Therapists in San Antonio, TX

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Photo of Carmelle S Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Carmelle S Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78229  (Online Only)
Have there been times when you feel off? Overwhelmed or stressed about your relationships, your parenting, job, school and so on? Life can take us on an emotional roller-coaster at times. It is easy to feel like everything you are doing is wrong or even feel as if you have no one to express your true feelings to without feeling judged. Asking for help can be tough. Healing is a process and there is no due date on it. I have experience working with adults, adolescents, and children in psychiatric settings. I have a background in Child Protective Services working with families and finding long term permanency for the children.
Have there been times when you feel off? Overwhelmed or stressed about your relationships, your parenting, job, school and so on? Life can take us on an emotional roller-coaster at times. It is easy to feel like everything you are doing is wrong or even feel as if you have no one to express your true feelings to without feeling judged. Asking for help can be tough. Healing is a process and there is no due date on it. I have experience working with adults, adolescents, and children in psychiatric settings. I have a background in Child Protective Services working with families and finding long term permanency for the children.
(210) 794-8371 View (210) 794-8371
Photo of Healing Minds Behavioral Health, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Healing Minds Behavioral Health, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, TF-CBT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78238
"How can I help my child?... What should I expect?... Are we the only one's who are going through this?... Will my child get better?... Is there help for this?..." I hear these questions very frequently from concerned parents who want the very best for their child, and perhaps you resonate with some, or all of these, as well. I offer support and safety to walk through the tough stuff and direction for real, positive change. Perhaps your child is struggling with anxiety, having difficulty making friends, or you just want to talk with a professional to make sure your child is on track. Whatever the circumstance may be, we are here.
"How can I help my child?... What should I expect?... Are we the only one's who are going through this?... Will my child get better?... Is there help for this?..." I hear these questions very frequently from concerned parents who want the very best for their child, and perhaps you resonate with some, or all of these, as well. I offer support and safety to walk through the tough stuff and direction for real, positive change. Perhaps your child is struggling with anxiety, having difficulty making friends, or you just want to talk with a professional to make sure your child is on track. Whatever the circumstance may be, we are here.
(210) 899-5259 View (210) 899-5259
Photo of Leo Royzman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Leo Royzman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78230
Symptoms such as anxiety, anger, sadness, overthinking, self-criticism, despair, escapism, and self-injury freeze your ability to be fully you. They affect you at work or school, how you relate to others and how you view yourself. Psychotherapy with it's various modalities is the best approach to reduce symptoms, find better behaviors, and self-heal.
Symptoms such as anxiety, anger, sadness, overthinking, self-criticism, despair, escapism, and self-injury freeze your ability to be fully you. They affect you at work or school, how you relate to others and how you view yourself. Psychotherapy with it's various modalities is the best approach to reduce symptoms, find better behaviors, and self-heal.
(726) 600-8862 View (726) 600-8862
Photo of Leah Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Leah Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78245  (Online Only)
Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Texas, holding a Master's degree from the University of Texas at San Antonio.
Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Texas, holding a Master's degree from the University of Texas at San Antonio.
(832) 979-5443 View (832) 979-5443
Photo of Michelle S. Saunders, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Michelle S. Saunders
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78260  (Online Only)
My objective is to offer mental health therapy through respect and understanding when you are ready to live your best life. Specialties include couples, adolescents, LBGTQ+, communication issues, depression, anxiety and "overthinking." I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Texas. I offer telehealth and night appointments. Call for a FREE consultation.
My objective is to offer mental health therapy through respect and understanding when you are ready to live your best life. Specialties include couples, adolescents, LBGTQ+, communication issues, depression, anxiety and "overthinking." I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Texas. I offer telehealth and night appointments. Call for a FREE consultation.
(210) 864-7772 View (210) 864-7772
Photo of Kenneth Parker, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Kenneth Parker
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78251  (Online Only)
One of the most important decision you can make in life is the decision to ask for help. The fact of the matter is we all need help from time to time. As a counselor, I provide guidance and assistance in resolving personal, social and psychological problems. I am committed to work you to find solutions. My primary modalities are solution focused therapy, CBT and EMDR.
One of the most important decision you can make in life is the decision to ask for help. The fact of the matter is we all need help from time to time. As a counselor, I provide guidance and assistance in resolving personal, social and psychological problems. I am committed to work you to find solutions. My primary modalities are solution focused therapy, CBT and EMDR.
