can lead to severe relational discord. Through a combination of psychosexual education, deep couple's work, and a compilation of the leading sexual desire discrepancy theories, I have designed a way of addressing desire discrepancy that offers you and your partner(s) a new way to be sexual together. It is not easy work, but it is rewarding.
I specialize in working with sexual desire discrepancy and intimacy. Sexual desire discrepancy is when one person in a relationship wants sex more or differently than their partner(s). It is very common and occurs in otherwise happy and healthy relationships. Although common, desire discrepancy can lead to severe relational discord. Through a combination of psychosexual education, deep couple's work, and a compilation of the leading sexual desire discrepancy theories, I have designed a way of addressing desire discrepancy that offers you and your partner(s) a new way to be sexual together. It is not easy work, but it is rewarding.
(872) 204-2737 View (872) 204-2737
Photo of Joie Wiener, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Joie Wiener
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
Joie is a North Side resident, and a proud member of the Queer, Neurodiverse, and Chronically Ill/ Disabled communities. They believe in nurturing and cherishing these identities (as well as all others!), and challenging social norms with the radical act of being yourself. Joie is a former social emotional and sexual health educator, and has worked with young people in various capacities for over 10 years. They’ve worked both in the schools and via Telehealth to provide therapy to children, adolescents, and emerging adults, focusing primarily on acute and complex trauma, neurodivergence, and gender/sexuality identity development.
Joie is a North Side resident, and a proud member of the Queer, Neurodiverse, and Chronically Ill/ Disabled communities. They believe in nurturing and cherishing these identities (as well as all others!), and challenging social norms with the radical act of being yourself. Joie is a former social emotional and sexual health educator, and has worked with young people in various capacities for over 10 years. They’ve worked both in the schools and via Telehealth to provide therapy to children, adolescents, and emerging adults, focusing primarily on acute and complex trauma, neurodivergence, and gender/sexuality identity development.
(773) 673-9874 View (773) 673-9874
Photo of Tanya Mance, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Tanya Mance
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60645  (Online Only)
I believe that the therapeutic relationship should provide a space for unconditional acceptance. Each individual, no matter their age or ability is the expert of their own lives. My approach is to help each of my clients uncover and remind them of, the best parts of themselves.
I believe that the therapeutic relationship should provide a space for unconditional acceptance. Each individual, no matter their age or ability is the expert of their own lives. My approach is to help each of my clients uncover and remind them of, the best parts of themselves.
(773) 570-2066 View (773) 570-2066
Photo of Michael Palumbo, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Michael Palumbo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
The start of therapy is often a painful or stressful time. I will work with you to improve your current life and increase your future resilience. I believe the foundation of this work is often the experience of being truly heard. There are stories behind the things we do and the feelings we have. We usually know parts of these stories, but therapy helps us to know more. As we come to know more, we gain more control, and it becomes easier to meet life’s challenges. Additionally, we become better at seeing people and situations for what they really are, which helps us to avoid ruts at work and in our relationships.
The start of therapy is often a painful or stressful time. I will work with you to improve your current life and increase your future resilience. I believe the foundation of this work is often the experience of being truly heard. There are stories behind the things we do and the feelings we have. We usually know parts of these stories, but therapy helps us to know more. As we come to know more, we gain more control, and it becomes easier to meet life’s challenges. Additionally, we become better at seeing people and situations for what they really are, which helps us to avoid ruts at work and in our relationships.
(872) 278-3762 x9 View (872) 278-3762 x9
Photo of Emma Coate, LCSW - Lake Park Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Emma Coate, LCSW - Lake Park Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615
Waitlist for new clients
I understand that making the decision to begin therapy can be as daunting as it is positive. I will provide a warm, supportive space to begin to sort out life's challenges. I believe that everyone has the resilient capacity to create change and will help guide clients toward healthy goals by letting go of past issues, negative thoughts, and/or unwanted behaviors. As an experienced, licensed psychotherapist with a masters degree in clinical social work from the University of Chicago, I have been a practicing social worker since 2004 and a psychotherapist since 2011.
I understand that making the decision to begin therapy can be as daunting as it is positive. I will provide a warm, supportive space to begin to sort out life's challenges. I believe that everyone has the resilient capacity to create change and will help guide clients toward healthy goals by letting go of past issues, negative thoughts, and/or unwanted behaviors. As an experienced, licensed psychotherapist with a masters degree in clinical social work from the University of Chicago, I have been a practicing social worker since 2004 and a psychotherapist since 2011.
(708) 501-6963 View (708) 501-6963
Photo of Centro Castillo for Personal & Family Wellbeing, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Centro Castillo for Personal & Family Wellbeing
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
At Centro Castillo for Personal and Family Wellbeing, our therapists strongly believe that we understand a person as part of their culture and family upbringing. Together we will discover what motivates you and use this knowledge to increase self-awareness in how you feel, think and act. With this insight, the ultimate goal is make the best decisions that will leave you feeling better and live a happier life. With 14 therapist in 3 offices throughout the city (Lakeview, Pilsen, and near Oak Park) we look forward to helping you and your family.
At Centro Castillo for Personal and Family Wellbeing, our therapists strongly believe that we understand a person as part of their culture and family upbringing. Together we will discover what motivates you and use this knowledge to increase self-awareness in how you feel, think and act. With this insight, the ultimate goal is make the best decisions that will leave you feeling better and live a happier life. With 14 therapist in 3 offices throughout the city (Lakeview, Pilsen, and near Oak Park) we look forward to helping you and your family.
(773) 622-6218 View (773) 622-6218
Photo of Natalia DeSouza, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Natalia DeSouza
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606
Welcome! I believe the path to growth and healing is unique to everyone, and that individuals are the ultimate experts on their lives. I am passionate about working collaboratively with clients struggling with a range of challenges such as depression, anxiety, trauma, peer/relational difficulties, life adjustment/transitions, work-life balance, and identity exploration. I am committed to building safe and trusting relationships, while providing an accepting environment for my clients to begin working towards positive change.
Welcome! I believe the path to growth and healing is unique to everyone, and that individuals are the ultimate experts on their lives. I am passionate about working collaboratively with clients struggling with a range of challenges such as depression, anxiety, trauma, peer/relational difficulties, life adjustment/transitions, work-life balance, and identity exploration. I am committed to building safe and trusting relationships, while providing an accepting environment for my clients to begin working towards positive change.
(312) 626-6623 View (312) 626-6623
Photo of Kip Burgess, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Kip Burgess
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60660  (Online Only)
I am a CBT and ACT-informed therapist who wants to help adults of any age to live a more fulfilling life. I enjoy working with people who are struggling with things like stress, sadness or worrying and are curious to find another way to tackle those issues. I want to work with each client to find specific, tailored goals and then use the time in therapy to help clients achieve them. I am eager to help clients examine their values and make changes in their life. Aligning actions with values can make life so much more meaningful. I hope you find me to be a friendly, knowledgeable, and caring professional.
I am a CBT and ACT-informed therapist who wants to help adults of any age to live a more fulfilling life. I enjoy working with people who are struggling with things like stress, sadness or worrying and are curious to find another way to tackle those issues. I want to work with each client to find specific, tailored goals and then use the time in therapy to help clients achieve them. I am eager to help clients examine their values and make changes in their life. Aligning actions with values can make life so much more meaningful. I hope you find me to be a friendly, knowledgeable, and caring professional.
(872) 240-5986 View (872) 240-5986

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.