Therapists in Portland, OR

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Photo of Amelia Lund, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Amelia Lund
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97219  (Online Only)
Hi! I help people pleasers honor their caring nature while also valuing themselves. I am a believer in authentic relating and vulnerability in my work and would love to help you in your own personal and professional goals. I am a mindfulness based and long-term therapist who enjoys walking the journey of learning yourself and how to become more aligned with your values as you move through life. I specialize in people pleasers, religious questioning and deconstruction/ trauma and new therapists. please text or email for faster responses. I am a neurodivergent, LBGTQ member of society and love showing up for others.
Hi! I help people pleasers honor their caring nature while also valuing themselves. I am a believer in authentic relating and vulnerability in my work and would love to help you in your own personal and professional goals. I am a mindfulness based and long-term therapist who enjoys walking the journey of learning yourself and how to become more aligned with your values as you move through life. I specialize in people pleasers, religious questioning and deconstruction/ trauma and new therapists. please text or email for faster responses. I am a neurodivergent, LBGTQ member of society and love showing up for others.
(503) 455-8714 View (503) 455-8714
Photo of Tazma Ahmed-Datta, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Tazma Ahmed-Datta
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, PhD, EngLit
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97214
Life is challenging, sadness is real, unbelievable pain is real, and it can take this kind of raw encounter with life to discover our inner strength. I help my clients navigate challenges that inevitably arise, to find ways to deal with setbacks. My approach is heart-centered and mindfulness-based. If you are experiencing anxiety or depression, or struggling with memories of traumatic events, I can help you access your inherent capacity for healing and coming into your wholeness. You can re-experience beauty, restore meaning and purpose in your life.
Life is challenging, sadness is real, unbelievable pain is real, and it can take this kind of raw encounter with life to discover our inner strength. I help my clients navigate challenges that inevitably arise, to find ways to deal with setbacks. My approach is heart-centered and mindfulness-based. If you are experiencing anxiety or depression, or struggling with memories of traumatic events, I can help you access your inherent capacity for healing and coming into your wholeness. You can re-experience beauty, restore meaning and purpose in your life.
(503) 980-3562 View (503) 980-3562
Photo of Marcy Kokinda, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Portland, OR
Marcy Kokinda
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CADC-II, QMHA-II, CGAC-R
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97232
Accepting New Clients: Finding the right provider when you're struggling with substance abuse or a co-occurring disorder can be a daunting task, but I would like to take the fear and shame out of the process and let you know that change is possible if you're willing to take the first step. You may be someone seeking help for the first time or someone who has struggled with issues in the past, but no matter what brought you to this place, I would like to be an ally in your journey toward wellness. Client-centered therapy means that you get to be in control of the process, and I respect an individual's right to maintain autonomy.
Accepting New Clients: Finding the right provider when you're struggling with substance abuse or a co-occurring disorder can be a daunting task, but I would like to take the fear and shame out of the process and let you know that change is possible if you're willing to take the first step. You may be someone seeking help for the first time or someone who has struggled with issues in the past, but no matter what brought you to this place, I would like to be an ally in your journey toward wellness. Client-centered therapy means that you get to be in control of the process, and I respect an individual's right to maintain autonomy.
(503) 487-5052 View (503) 487-5052
Photo of Dr. Claudia Kritz, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Dr. Claudia Kritz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97225
I practice a dynamic style of therapy that is rooted in creating a supportive, caring environment where we establish a good working relationship that fosters self-awareness and insight. I work in-depth with you to discover how past family experiences may (often unconsciously) influence present day issues. We work to understand how difficult situations of the past contribute to longstanding frequently dysfunctional behavior patterns or negative self-perceptions. Therapy can help heal painful emotional wounds and relieve symptoms, improve self-acceptance and coping, improve relationship quality and overall life and work satisfaction.
I practice a dynamic style of therapy that is rooted in creating a supportive, caring environment where we establish a good working relationship that fosters self-awareness and insight. I work in-depth with you to discover how past family experiences may (often unconsciously) influence present day issues. We work to understand how difficult situations of the past contribute to longstanding frequently dysfunctional behavior patterns or negative self-perceptions. Therapy can help heal painful emotional wounds and relieve symptoms, improve self-acceptance and coping, improve relationship quality and overall life and work satisfaction.
(503) 852-9377 View (503) 852-9377
Photo of Elizabeth Armstrong, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Elizabeth Armstrong
Licensed Professional Counselor, ART-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97214  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients! I understand how hard it is to be a human and how our histories, relationships, and structural oppression impact our health and wellness. I am a firm believer that we grow throughout the lifespan and that it is never too late for change and recovery. I am particularly interested in working with folks struggling with identity (LGBTQIA+, white guilt, and major life changes which impact how we think about ourselves), depression and anxiety, trauma, and people who are embarking on the parenting journey.
