Therapists in Austin, TX

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Photo of Tracey H Mccullick, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Tracey H Mccullick
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
As a psychotherapist I strive to assist my clients in the process of becoming more whole in all aspects of their lives. My primary training is as an art therapist and I use an integrative approach to promote healing. I find that enhancing talk therapy with experiential methods gives my clients the freedom to express their deepest selves. Within the therapeutic relationship we can find the existing internal nuances and textures that make us all unique and valuable. My work includes seeing individual adults who have depression/anxiety, past trauma, addiction related issues and relationship challenges.
As a psychotherapist I strive to assist my clients in the process of becoming more whole in all aspects of their lives. My primary training is as an art therapist and I use an integrative approach to promote healing. I find that enhancing talk therapy with experiential methods gives my clients the freedom to express their deepest selves. Within the therapeutic relationship we can find the existing internal nuances and textures that make us all unique and valuable. My work includes seeing individual adults who have depression/anxiety, past trauma, addiction related issues and relationship challenges.
(512) 337-4798 View (512) 337-4798
Photo of Dara Hendon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Dara Hendon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78724  (Online Only)
I work with individuals, couples and groups wanting to increase depth and intimacy in their relationships, through skill building and understanding. I am a Gottman Level I trained clinician and a sexual health specialist. I believe everyone has the right to have satisfactory sexual health. My own personal journey of having to navigate the journey alone, has led me to be able to provide a supportive, non-judgmental atmosphere for others to express their sexual health needs. I am here to help adults dealing with sexual health issues, which can lead to anxiety and depression.
I work with individuals, couples and groups wanting to increase depth and intimacy in their relationships, through skill building and understanding. I am a Gottman Level I trained clinician and a sexual health specialist. I believe everyone has the right to have satisfactory sexual health. My own personal journey of having to navigate the journey alone, has led me to be able to provide a supportive, non-judgmental atmosphere for others to express their sexual health needs. I am here to help adults dealing with sexual health issues, which can lead to anxiety and depression.
(737) 259-7572 View (737) 259-7572
Photo of Bianca Bentzin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Bianca Bentzin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78750
Accepting new COUPLES clients. I provide caring support to individuals and couples. I strive to join clients where ever they are on their emotional and mental health journey without judgment or agenda. With couples therapy, I use my training in Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy & Gottman Couples Therapy to help couples learn to break unhealthy relationship patterns, learn new ways to communicate and deepen their emotional connection. I also work with individuals who are transitioning out of a relationship or into a new one and individuals seeking healing from anxiety, grief, trauma, loss or life transitions.
Accepting new COUPLES clients. I provide caring support to individuals and couples. I strive to join clients where ever they are on their emotional and mental health journey without judgment or agenda. With couples therapy, I use my training in Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy & Gottman Couples Therapy to help couples learn to break unhealthy relationship patterns, learn new ways to communicate and deepen their emotional connection. I also work with individuals who are transitioning out of a relationship or into a new one and individuals seeking healing from anxiety, grief, trauma, loss or life transitions.
(737) 204-3449 View (737) 204-3449
Photo of Katie Graff, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Katie Graff
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746  (Online Only)
Looking for more balance, meaning, and/or self-awareness in your life? Many of us already possess the knowledge, strengths, and resources to resolve our own problems; however, a trained and supportive professional can help identify tools and strengths as well as assist with improving coping skills. My role is to provide gentle guidance and encouragement to clients that are struggling or are facing challenges. I work to create a nurturing and safe environment that creates a comfortable place where we can explore issues and any negativity that may be getting in the way of leading a more meaningful and fulfilling life.
Looking for more balance, meaning, and/or self-awareness in your life? Many of us already possess the knowledge, strengths, and resources to resolve our own problems; however, a trained and supportive professional can help identify tools and strengths as well as assist with improving coping skills. My role is to provide gentle guidance and encouragement to clients that are struggling or are facing challenges. I work to create a nurturing and safe environment that creates a comfortable place where we can explore issues and any negativity that may be getting in the way of leading a more meaningful and fulfilling life.
(737) 210-5394 View (737) 210-5394
Photo of Griselda Ruvalcaba, Counselor in Austin, TX
Griselda Ruvalcaba
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
I am a person-centered, bilingual counselor that is fluent in both Spanish and English. I am warm, empathetic and also have experience as a school counselor.
I am a person-centered, bilingual counselor that is fluent in both Spanish and English. I am warm, empathetic and also have experience as a school counselor.
