Therapists in Des Plaines, IL

Photo of Janel Leon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Des Plaines, IL
Janel Leon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60018
With everything that life throws at us, it can be difficult to process through it all alone. Seeking help can be scary and vulnerable, but it is also one that indicates your strengths. I believe that therapy allows for an opportunity to gain insight and learn strategies to face life’s challenges.
With everything that life throws at us, it can be difficult to process through it all alone. Seeking help can be scary and vulnerable, but it is also one that indicates your strengths. I believe that therapy allows for an opportunity to gain insight and learn strategies to face life’s challenges.
(773) 389-2842 View (773) 389-2842
Photo of Micah Shapiro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Des Plaines, IL
Micah Shapiro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60016  (Online Only)
I work with single and partnered adults who struggle to express themselves due to the lingering effects of developmental stressors. My ideal clients are motivated to explore the depths of their self-esteem, develop greater insight into how it affects their daily lives, and identify coping strategies that actually work.
I work with single and partnered adults who struggle to express themselves due to the lingering effects of developmental stressors. My ideal clients are motivated to explore the depths of their self-esteem, develop greater insight into how it affects their daily lives, and identify coping strategies that actually work.
(847) 610-6736 View (847) 610-6736
Photo of Jessica Boland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Des Plaines, IL
Jessica Boland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60016  (Online Only)
As a fierce advocate for individuals’ rights and innate strength with a passion for social justice, I believe in meeting my clients where they are at and supporting them in making meaningful changes and overcoming life’s struggles. I respect the profound impact trauma can have on our lives and the very real possibility of healing. I have over ten years of experience as a clinical social worker in a variety of settings, including child welfare and community mental health. I specialize in working with women experiencing challenges related to pregnancy and the postpartum and also enjoy work with adolescents and young adults.
As a fierce advocate for individuals’ rights and innate strength with a passion for social justice, I believe in meeting my clients where they are at and supporting them in making meaningful changes and overcoming life’s struggles. I respect the profound impact trauma can have on our lives and the very real possibility of healing. I have over ten years of experience as a clinical social worker in a variety of settings, including child welfare and community mental health. I specialize in working with women experiencing challenges related to pregnancy and the postpartum and also enjoy work with adolescents and young adults.
(773) 923-3623 View (773) 923-3623
Photo of Nicolette Mendicino, Counselor in Des Plaines, IL
Nicolette Mendicino
Counselor, MEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Des Plaines, IL 60016  (Online Only)
Let’s change the way you approach therapy. I work with clients to uncover their thoughts, feelings, patterns, and behaviors that might be disrupting resilience and self-development. I shift the focus away from an over-identification of an illness model in order to use a lens that allows us to see the beauty within your own personal wellness journey.
Let’s change the way you approach therapy. I work with clients to uncover their thoughts, feelings, patterns, and behaviors that might be disrupting resilience and self-development. I shift the focus away from an over-identification of an illness model in order to use a lens that allows us to see the beauty within your own personal wellness journey.
(224) 279-6769 View (224) 279-6769
Photo of Christina DeMeola, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Des Plaines, IL
Christina DeMeola
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Des Plaines, IL 60018  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Something is not ok. Maybe you can't stop worrying, and stress wakes you up at night and you can't turn off your brain. Maybe there are things that you can't talk to your friends about. A relationship has ended, or you've found yourself in the same kind of relationship again. Maybe someone you love has died and you don't know what to do, or it's been a while and people think you should be "over it" by now. Maybe you've just gotten a scary diagnosis. Maybe you have a decision to make and need help figuring out what to do. Being human is really, really hard sometimes; being in therapy can help.
Something is not ok. Maybe you can't stop worrying, and stress wakes you up at night and you can't turn off your brain. Maybe there are things that you can't talk to your friends about. A relationship has ended, or you've found yourself in the same kind of relationship again. Maybe someone you love has died and you don't know what to do, or it's been a while and people think you should be "over it" by now. Maybe you've just gotten a scary diagnosis. Maybe you have a decision to make and need help figuring out what to do. Being human is really, really hard sometimes; being in therapy can help.
(872) 231-3539 View (872) 231-3539
Photo of Leah Swanson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Des Plaines, IL
Leah Swanson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60016
Sometimes life throws you a curveball or two. Some people have been dealt a difficult card from the start. I believe we all possess the tools needed to get through times of adversity, but at times, may need a little guidance. Having an objective ally to cheer you on can really make the difference in reaching your goals and feeling confident along the way. I strive to create a stimulating, comfortable, and safe place for people to be vulnerable. I tend to have a relaxed conversational style, while using evidenced based materials and approaches. I am committed to jumping in the muck with you so we can find solutions together.
