Therapists in Silver Spring, MD

Photo of Julie Murphy, Psychologist in Silver Spring, MD
Julie Murphy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Silver Spring, MD 20904
Not accepting new clients
If you are exploring your identity, making a transition, or coping with negative moods or experiences that you can't change on your own, it is a brave and impressive decision to seek therapy. My years of experience have allowed me to witness the power, hope, and change that can come through therapy that creates a safe, warm, and confidential environment for growth. I provide individuals and couples therapy that focuses on strengths, empowerment, relational change, and healthy strategies for coping with oppression and trauma.
If you are exploring your identity, making a transition, or coping with negative moods or experiences that you can't change on your own, it is a brave and impressive decision to seek therapy. My years of experience have allowed me to witness the power, hope, and change that can come through therapy that creates a safe, warm, and confidential environment for growth. I provide individuals and couples therapy that focuses on strengths, empowerment, relational change, and healthy strategies for coping with oppression and trauma.
(240) 392-6302 View (240) 392-6302
Photo of Maimuna Tareq, Marriage & Family Therapist in Silver Spring, MD
Maimuna Tareq
Marriage & Family Therapist, LGMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Are you navigating the complexities of relationships while juggling cultural and personal identity? I understand the unique challenges individuals and families face, particularly within the South Asian and Muslim communities. Whether you're an individual, a couple, or a family, I start from a place of understanding and meet you where you are. I practice from a narrative therapy perspective, fostering trust and engagement essential for a transformative therapeutic experience.
Are you navigating the complexities of relationships while juggling cultural and personal identity? I understand the unique challenges individuals and families face, particularly within the South Asian and Muslim communities. Whether you're an individual, a couple, or a family, I start from a place of understanding and meet you where you are. I practice from a narrative therapy perspective, fostering trust and engagement essential for a transformative therapeutic experience.
(240) 332-0686 View (240) 332-0686
Elite Performance Psychology- Sport Psychology
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20904  (Online Only)
Our practice focuses on providing performance and mental health services to athletes, performers and first responders. Our providers have years of experiences working with professional, collegiate and club athletes as well as performers and first responders. We work with you to help you become elite in your field. Common reasons that our clients reach out to us include building strategies to overcome performance anxiety, return to play from injury, increase confidence and focus and build skills to perform in high stress situations. We want to help you improve by building your mental game.
Our practice focuses on providing performance and mental health services to athletes, performers and first responders. Our providers have years of experiences working with professional, collegiate and club athletes as well as performers and first responders. We work with you to help you become elite in your field. Common reasons that our clients reach out to us include building strategies to overcome performance anxiety, return to play from injury, increase confidence and focus and build skills to perform in high stress situations. We want to help you improve by building your mental game.
(301) 750-1532 View (301) 750-1532
Photo of Cindy Cruz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Silver Spring, MD
Cindy Cruz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Life can be hard at times, I am here to heIp! I am a bilingual Clinical Social Worker/therapist with bicultural experience. I attended the University of Maryland School of Social Work where I earned my Masters in Social Work with a focus in children and families. I am also a Board Approved Supervisor in the state of MD. I’m licensed in both MD and DC and provide in person and virtual therapy services in English and Spanish. I have more than 10 years of experience working with children and families and adults in different capacities that include home visiting, mental health consultation, mental health therapy and parent coaching.
Life can be hard at times, I am here to heIp! I am a bilingual Clinical Social Worker/therapist with bicultural experience. I attended the University of Maryland School of Social Work where I earned my Masters in Social Work with a focus in children and families. I am also a Board Approved Supervisor in the state of MD. I’m licensed in both MD and DC and provide in person and virtual therapy services in English and Spanish. I have more than 10 years of experience working with children and families and adults in different capacities that include home visiting, mental health consultation, mental health therapy and parent coaching.