Accepting new clients! I understand how hard it is to be a human and how our histories, relationships, and structural oppression impact our health and wellness. I am a firm believer that we grow throughout the lifespan and that it is never too late for change and recovery. I am particularly interested in working with folks struggling with identity (LGBTQIA+, white guilt, and major life changes which impact how we think about ourselves), depression and anxiety, trauma, and people who are embarking on the parenting journey.
(503) 714-9747 View (503) 714-9747
Photo of Jessie Weisstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Jessie Weisstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97217  (Online Only)
My clinical practice is trauma informed and person centered. I enjoy working with people who are navigating difficulties related to major life transitions, sexual and gender identity development, conflicts within their family of origin, relationship issues and surviving and healing from trauma. I also value and strive to work effectively across cultural, ethnic and racial identities.
My clinical practice is trauma informed and person centered. I enjoy working with people who are navigating difficulties related to major life transitions, sexual and gender identity development, conflicts within their family of origin, relationship issues and surviving and healing from trauma. I also value and strive to work effectively across cultural, ethnic and racial identities.
(971) 606-3579 View (971) 606-3579
Photo of Quinne Salameh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Quinne Salameh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97217  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Quinne. I have been in the Social Work field since 2006, and have focused most of my career in behavioral health and public health. I often spend a lot of time working with folx around healthy relationships, attachment, trauma healing, the complexities of identity, and I work from an anti-oppressive practice lens. I often bring considerations of intersectionality and privilege into the room. I identify as Queer and Biracial myself, and often support folx in these realms. I like to have a consultation with folx to see if we are a good fit, and think it's important for folx to find the therapist that is right for them.
Hello, I'm Quinne. I have been in the Social Work field since 2006, and have focused most of my career in behavioral health and public health. I often spend a lot of time working with folx around healthy relationships, attachment, trauma healing, the complexities of identity, and I work from an anti-oppressive practice lens. I often bring considerations of intersectionality and privilege into the room. I identify as Queer and Biracial myself, and often support folx in these realms. I like to have a consultation with folx to see if we are a good fit, and think it's important for folx to find the therapist that is right for them.
(971) 318-2816 View (971) 318-2816
Photo of Marissa Kendall, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portland, OR
Marissa Kendall
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97239
I believe in the power of feeling seen and supported. Everyone has the potential for growth; often, what's needed is a nurturing environment where you feel acknowledged and understood. Creating space that allows personal growth and self-discovery is what I strive to provide as a therapist.
I believe in the power of feeling seen and supported. Everyone has the potential for growth; often, what's needed is a nurturing environment where you feel acknowledged and understood. Creating space that allows personal growth and self-discovery is what I strive to provide as a therapist.
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Photo of Thomas Fuller, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Thomas Fuller, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, (Ca)
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97206
You may have worked your issues for a few years, or 10 or more: you’ve started to heal the childhood trauma and you’re experiencing a pretty good sense of stability in your life. But you’re ready for another round of work. Some things are pulling at you or prodding you and you’d like to get some guidance in taking the next step towards waking up in your deeper parts. Perhaps you’d like support in stepping out of the culture of blame that is so rampant right now. Maybe you’d like some help in bringing more kindness and generosity into your relationships and the world. You are wanting to be doing more of what you took birth to do.
You may have worked your issues for a few years, or 10 or more: you’ve started to heal the childhood trauma and you’re experiencing a pretty good sense of stability in your life. But you’re ready for another round of work. Some things are pulling at you or prodding you and you’d like to get some guidance in taking the next step towards waking up in your deeper parts. Perhaps you’d like support in stepping out of the culture of blame that is so rampant right now. Maybe you’d like some help in bringing more kindness and generosity into your relationships and the world. You are wanting to be doing more of what you took birth to do.
(503) 567-1838 View (503) 567-1838
Photo of Kombai Nonnarath, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portland, OR
Kombai Nonnarath
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97232  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the weight of past trauma, the challenges of life transitions, or the deep sorrow of grief? Life's journey can be filled with unexpected twists and turns, leaving us struggling to find our way. If you are seeking a compassionate and experienced guide to help you navigate these difficult moments, I am here to support you on your path to healing and growth.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by the weight of past trauma, the challenges of life transitions, or the deep sorrow of grief? Life's journey can be filled with unexpected twists and turns, leaving us struggling to find our way. If you are seeking a compassionate and experienced guide to help you navigate these difficult moments, I am here to support you on your path to healing and growth.