(210) 934-0240 View (210) 934-0240
Photo of Diane Dunn Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Diane Dunn Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78232
Are you struggling with stress, anxiety or depression? If these issues are getting to be more than you can handle alone, reach out for help from an impartial, empathetic person who can listen and help you develop healthy coping skills, set reachable goals, and improve communication with family, friends and colleagues. I specialize in counseling children, adolescents and their families, using a holistic approach that looks at the whole person, their family, their environment, and their needs. I offer individual or family therapy, incorporating client centered therapy, cognitive behavioral techniques, dialectical behavior therapy, and play therapy. Certified health coach, also integrate wellness techniques.
Are you struggling with stress, anxiety or depression? If these issues are getting to be more than you can handle alone, reach out for help from an impartial, empathetic person who can listen and help you develop healthy coping skills, set reachable goals, and improve communication with family, friends and colleagues. I specialize in counseling children, adolescents and their families, using a holistic approach that looks at the whole person, their family, their environment, and their needs. I offer individual or family therapy, incorporating client centered therapy, cognitive behavioral techniques, dialectical behavior therapy, and play therapy. Certified health coach, also integrate wellness techniques.
(210) 816-4168 View (210) 816-4168
Photo of Russel L Thompson, Psychologist in San Antonio, TX
Russel L Thompson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78232
I am a psychologist in a group of mental health clinicians. I have a PhD in psychology and have been licensed since 2003. My colleagues and I provide neuropsychological and psychological assessment and psychotherapy. Neuropsychological assessments help people with memory, attention, and learning problems. Psychological assessments are available for pre-surgical evaluations for medical treatments including spinal cord stimulators pain management, bariatric weight loss, and seizure control. My therapy roster is small and is focused on long-term, insight-oriented work. You can learn more about me and my colleagues at www.sa-mh.com
I am a psychologist in a group of mental health clinicians. I have a PhD in psychology and have been licensed since 2003. My colleagues and I provide neuropsychological and psychological assessment and psychotherapy. Neuropsychological assessments help people with memory, attention, and learning problems. Psychological assessments are available for pre-surgical evaluations for medical treatments including spinal cord stimulators pain management, bariatric weight loss, and seizure control. My therapy roster is small and is focused on long-term, insight-oriented work. You can learn more about me and my colleagues at www.sa-mh.com
(210) 853-5898 View (210) 853-5898
Photo of Salina Loriaux Art Therapist, Art Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Salina Loriaux Art Therapist
Art Therapist, MPS, LPC-AT, ATR-BC, CCST-T
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78213
Salina received her Masters in Creative Arts Therapy from Pratt Institute. She is a Texas Licensed Professional Counselor/Supervisor, Board Certified Art Therapist and Certified Clinical SandTray Therapist-Trainer specializing in mindfulness, overcoming trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and working with the military. She is a Military Veteran, a member of the American Art Therapy Association and on the current board of the South Texas Art Therapy Association and Texas SandTray Association.
Salina received her Masters in Creative Arts Therapy from Pratt Institute. She is a Texas Licensed Professional Counselor/Supervisor, Board Certified Art Therapist and Certified Clinical SandTray Therapist-Trainer specializing in mindfulness, overcoming trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and working with the military. She is a Military Veteran, a member of the American Art Therapy Association and on the current board of the South Texas Art Therapy Association and Texas SandTray Association.
(210) 686-5585 View (210) 686-5585
Photo of Ramona Leonards, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Ramona Leonards
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78231  (Online Only)
Hi, I have enjoyed a career in the Mental Health Field working with Children, Adolescents, and their families. I consider it a privilege to walk with people as they learn more about themselves and grow confidence in their own abilities. I have worked in private and public community agencies with outpatient services. My areas of experience are teenagers/young adults, seeking to find their voice, come out of their shells and grow into healthy adults. I also have experince working with adults in all stages of life, who are trying to find peace and balance in their lives.
Hi, I have enjoyed a career in the Mental Health Field working with Children, Adolescents, and their families. I consider it a privilege to walk with people as they learn more about themselves and grow confidence in their own abilities. I have worked in private and public community agencies with outpatient services. My areas of experience are teenagers/young adults, seeking to find their voice, come out of their shells and grow into healthy adults. I also have experince working with adults in all stages of life, who are trying to find peace and balance in their lives.
(210) 934-0939 View (210) 934-0939
Photo of Heather Watkins, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Heather Watkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78259
Seeking help and finding the right therapist for you can be a daunting and challenging process. The key to positive, lasting change is finding a therapist who will tailor your treatment based on your individual needs and strengths, and help you overcome the behaviors and thoughts that are getting in your way. You need someone who will listen and understand you without judgment, support you through these changes, be honest with you, and challenge you when needed.