Sometimes life throws you a curveball or two. Some people have been dealt a difficult card from the start. I believe we all possess the tools needed to get through times of adversity, but at times, may need a little guidance. Having an objective ally to cheer you on can really make the difference in reaching your goals and feeling confident along the way. I strive to create a stimulating, comfortable, and safe place for people to be vulnerable. I tend to have a relaxed conversational style, while using evidenced based materials and approaches. I am committed to jumping in the muck with you so we can find solutions together.
(309) 220-3916 View (309) 220-3916
Photo of Jennifer L. Jackson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Des Plaines, IL
Jennifer L. Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Des Plaines, IL 60016
Hello, my name is Jennifer Lee Jackson, and I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with over 14 years of clinical experience working with clients living with depression, anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD, Excoriation Disorder, addiction, unhelpful thinking styles, low self-esteem, codependency, poor boundary setting, PMDD, and trauma. I am an eclectic therapist who uses Cognitive Behavioral, Dialectical, Eclectic, Psychodynamic, and Couples Therapy during treatment with my clients. I believe in creating an egalitarian relationship with you to foster a safe and empowering environment for long-term recovery and stability.
Hello, my name is Jennifer Lee Jackson, and I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with over 14 years of clinical experience working with clients living with depression, anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD, Excoriation Disorder, addiction, unhelpful thinking styles, low self-esteem, codependency, poor boundary setting, PMDD, and trauma. I am an eclectic therapist who uses Cognitive Behavioral, Dialectical, Eclectic, Psychodynamic, and Couples Therapy during treatment with my clients. I believe in creating an egalitarian relationship with you to foster a safe and empowering environment for long-term recovery and stability.
(618) 205-9340 View (618) 205-9340
Photo of Gisela Gomez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Des Plaines, IL
Gisela Gomez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Des Plaines, IL 60018  (Online Only)
I strive to create a safe and effective environment that can help process, explore, and reach specific personal goals. I believe in an integrative approach to provide the necessary tools and support needed during the therapeutic process. I aim to provide a safe space to work towards desired change or personal growth. I am bilingual in Spanish and English and believe in the importance of a holistic and cultural approach.
I strive to create a safe and effective environment that can help process, explore, and reach specific personal goals. I believe in an integrative approach to provide the necessary tools and support needed during the therapeutic process. I aim to provide a safe space to work towards desired change or personal growth. I am bilingual in Spanish and English and believe in the importance of a holistic and cultural approach.
(224) 257-7302 View (224) 257-7302
Photo of Joe Rubin, Counselor in Des Plaines, IL
Joe Rubin
Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60016
My treatment philosophy helps clients gain a new perspective on the concerns that may be holding them back, which enhances their ability to focus on the things that they value most in life. I have spent many years in various roles at Northwestern Medicine Behavioral Health Services, most recently as Psychiatric Counseling Coordinator.
My treatment philosophy helps clients gain a new perspective on the concerns that may be holding them back, which enhances their ability to focus on the things that they value most in life. I have spent many years in various roles at Northwestern Medicine Behavioral Health Services, most recently as Psychiatric Counseling Coordinator.
(224) 257-3495 View (224) 257-3495
Photo of Maribel Rincon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Des Plaines, IL
Maribel Rincon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Des Plaines, IL 60018
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with clinical experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and their families in both community mental health centers and school settings. I take on a holistic and relational treatment approach in my practice, utilizing evidenced-based therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Strength Based, Family Systems, and Mindfulness Techniques. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, trauma, attachment, family/social conflict, life transitions, and cultural issues. I am also bilingual and provide therapy in English or Spanish.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with clinical experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and their families in both community mental health centers and school settings. I take on a holistic and relational treatment approach in my practice, utilizing evidenced-based therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Strength Based, Family Systems, and Mindfulness Techniques. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, trauma, attachment, family/social conflict, life transitions, and cultural issues. I am also bilingual and provide therapy in English or Spanish.
(224) 651-8133 View (224) 651-8133
Photo of Karyn Cihak, Psychologist in Des Plaines, IL
Karyn Cihak
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60016
Throughout my career as a licensed clinical psychologist, I've had the privilege of providing a safe harbor to assist my clients during a difficult part of their life journey. I recognize that life offers many transitions including relationship beginnings and endings, health concerns, job changes and new roles in family and community. My focus with you will be to promote emotional wellness, achieve greater understanding of the current moment and formulate a path to move forward. I'll provide a warm, culturally sensitive environment to provide extra support during a time of struggle, reflection and personal growth.