(503) 461-0187 View (503) 461-0187
Photo of Jeri Parks, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portland, OR
Jeri Parks
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97216  (Online Only)
At their core, most psychological and behavioral issues are issues of perception and attention, rather than issues of insight and understanding (The Body Keeps the Score). Implicit beliefs, thoughts, attitudes, feelings, intentions, memories, and images affect how you live and relate to your needs in either supportive or non-supportive ways. Liberate yourself from chronic patterns by accessing and re-informing the unconscious material which shapes your present experiences and relationships.
At their core, most psychological and behavioral issues are issues of perception and attention, rather than issues of insight and understanding (The Body Keeps the Score). Implicit beliefs, thoughts, attitudes, feelings, intentions, memories, and images affect how you live and relate to your needs in either supportive or non-supportive ways. Liberate yourself from chronic patterns by accessing and re-informing the unconscious material which shapes your present experiences and relationships.
(971) 571-5363 View (971) 571-5363
Photo of Laura O'Connor, Psychologist in Portland, OR
Laura O'Connor
Psychologist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97239
Currently Accepting New Clients! I provide individualized assessments for children, teens, and adults facing a wide range of neurocognitive, academic, social, and emotional challenges. I believe that psychological evaluations can play an integral role in deepening our self-awareness while illuminating a path to greater balance and optimal functioning. In my work, I use both clinical interviewing and psychometric testing to gain a comprehensive understanding of each individual. I consider all aspects of the person – from their biology and cognitive processes to their mood, relationships, and cultural influences.
Currently Accepting New Clients! I provide individualized assessments for children, teens, and adults facing a wide range of neurocognitive, academic, social, and emotional challenges. I believe that psychological evaluations can play an integral role in deepening our self-awareness while illuminating a path to greater balance and optimal functioning. In my work, I use both clinical interviewing and psychometric testing to gain a comprehensive understanding of each individual. I consider all aspects of the person – from their biology and cognitive processes to their mood, relationships, and cultural influences.
(971) 272-8414 View (971) 272-8414
Photo of Mandy Harrison, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Mandy Harrison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97213
Not accepting new clients
Asking for help can feel daunting and may also be your window to healing. My goal is to offer a safe space for you to ask the scary questions, feel the unwanted pain, get to know your emotions and reacquaint yourself with your strength and resilience that may feel so distant. A counseling relationship can offer you reflection and insight to what is making you feel stuck. With you, I will help you discover the obstacles blocking your path, rediscover your personal assets and help you grow your skill set to work through these obstacles.
Asking for help can feel daunting and may also be your window to healing. My goal is to offer a safe space for you to ask the scary questions, feel the unwanted pain, get to know your emotions and reacquaint yourself with your strength and resilience that may feel so distant. A counseling relationship can offer you reflection and insight to what is making you feel stuck. With you, I will help you discover the obstacles blocking your path, rediscover your personal assets and help you grow your skill set to work through these obstacles.
(503) 966-5564 View (503) 966-5564
Photo of Erin Carkner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Erin Carkner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97202
Hello! I want to provide you with some helpful information to support you decide whether we might be a good fit for therapy: We might be a good fit if you are experiencing any of the following: - Anxiety - Depression - Trauma related issues - Body Image issues - Identity development - Relationship issues - Chronic stressors - Family dynamic issues - Life transitions. We will work collaboratively to achieve what you most desire to accomplish in therapy.
Hello! I want to provide you with some helpful information to support you decide whether we might be a good fit for therapy: We might be a good fit if you are experiencing any of the following: - Anxiety - Depression - Trauma related issues - Body Image issues - Identity development - Relationship issues - Chronic stressors - Family dynamic issues - Life transitions. We will work collaboratively to achieve what you most desire to accomplish in therapy.
(503) 549-1139 View (503) 549-1139
Photo of Marney Hoffman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Marney Hoffman
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97209
Not accepting new clients
I am an experienced counselor serving people of different racial, ethnic, and religious backgrounds. As a therapist, I work with individuals, couples, adolescents and families with problems such as depression and sadness, anxiety, grief and loss, challenges in relationships, work-related issues, health related issues, as well as difficulty during transitional periods in life. As a person, I am an open-minded and nonjudgmental individual who enjoys working with people of different genders, orientations, and identifications. I am very compassionate but also utilize my critical thinking skills to help my clients reach their goals and begin to live life as they desire.
I am an experienced counselor serving people of different racial, ethnic, and religious backgrounds. As a therapist, I work with individuals, couples, adolescents and families with problems such as depression and sadness, anxiety, grief and loss, challenges in relationships, work-related issues, health related issues, as well as difficulty during transitional periods in life. As a person, I am an open-minded and nonjudgmental individual who enjoys working with people of different genders, orientations, and identifications. I am very compassionate but also utilize my critical thinking skills to help my clients reach their goals and begin to live life as they desire.