(512) 722-7601 View (512) 722-7601
Photo of Kinga Kasprzyk, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Kinga Kasprzyk
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
You may be anxious about therapy, so let’s address some common ‘what ifs’ about judgement or failure. I’m here to be present for you; to listen with an open mind and open heart. I will have human reactions to things you say, not because I'm judging you but because I'm fully engaged in hearing your story. There is no such thing as failing at therapy because every conversation is impactful. And yes, it's true that you may feel worse before you feel better, and I promise to guide you along the way. What if we're not a good fit? Don’t worry, I’ll do my best to help you find a therapist better suited for you. You deserve to be well.
You may be anxious about therapy, so let’s address some common ‘what ifs’ about judgement or failure. I’m here to be present for you; to listen with an open mind and open heart. I will have human reactions to things you say, not because I'm judging you but because I'm fully engaged in hearing your story. There is no such thing as failing at therapy because every conversation is impactful. And yes, it's true that you may feel worse before you feel better, and I promise to guide you along the way. What if we're not a good fit? Don’t worry, I’ll do my best to help you find a therapist better suited for you. You deserve to be well.
(512) 361-5134 View (512) 361-5134
Photo of Candace Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Candace Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
Are you tired of strong emotional reactions running your life? Do you want to break behavioral and emotional patterns that you feel stuck in? I work with people who want more control over their emotions and behaviors, and who want to be happier and more at ease. Now offering Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy for those with treatment resistant depression, OCD, anxiety, PTSD, and chronic pain.
Are you tired of strong emotional reactions running your life? Do you want to break behavioral and emotional patterns that you feel stuck in? I work with people who want more control over their emotions and behaviors, and who want to be happier and more at ease. Now offering Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy for those with treatment resistant depression, OCD, anxiety, PTSD, and chronic pain.
(512) 309-7489 View (512) 309-7489
Photo of Dr. Ryne Pulido, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Dr. Ryne Pulido
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
Your struggle is real. Many of my clients struggle with intense emotional pain stemming from feelings of unlovability and fear of rejection. Their pain acts like an emotional dictator that commands them to withdraw from friends, family, work, school, hobbies, passions, interests, and other activities that make life worth living. Increasingly distant from their values (who they want to be deep inside their hearts) and goals (what they want to accomplish), they feel directionless and unsure of their best life because they’re so focused on protecting themselves from emotional pain.
Your struggle is real. Many of my clients struggle with intense emotional pain stemming from feelings of unlovability and fear of rejection. Their pain acts like an emotional dictator that commands them to withdraw from friends, family, work, school, hobbies, passions, interests, and other activities that make life worth living. Increasingly distant from their values (who they want to be deep inside their hearts) and goals (what they want to accomplish), they feel directionless and unsure of their best life because they’re so focused on protecting themselves from emotional pain.
(512) 729-1859 View (512) 729-1859
Photo of Anne Marie Jennings, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Anne Marie Jennings
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
I approach therapy as a partnership with my clients in which you are the ultimate decision maker and I work with you to clear away obstacles and identify opportunities. My clients have successfully overcome or managed depression, anxiety, OCD, trauma, marital stress, parent-child difficulties, domestic violence, substance abuse, bipolar disorder, and anger issues.
I approach therapy as a partnership with my clients in which you are the ultimate decision maker and I work with you to clear away obstacles and identify opportunities. My clients have successfully overcome or managed depression, anxiety, OCD, trauma, marital stress, parent-child difficulties, domestic violence, substance abuse, bipolar disorder, and anger issues.
(512) 430-4524 View (512) 430-4524
Photo of Sarah Kerwin Carlin, LPC Associate in Austin, TX
Sarah Kerwin Carlin
LPC Associate, LPC A, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
Are you struggling with your intimate relationships? As an adult this can be relationships with a romantic partner, family, socially with friends, or even at work. Are you seeking to re-connect with your partner? Perhaps you're a parent wanting to connect and understand your child better? Or maybe you're looking back on your childhood and wishing you could heal old wounds? As an adult, our intimate relationships can be a real pain point in our daily lives and relational issues can present themselves in various ways and situations. Whatever your unique situation is I am here to help and walk alongside you on your healing journey.
Are you struggling with your intimate relationships? As an adult this can be relationships with a romantic partner, family, socially with friends, or even at work. Are you seeking to re-connect with your partner? Perhaps you're a parent wanting to connect and understand your child better? Or maybe you're looking back on your childhood and wishing you could heal old wounds? As an adult, our intimate relationships can be a real pain point in our daily lives and relational issues can present themselves in various ways and situations. Whatever your unique situation is I am here to help and walk alongside you on your healing journey.
(512) 883-2582 View (512) 883-2582
Photo of Michelle Ortiz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Michelle Ortiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
Has your sense of safety and security been compromised by trauma or adverse childhood experiences? Or perhaps lately you have been feeling “off” and are unsure what is wrong. Whether the issue you are experiencing is big or small, my objective is to create a safe space where we can collaborate to resolve any obstacles in the way of living the life you want. I specialize in working with individuals who have lived through traumatic experiences and/or struggle with depression, anxiety, stress or chronic pain that affects their well-being.