Throughout my career as a licensed clinical psychologist, I've had the privilege of providing a safe harbor to assist my clients during a difficult part of their life journey. I recognize that life offers many transitions including relationship beginnings and endings, health concerns, job changes and new roles in family and community. My focus with you will be to promote emotional wellness, achieve greater understanding of the current moment and formulate a path to move forward. I'll provide a warm, culturally sensitive environment to provide extra support during a time of struggle, reflection and personal growth.
(773) 207-3318 View (773) 207-3318
Photo of Ruth Vincent, Counselor in Des Plaines, IL
Ruth Vincent
Counselor, LCPC, NCC, MA Ed
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60016
Waitlist for new clients
Are you looking for a therapist to help you navigate a difficult time in your life? Or to help find a solution to a problem? Together we can take the next step. To have a successful therapy experience, the client and therapist must engage in a trusting, non-judgmental partnership. Together, we can develop therapy individualized to meet your needs. Establishing goals hand in hand with you is the first step we will take together. With the goals in mind, we make a plan to achieve them. We will identify how to tap into your inner strengths and develop resiliency skills for the future.
Are you looking for a therapist to help you navigate a difficult time in your life? Or to help find a solution to a problem? Together we can take the next step. To have a successful therapy experience, the client and therapist must engage in a trusting, non-judgmental partnership. Together, we can develop therapy individualized to meet your needs. Establishing goals hand in hand with you is the first step we will take together. With the goals in mind, we make a plan to achieve them. We will identify how to tap into your inner strengths and develop resiliency skills for the future.
(847) 241-1914 View (847) 241-1914
Photo of Madeleine Lekas, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Des Plaines, IL
Madeleine Lekas
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Des Plaines, IL 60016
Whether you are on a journey to deepen personal awareness, dealing with major life transitions, relationship issues, past trauma, anxiety or depression, I can work with you to achieve your goals and experience an improved quality of life. Drawing from a range of evidence-based therapies, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and solution focused therapy, I will work with you to create an individualized therapy plan. We will draft this plan together, taking into account your unique experiences, values, and goals.
Whether you are on a journey to deepen personal awareness, dealing with major life transitions, relationship issues, past trauma, anxiety or depression, I can work with you to achieve your goals and experience an improved quality of life. Drawing from a range of evidence-based therapies, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and solution focused therapy, I will work with you to create an individualized therapy plan. We will draft this plan together, taking into account your unique experiences, values, and goals.
(773) 432-7233 View (773) 432-7233
Photo of Gita Tewari, Licensed Professional Counselor in Des Plaines, IL
Gita Tewari
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60016  (Online Only)
Telehealth - IL. Life can be complicated, messy and challenging. I work with adults, adolescents and children struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, bereavement, low self-esteem and life transitions. I provide a safe and accepting space where you can be open and honest with the difficulties you are experiencing in your life. As a career changer, my experiences as a writer and editor in the corporate and nonprofit sectors provide an additional perspective in my work with clients. My multicultural background is an asset in working with diverse populations.
Telehealth - IL. Life can be complicated, messy and challenging. I work with adults, adolescents and children struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, bereavement, low self-esteem and life transitions. I provide a safe and accepting space where you can be open and honest with the difficulties you are experiencing in your life. As a career changer, my experiences as a writer and editor in the corporate and nonprofit sectors provide an additional perspective in my work with clients. My multicultural background is an asset in working with diverse populations.
(847) 750-4965 View (847) 750-4965
Photo of Amy Baur, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Des Plaines, IL
Amy Baur
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60016
My specialty is connecting! Connection is the key to all relationships and especially the therapeutic relationship. Also, as a Play therapist, I am uniquely qualified to treat children and teens and have special expertise in working with challenging behavior as well as trauma or difficult life circumstances. I also include parents in the therapy process in order to ensure they have the skills and support they need for success! Connecting in therapy, with both children and parents, creates lasting changes and positive growth!
My specialty is connecting! Connection is the key to all relationships and especially the therapeutic relationship. Also, as a Play therapist, I am uniquely qualified to treat children and teens and have special expertise in working with challenging behavior as well as trauma or difficult life circumstances. I also include parents in the therapy process in order to ensure they have the skills and support they need for success! Connecting in therapy, with both children and parents, creates lasting changes and positive growth!
(312) 857-8902 View (312) 857-8902
Photo of Jennifer Pfaff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Des Plaines, IL
Jennifer Pfaff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60016
I believe in working with clients to help them reach their goals and improve their overall quality of life. I utilize a warm, relaxed, and welcoming approach to therapy and works with clients to create solutions to what has brought them to treatment. I don’t believe in one theory fits all clients or problems and adapt to meet the needs of those I am working with. I have experience working with clients facing depression, anxiety, trauma history, low self esteem, grief and loss, and school issues. I have specialized training in Play Therapy.