(240) 377-0960 View (240) 377-0960
Photo of Maryland Consulting and Psychotherapy Services, Counselor in Silver Spring, MD
Maryland Consulting and Psychotherapy Services
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20901
Seeking help is not an easy decision. Although, this first step might lead you to a positive resolution of those daily problems that are causing you stress, anxiety, and depression. Having someone who can listen to you without judging and helping you reach better functioning and goals is worthy. Do not delay seeking help; you will be relieved that you did. We also provide consultation on many issues such as College/school learning disability petitions, legal problems, and employment conflicts among other life issues. We also do life coaching.
Seeking help is not an easy decision. Although, this first step might lead you to a positive resolution of those daily problems that are causing you stress, anxiety, and depression. Having someone who can listen to you without judging and helping you reach better functioning and goals is worthy. Do not delay seeking help; you will be relieved that you did. We also provide consultation on many issues such as College/school learning disability petitions, legal problems, and employment conflicts among other life issues. We also do life coaching.
(301) 323-5367 View (301) 323-5367
Photo of Adela Lourdes Leon, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Silver Spring, MD
Adela Lourdes Leon
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, GC-C
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20901  (Online Only)
Life and all of its beauty can at times, present us with challenges that leave us feeling overwhelmed with sadness and a sense of loss. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with a certification in Loss and Grief Counseling who is deeply committed to supporting those whose lives have been impacted by painful life events and transitions, such as: the loss of a loved one, terminal illness of self or loved ones, loss of relationships (divorce/separation), loss of child custody, loss of employment, traumatic injuries, disability issues, stillbirths, miscarriages, or cancer diagnoses. I offer sessions in English and Spanish.
Life and all of its beauty can at times, present us with challenges that leave us feeling overwhelmed with sadness and a sense of loss. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with a certification in Loss and Grief Counseling who is deeply committed to supporting those whose lives have been impacted by painful life events and transitions, such as: the loss of a loved one, terminal illness of self or loved ones, loss of relationships (divorce/separation), loss of child custody, loss of employment, traumatic injuries, disability issues, stillbirths, miscarriages, or cancer diagnoses. I offer sessions in English and Spanish.
(301) 852-6579 View (301) 852-6579
Photo of Cj Seitz-Brown, Psychologist in Silver Spring, MD
Cj Seitz-Brown
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Silver Spring, MD 20910  (Online Only)
As you’re looking for a therapist, it’s important to find someone you feel comfortable opening up to, and maybe even sharing aspects of your life that are hard to discuss. My clients often go there with me quickly; they can tell that I will be warm, supportive, nonjudgmental, and honor their trust. My approach to therapy is multicultural, LGBTQ+ affirming, sex/kink positive, and I have a background working with first gen people. Clients who want to better understand and express their emotions have found therapy with me helpful for learning communication and skills they weren’t taught growing up.
As you’re looking for a therapist, it’s important to find someone you feel comfortable opening up to, and maybe even sharing aspects of your life that are hard to discuss. My clients often go there with me quickly; they can tell that I will be warm, supportive, nonjudgmental, and honor their trust. My approach to therapy is multicultural, LGBTQ+ affirming, sex/kink positive, and I have a background working with first gen people. Clients who want to better understand and express their emotions have found therapy with me helpful for learning communication and skills they weren’t taught growing up.
(301) 215-3173 View (301) 215-3173
Photo of Leah Johnson, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Silver Spring, MD
Leah Johnson
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, LCMHCA, NCC
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20910  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you in need of restoration, guidance, empowerment, or simply unwavering support? I can be your person! I have over 15 years worth of work delving into a counseling experience that encourages my people to rest, to be kind to self, to think beyond their current situation, to explore the unknown, to embrace what could be and to just exist. If you’re willing to do the work, I’m willing to work with you. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor at PsycYourMind Consulting, LLC. I am accepting new clients for secure Telehealth sessions via online scheduling.