(503) 379-9595 View (503) 379-9595
Photo of Scott Fletcher, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Scott Fletcher
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97214
Not accepting new clients
Do you worry constantly, have a persistent fear of failure or judgement and feel on edge with just about anything? Feeling like you’re not good enough, not living the life you want to live, or that you’ve lost touch with the things that bring you happiness? Have you had a traumatic experience that left you feeling disconnected and having a hard time trusting people, with the need to protect and numb yourself? These things can impact our physical and mental wellbeing, keep us up at night, make us feel disconnected from the people closest to us and reduce our ability to achieve what we want in life.
Do you worry constantly, have a persistent fear of failure or judgement and feel on edge with just about anything? Feeling like you’re not good enough, not living the life you want to live, or that you’ve lost touch with the things that bring you happiness? Have you had a traumatic experience that left you feeling disconnected and having a hard time trusting people, with the need to protect and numb yourself? These things can impact our physical and mental wellbeing, keep us up at night, make us feel disconnected from the people closest to us and reduce our ability to achieve what we want in life.
(503) 647-6569 View (503) 647-6569
Photo of Kevin Lang, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Kevin Lang
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97221
Waitlist for new clients
None of us come out of childhood without some cuts and bruises. Sometimes physical, but more oftentimes emotional. For many, these emotional wounds are still tender, open, lightly dressed with a bandage, forgotten, or even neglected. So when these emotions get touched we find ourselves reacting in ways that aren’t in line with the kind of person we want to be.
None of us come out of childhood without some cuts and bruises. Sometimes physical, but more oftentimes emotional. For many, these emotional wounds are still tender, open, lightly dressed with a bandage, forgotten, or even neglected. So when these emotions get touched we find ourselves reacting in ways that aren’t in line with the kind of person we want to be.
(503) 994-5954 x9287 View (503) 994-5954 x9287
Photo of Haley Blackman, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Portland, OR
Haley Blackman
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97239
Are you seeking more connected and fulfilling relationships? You can repair past hurts, co-create more positive communication cycles, and feel closer. I'd love to help you reconnect with yourself and the relationships that matter the most to you. We will explore where you feel stuck and work towards facilitating connection and relational equilibrium. I provide therapy for individuals, couples, and relationships from a collaborative, supportive place, helping you navigate life and find sustainable change.
Are you seeking more connected and fulfilling relationships? You can repair past hurts, co-create more positive communication cycles, and feel closer. I'd love to help you reconnect with yourself and the relationships that matter the most to you. We will explore where you feel stuck and work towards facilitating connection and relational equilibrium. I provide therapy for individuals, couples, and relationships from a collaborative, supportive place, helping you navigate life and find sustainable change.
(971) 265-6702 View (971) 265-6702
Photo of Ariel Reiner, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Ariel Reiner
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97211  (Online Only)
Accepting clients for groups! Groups are 10 weeks long with two current offerings: 1)Somatic Group Therapy on Boundaries, and 2) Somatic process group. Please reach out to learn more! Are you looking to deepen your connection to body and self? Has therapy been helpful, and you sense there's more to uncover? Do you want to connect and relate to yourself and others differently? Do you want to be more self-full?
Accepting clients for groups! Groups are 10 weeks long with two current offerings: 1)Somatic Group Therapy on Boundaries, and 2) Somatic process group. Please reach out to learn more! Are you looking to deepen your connection to body and self? Has therapy been helpful, and you sense there's more to uncover? Do you want to connect and relate to yourself and others differently? Do you want to be more self-full?
(971) 273-5344 View (971) 273-5344
Photo of Sunnyside Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Sunnyside Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97214
Welcome to therapy! My practice is dedicated to supporting adult women of all backgrounds, with a focus on depression and anxiety. Women encounter unique challenges in areas like caregiving, sexism, life transitions, relationship issues, and body image concerns. This focus is important to me because historically, the mental health field has often given precedence to men's experiences, leaving women's specific needs under-addressed. By offering tailored, solution-focused support, my goal is to fill this gap, helping women find balance, purpose, and joy, while addressing their individual goals and challenges.
Welcome to therapy! My practice is dedicated to supporting adult women of all backgrounds, with a focus on depression and anxiety. Women encounter unique challenges in areas like caregiving, sexism, life transitions, relationship issues, and body image concerns. This focus is important to me because historically, the mental health field has often given precedence to men's experiences, leaving women's specific needs under-addressed. By offering tailored, solution-focused support, my goal is to fill this gap, helping women find balance, purpose, and joy, while addressing their individual goals and challenges.
(971) 247-1246 View (971) 247-1246

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portland, OR

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Portland, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
74% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

55% PacificSource
47% Aetna
38% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Portland, OR see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.