Has your sense of safety and security been compromised by trauma or adverse childhood experiences? Or perhaps lately you have been feeling “off” and are unsure what is wrong. Whether the issue you are experiencing is big or small, my objective is to create a safe space where we can collaborate to resolve any obstacles in the way of living the life you want. I specialize in working with individuals who have lived through traumatic experiences and/or struggle with depression, anxiety, stress or chronic pain that affects their well-being.
(512) 607-7611 View (512) 607-7611
Photo of Karen M Curtin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Karen M Curtin
Licensed Professional Counselor, BFA, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78754  (Online Only)
Achieve your highest potential! Create the life you want to live! Release tension, alleviate suffering, heal relationships, calm stress, enhance creativity, improve performance. As a clinical therapist in psychology, I am dedicated to guiding you through growth and change. As an artist I embrace creativity, which encourages you to approach your transformation with a fresh perspective, switching from negative thinking and limiting beliefs to positive thinking and highly effective beliefs. Through my yoga practice I continue to develop an understanding of mind-body-spirit connection.
Achieve your highest potential! Create the life you want to live! Release tension, alleviate suffering, heal relationships, calm stress, enhance creativity, improve performance. As a clinical therapist in psychology, I am dedicated to guiding you through growth and change. As an artist I embrace creativity, which encourages you to approach your transformation with a fresh perspective, switching from negative thinking and limiting beliefs to positive thinking and highly effective beliefs. Through my yoga practice I continue to develop an understanding of mind-body-spirit connection.
(512) 488-5751 View (512) 488-5751
Photo of Rebecca Ramming, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Rebecca Ramming
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CGP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78703
Are you struggling with recent personal or societal events, past or present traumas or losses, life transitions, or general life stressors? Do you need help navigating how to deal with these things in a productive, meaningful, or healthy way? Then you have come to the right place and I am happy you are here. We can expect to experience at least one or all of the above issues at some point in our lives, but we are not expected to endure them alone. I enjoy helping people who are struggling with grief, anxiety, boundaries, life transitions, & illness to name a few; while providing a warm, safe space for you to be authentic and heard.
Are you struggling with recent personal or societal events, past or present traumas or losses, life transitions, or general life stressors? Do you need help navigating how to deal with these things in a productive, meaningful, or healthy way? Then you have come to the right place and I am happy you are here. We can expect to experience at least one or all of the above issues at some point in our lives, but we are not expected to endure them alone. I enjoy helping people who are struggling with grief, anxiety, boundaries, life transitions, & illness to name a few; while providing a warm, safe space for you to be authentic and heard.
(844) 948-3889 View (844) 948-3889
Photo of Allison H Turner, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Austin, TX
Allison H Turner
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78748  (Online Only)
Beginning a new chapter in life can be challenging- I know first-hand how difficult new transitions in life can be. Hi there! My name is Allison, I want to congratulate your strength and resiliency in seeking therapy. Therapy can sometimes be nerve-racking and even daunting at first, though as time progresses therapy can be full of happiness, relief, positivity, and self-growth. It is my hope that together we are able to work throughout your therapy, to establish a positive therapeutic relationship and reach goals that you have set that will further assist you in years to come.
Beginning a new chapter in life can be challenging- I know first-hand how difficult new transitions in life can be. Hi there! My name is Allison, I want to congratulate your strength and resiliency in seeking therapy. Therapy can sometimes be nerve-racking and even daunting at first, though as time progresses therapy can be full of happiness, relief, positivity, and self-growth. It is my hope that together we are able to work throughout your therapy, to establish a positive therapeutic relationship and reach goals that you have set that will further assist you in years to come.
(512) 859-5205 View (512) 859-5205
Photo of Deirdre S Allen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Deirdre S Allen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMT, CHT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
Do you keep recycling the same issues in relationships? Can't seem to move forward or achieve your heart's desire in life/career? Do you long for deeper connection with others but feel blocked by heart wounds and limiting beliefs? Building a relationship with someone who truly cares and believes in your healing is an important first step. Armed with a gentle presence and a ready laugh, I strive to create an environment where clients can get excited about the process and the change it creates!
Do you keep recycling the same issues in relationships? Can't seem to move forward or achieve your heart's desire in life/career? Do you long for deeper connection with others but feel blocked by heart wounds and limiting beliefs? Building a relationship with someone who truly cares and believes in your healing is an important first step. Armed with a gentle presence and a ready laugh, I strive to create an environment where clients can get excited about the process and the change it creates!