I believe in working with clients to help them reach their goals and improve their overall quality of life. I utilize a warm, relaxed, and welcoming approach to therapy and works with clients to create solutions to what has brought them to treatment. I don’t believe in one theory fits all clients or problems and adapt to meet the needs of those I am working with. I have experience working with clients facing depression, anxiety, trauma history, low self esteem, grief and loss, and school issues. I have specialized training in Play Therapy.
(847) 321-7064 View (847) 321-7064
Photo of Eileen Joyce, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Des Plaines, IL
Eileen Joyce
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Des Plaines, IL 60016  (Online Only)
When life becomes too difficult, we often feel like there is something fundamentally wrong within us. We feel invisible, left out, and misunderstood. As women, we are constantly trying to do more while being told by the world around us that we are not good enough. You need to be the perfect student, the caring daughter, and the supportive friend. You need to be the patient mother, loving partner, and an uncompromising independent career woman. You have to do it all- and you carry an unyielding emotional burden because of it.
When life becomes too difficult, we often feel like there is something fundamentally wrong within us. We feel invisible, left out, and misunderstood. As women, we are constantly trying to do more while being told by the world around us that we are not good enough. You need to be the perfect student, the caring daughter, and the supportive friend. You need to be the patient mother, loving partner, and an uncompromising independent career woman. You have to do it all- and you carry an unyielding emotional burden because of it.
(773) 207-3442 View (773) 207-3442
Photo of Joseph Rubin, Counselor in Des Plaines, IL
Joseph Rubin
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60016
Are your thoughts and emotions making it difficult for you to do your best at work/school or negatively affecting your relationships? Are you struggling to find balance in your life? Are you experiencing anxiety or depression? Constantly thinking about the consequences of past decisions? Going over catastrophic what-if scenarios again and again in your head? I can help you get out of your head and into your life using the best and most researched methods from Western psychology and Eastern philosophy and healing techniques. The world is waiting for you !
Are your thoughts and emotions making it difficult for you to do your best at work/school or negatively affecting your relationships? Are you struggling to find balance in your life? Are you experiencing anxiety or depression? Constantly thinking about the consequences of past decisions? Going over catastrophic what-if scenarios again and again in your head? I can help you get out of your head and into your life using the best and most researched methods from Western psychology and Eastern philosophy and healing techniques. The world is waiting for you !
(847) 423-6842 View (847) 423-6842
Photo of Kenan Pojskic, Marriage & Family Therapist in Des Plaines, IL
Kenan Pojskic
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Des Plaines, IL 60016  (Online Only)
I work with with couples, families and individuals to fully realize their potentials and help them have the experiences they want in their lives and relationships. This can prove especially difficult when there are so many factors affecting one's well-being; a boss at work that doesn't respect you, a spouse that doesn't understand you, a friend that doesn't contact you. I try to explore all of these influences and help you find the place where you want to be in. Who said relationships have to be difficult or dreadful to experience?
I work with with couples, families and individuals to fully realize their potentials and help them have the experiences they want in their lives and relationships. This can prove especially difficult when there are so many factors affecting one's well-being; a boss at work that doesn't respect you, a spouse that doesn't understand you, a friend that doesn't contact you. I try to explore all of these influences and help you find the place where you want to be in. Who said relationships have to be difficult or dreadful to experience?
(773) 985-5274 View (773) 985-5274
Photo of Lisa Mandl, Counselor in Des Plaines, IL
Lisa Mandl
Counselor, MS, LCPC, CCTP:II, CLYL
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Des Plaines, IL 60016
Not accepting new clients
Your symptoms from trauma, dissociative disorders, complex-PTSD, PTSD, anxiety, and depression have reached a point where your level of distress has become unbearable and you are ready to do something different. I see the challenges you face and view you as a worthy, valuable warrior who's capable of achieving the life you want. I am deeply honored to travel the unknown path with you; to be present and support you through the darkness and follow you out towards a life filled with more hope and happiness. I want to help you rediscover strengths, resiliencies and insight promoting a journey towards healing.
Your symptoms from trauma, dissociative disorders, complex-PTSD, PTSD, anxiety, and depression have reached a point where your level of distress has become unbearable and you are ready to do something different. I see the challenges you face and view you as a worthy, valuable warrior who's capable of achieving the life you want. I am deeply honored to travel the unknown path with you; to be present and support you through the darkness and follow you out towards a life filled with more hope and happiness. I want to help you rediscover strengths, resiliencies and insight promoting a journey towards healing.
(773) 825-5324 View (773) 825-5324

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Des Plaines, IL

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Des Plaines, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
68% Trauma and PTSD
61% Grief

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

96% BlueCross and BlueShield
72% Aetna
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Des Plaines, IL see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Des Plaines?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.