Seeking help and finding the right therapist for you can be a daunting and challenging process. The key to positive, lasting change is finding a therapist who will tailor your treatment based on your individual needs and strengths, and help you overcome the behaviors and thoughts that are getting in your way. You need someone who will listen and understand you without judgment, support you through these changes, be honest with you, and challenge you when needed.
(512) 714-3403 View (512) 714-3403
Photo of Michelle Klein, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Michelle Klein
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78232
I know finding the right therapist can be challenging. I would like to help you feel more confident in making that decision. My style is warm, supportive, and collaborative. I strive to make my office a safe place from which to explore the obstacles interfering with your ability to lead a happy and satisfying life. I believe that much emotional stress stems from attention to fearful assumptions which can distract us from our present experience. By recognizing strengths and honing insight, I can help you resolve fears, make thoughtful decisions, improve your mood and sense of ownership over your experiences.
I know finding the right therapist can be challenging. I would like to help you feel more confident in making that decision. My style is warm, supportive, and collaborative. I strive to make my office a safe place from which to explore the obstacles interfering with your ability to lead a happy and satisfying life. I believe that much emotional stress stems from attention to fearful assumptions which can distract us from our present experience. By recognizing strengths and honing insight, I can help you resolve fears, make thoughtful decisions, improve your mood and sense of ownership over your experiences.
(210) 579-9893 View (210) 579-9893
Photo of Deborah Loukas, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Deborah Loukas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, PLLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Have you been going to therapy for years, yet find yourself still struggling? Perhaps you're highly emotional, angry, anxious, depressed, avoiding, having distressing habits, or feeling hopeless like life isn't worth living. These behaviors are common with individuals who have experienced trauma, abuse, neglect, or who have had highly stressful or difficulties with family of origin, all of which can compromise your sense of self, safety, and your ability to maintain healthy relationships with those you love the most. Know that you are not alone, and that I can help.
Have you been going to therapy for years, yet find yourself still struggling? Perhaps you're highly emotional, angry, anxious, depressed, avoiding, having distressing habits, or feeling hopeless like life isn't worth living. These behaviors are common with individuals who have experienced trauma, abuse, neglect, or who have had highly stressful or difficulties with family of origin, all of which can compromise your sense of self, safety, and your ability to maintain healthy relationships with those you love the most. Know that you are not alone, and that I can help.
(844) 332-6458 View (844) 332-6458
Photo of Leslie Palmer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Leslie Palmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ACSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78258  (Online Only)
Battling with your anxiety makes being a young person today harder than ever before. You are juggling shifting friendships, school demands, community responsibilities and family expectations, all while trying to cope with feelings of constant worry, dread, and/or panic. Having a safe and accepting space to be boldly honest about your feelings while learning how to effectively manage and master your anxiety is what I offer in counseling. Together we will talk through your fears and co-create a plan to learn effective skills and move towards positive change. I’m honored to partner with you in taking these first steps.
Battling with your anxiety makes being a young person today harder than ever before. You are juggling shifting friendships, school demands, community responsibilities and family expectations, all while trying to cope with feelings of constant worry, dread, and/or panic. Having a safe and accepting space to be boldly honest about your feelings while learning how to effectively manage and master your anxiety is what I offer in counseling. Together we will talk through your fears and co-create a plan to learn effective skills and move towards positive change. I’m honored to partner with you in taking these first steps.
(786) 244-7347 View (786) 244-7347
Photo of Jenifer James, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Jenifer James
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
I formally provided counseling services in-home, at a university college clinic, within a community healthcare clinic, and in virtual private practice. I have experience in helping clients cope with addictions, relationship issues, motivation, self-esteem, identity, confidence, and depression. I work with couples to repair trust, improve communication, and strengthen their emotional intimacy with each other. My main focus of therapy is providing a safe place for vulnerability, exploration, and building upon the skills you already possess.
I formally provided counseling services in-home, at a university college clinic, within a community healthcare clinic, and in virtual private practice. I have experience in helping clients cope with addictions, relationship issues, motivation, self-esteem, identity, confidence, and depression. I work with couples to repair trust, improve communication, and strengthen their emotional intimacy with each other. My main focus of therapy is providing a safe place for vulnerability, exploration, and building upon the skills you already possess.