(512) 865-6429 View (512) 865-6429
Photo of Jane Armstrong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Jane Armstrong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
If you have ended a wanted pregnancy, you are welcome & deserving of compassion, healing, & community. Termination for medical reasons (TFMR), or ending a wanted pregnancy due to the health of the baby or the pregnant person, is uniquely complex & results in the devastating loss of a much loved baby & future. You may feel much of the same pain & silencing that other pregnancy & infant loss parents do. You may also feel additional layers of shame, fear, & judgment due to the politicized nature of the loss, the idea that you had to make a “choice,” & the lack of safe & inclusive communities & resources available to support you.
If you have ended a wanted pregnancy, you are welcome & deserving of compassion, healing, & community. Termination for medical reasons (TFMR), or ending a wanted pregnancy due to the health of the baby or the pregnant person, is uniquely complex & results in the devastating loss of a much loved baby & future. You may feel much of the same pain & silencing that other pregnancy & infant loss parents do. You may also feel additional layers of shame, fear, & judgment due to the politicized nature of the loss, the idea that you had to make a “choice,” & the lack of safe & inclusive communities & resources available to support you.
(512) 881-8714 View (512) 881-8714
Photo of L. Pattison Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Austin, TX
L. Pattison Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78750
Do you feel like you and your partner are caught in a cycle of arguing and conflict, feeling disconnected from each other, have communication issues, or are lacking affection and intimacy? Are you hoping to get your relationship back to a more unified place? Attending Couples counseling can help you reconnect with each other and work through those challenges.
Do you feel like you and your partner are caught in a cycle of arguing and conflict, feeling disconnected from each other, have communication issues, or are lacking affection and intimacy? Are you hoping to get your relationship back to a more unified place? Attending Couples counseling can help you reconnect with each other and work through those challenges.
(407) 410-3658 View (407) 410-3658
Photo of Jonathan Sosa, Licensed Master Social Worker in Austin, TX
Jonathan Sosa
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
I’m a therapist and clinical social worker, LMSW, under the clinical supervision of Katherine Clay, LCSWS. I have experience working with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, attachment disruptions, past traumatic or adverse experiences, low self-esteem & grief/loss. I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy with an emphasis on neurodevelopment.
I’m a therapist and clinical social worker, LMSW, under the clinical supervision of Katherine Clay, LCSWS. I have experience working with individuals who struggle with depression, anxiety, attachment disruptions, past traumatic or adverse experiences, low self-esteem & grief/loss. I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy with an emphasis on neurodevelopment.
(806) 557-2607 View (806) 557-2607
Photo of Ilicia Balaban, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Ilicia Balaban
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78759
We all begin the therapeutic journey with our own set of strengths and needs. Sometimes our uniqueness promotes creativity, new perspectives, and collaboration. Other times our uniqueness can be terminal; leading to emptiness, feeling disconnected from self and others, and beliefs that mental health treatment may work for other people, but it won’t work for you. Therapy is not about “getting over” events and issues; it’s about understanding your triggers and learning how to manage your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors so that you can move forward and continue to build a fulfilling life.
We all begin the therapeutic journey with our own set of strengths and needs. Sometimes our uniqueness promotes creativity, new perspectives, and collaboration. Other times our uniqueness can be terminal; leading to emptiness, feeling disconnected from self and others, and beliefs that mental health treatment may work for other people, but it won’t work for you. Therapy is not about “getting over” events and issues; it’s about understanding your triggers and learning how to manage your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors so that you can move forward and continue to build a fulfilling life.
(512) 764-0744 View (512) 764-0744
Photo of Jasmin Estrada, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Jasmin Estrada
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78752  (Online Only)
Hi there and welcome! Reaching out is one of the hardest steps, but I truly believe everyone can benefit from therapy. We all face tough situations, and talking through those situations with someone who can offer support in a non-judgmental, unbiased way can be extremely helpful. Since multiple factors affect how people respond to different experiences, it is essential that your treatment plan be individualized for your specific situation. Regardless of what brings you into therapy, I strive to offer these individualized plans by pulling from various therapy modalities while including you every step the way.
Hi there and welcome! Reaching out is one of the hardest steps, but I truly believe everyone can benefit from therapy. We all face tough situations, and talking through those situations with someone who can offer support in a non-judgmental, unbiased way can be extremely helpful. Since multiple factors affect how people respond to different experiences, it is essential that your treatment plan be individualized for your specific situation. Regardless of what brings you into therapy, I strive to offer these individualized plans by pulling from various therapy modalities while including you every step the way.
(254) 970-0275 View (254) 970-0275

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Austin, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Austin, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Austin, TX see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Austin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.