(469) 772-9421 View (469) 772-9421
Photo of Noemi Nandin, MA, LPC, Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Noemi Nandin, MA, LPC
Counselor, MA, LPC, (EMDR, KAP)
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78212
Hello, and welcome to a safe space for healing and growth. I'm Noemi, and I specialize in guiding individuals through life's most challenging and sensitive experiences. As a compassionate therapist, my primary focus areas include trauma, anxiety, depression, and navigating life transitions. In our therapeutic journey together, we'll navigate the complexities of issues such as divorce, abusive relationships, employment termination, and the impact of childhood memories of traumatic events. I understand the significance of these challenges and approach each session with empathy, care, and a commitment to your well-being.
Hello, and welcome to a safe space for healing and growth. I'm Noemi, and I specialize in guiding individuals through life's most challenging and sensitive experiences. As a compassionate therapist, my primary focus areas include trauma, anxiety, depression, and navigating life transitions. In our therapeutic journey together, we'll navigate the complexities of issues such as divorce, abusive relationships, employment termination, and the impact of childhood memories of traumatic events. I understand the significance of these challenges and approach each session with empathy, care, and a commitment to your well-being.
(210) 794-0418 View (210) 794-0418
Photo of Jennifer Russell Baker, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Jennifer Russell Baker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCATP, CCTP
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78216  (Online Only)
I am a licensed professional counselor with certifications in trauma and anxiety. I take a holistic approach to mental health and work with clients to discover what they need in order to feel better about themselves and lead a more fulfilling life. My role as a therapist is to guide you on your mental health journey and teach you strategies and techniques that you can utilize in your daily life and beyond therapy.
I am a licensed professional counselor with certifications in trauma and anxiety. I take a holistic approach to mental health and work with clients to discover what they need in order to feel better about themselves and lead a more fulfilling life. My role as a therapist is to guide you on your mental health journey and teach you strategies and techniques that you can utilize in your daily life and beyond therapy.
(210) 942-5075 View (210) 942-5075
Photo of Patricia Carrillo Barnes, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Patricia Carrillo Barnes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78247
Life is a constant process of change. At times, the process can be difficult and painful. Other times, you can feel that you are at an impasse and don't know where to turn or what to do next. I can provide a private and safe place to talk. I am a spiritual person and I respect the spiritual orientation of my clieints. I utiilize brief, systemic (family or relationship), cognitive behavioral approaches. I strongly encourage you to see and believe in your goals, so that you can acheive them.
Life is a constant process of change. At times, the process can be difficult and painful. Other times, you can feel that you are at an impasse and don't know where to turn or what to do next. I can provide a private and safe place to talk. I am a spiritual person and I respect the spiritual orientation of my clieints. I utiilize brief, systemic (family or relationship), cognitive behavioral approaches. I strongly encourage you to see and believe in your goals, so that you can acheive them.
(210) 255-2010 View (210) 255-2010
Photo of Christine Barnes, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in San Antonio, TX
Christine Barnes
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, EMDRPT-, II
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78230  (Online Only)
I have a passion for helping people live their best life. Whether you are facing a big life transition or dealing with past trauma I am here to help. I am certified in EMDR and can aid you in moving through trauma. Are you looking at heading off to collage, getting married, having a baby, or simply trying to keep your head above water with the day-to-day tasks? I am here to help you navigate how to best handle life changes and thrive.
I have a passion for helping people live their best life. Whether you are facing a big life transition or dealing with past trauma I am here to help. I am certified in EMDR and can aid you in moving through trauma. Are you looking at heading off to collage, getting married, having a baby, or simply trying to keep your head above water with the day-to-day tasks? I am here to help you navigate how to best handle life changes and thrive.
(210) 934-6306 View (210) 934-6306
Photo of Oscar David Montoya Jr Lcsw-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Oscar David Montoya Jr Lcsw-S
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78264  (Online Only)
We live in a society that has made vulnerability seen as weakness, ironically, it is what allows us to be human and make connections. Do you feel a struggle in making connections? Do you struggle with overwhelming feelings of pain, anger, anxiety or depression, and feel like these are what define you? Do you feel like no one will ever understand, like you are detached from the world? Have you been through a traumatic experience, that robs you of freedom? Is motivation the issue, are you fatigued from attempts at change, but never having a guiding light?
We live in a society that has made vulnerability seen as weakness, ironically, it is what allows us to be human and make connections. Do you feel a struggle in making connections? Do you struggle with overwhelming feelings of pain, anger, anxiety or depression, and feel like these are what define you? Do you feel like no one will ever understand, like you are detached from the world? Have you been through a traumatic experience, that robs you of freedom? Is motivation the issue, are you fatigued from attempts at change, but never having a guiding light?
(830) 429-5394 View (830) 429-5394

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Antonio, TX

2,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in San Antonio, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
72% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
70% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
78% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Antonio, TX see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Antonio?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.