Are you in need of restoration, guidance, empowerment, or simply unwavering support? I can be your person! I have over 15 years worth of work delving into a counseling experience that encourages my people to rest, to be kind to self, to think beyond their current situation, to explore the unknown, to embrace what could be and to just exist. If you’re willing to do the work, I’m willing to work with you. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor at PsycYourMind Consulting, LLC. I am accepting new clients for secure Telehealth sessions via online scheduling.
(301) 960-3296 View (301) 960-3296
Photo of Katherine Thorn, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Silver Spring, MD
Katherine Thorn
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, BCN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Not accepting new clients
Do you feel empty, lonely, or lost? Do you feel bad about yourself or completely overwhelmed? I am especially good at helping people like you to identify their feelings and figure out what they really want. I believe our feelings are the best guide to set a course for a more satisfying and empowered life. I take a collaborative, comprehensive approach, tailoring tools and strategies to support each unique person.
Do you feel empty, lonely, or lost? Do you feel bad about yourself or completely overwhelmed? I am especially good at helping people like you to identify their feelings and figure out what they really want. I believe our feelings are the best guide to set a course for a more satisfying and empowered life. I take a collaborative, comprehensive approach, tailoring tools and strategies to support each unique person.
(703) 288-9595 View (703) 288-9595
Photo of Maggie McGuire, Psychologist in Silver Spring, MD
Maggie McGuire
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Silver Spring, MD 20904  (Online Only)
Choosing the right therapist may feel like an overwhelming, daunting, yet rewarding task. I will do my best to tailor each therapy experience to your specific needs by creating a warm, empathic, and trusting relationship. I view therapy as an opportunity to work collaboratively with you in order to allow you to uncover your own strengths, explore issues through a new perspective, and effectively manage your thoughts and emotions.
Choosing the right therapist may feel like an overwhelming, daunting, yet rewarding task. I will do my best to tailor each therapy experience to your specific needs by creating a warm, empathic, and trusting relationship. I view therapy as an opportunity to work collaboratively with you in order to allow you to uncover your own strengths, explore issues through a new perspective, and effectively manage your thoughts and emotions.
(301) 381-5188 View (301) 381-5188
Photo of Holley and Associates, Inc., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Silver Spring, MD
Holley and Associates, Inc.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C, LCSW VA, LCSW IL
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20905  (Online Only)
"Let today be your best day ever” At Holley and Associates Inc., we provide mental health treatment for individuals and families. All treatment is done in the context of family...even a family of one. We will help you be the best YOU you can be. If you want to make a change, we want to help you. Call us"
"Let today be your best day ever” At Holley and Associates Inc., we provide mental health treatment for individuals and families. All treatment is done in the context of family...even a family of one. We will help you be the best YOU you can be. If you want to make a change, we want to help you. Call us"
(240) 392-1331 View (240) 392-1331
Amina Avion
Psychological Associate
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20910
I am a psychology associate at Kingsbury Wellness & Learning Group, a nonprofit serving the DMV area. I help teens and young adults overcome challenges related to identity development and interpersonal relationships, so that they can build their confidence and forge fulfilling relationships. I work with adults to help them recognize and overcome unhelpful patterns, so that they can address mental and emotional stuck points.
I am a psychology associate at Kingsbury Wellness & Learning Group, a nonprofit serving the DMV area. I help teens and young adults overcome challenges related to identity development and interpersonal relationships, so that they can build their confidence and forge fulfilling relationships. I work with adults to help them recognize and overcome unhelpful patterns, so that they can address mental and emotional stuck points.
(240) 816-4018 x111 View (240) 816-4018 x111
Photo of Philip B Callahan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Silver Spring, MD
Philip B Callahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20910
I am trained in a psychodynamic and relational approach that includes the use of play therapy, art, music, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness. I have spent the last 20 years working clinically with children and adolescents in school settings in Baltimore City, Montgomery County and Prince Georges County. I currently combine my work as a school counselor in a special education facility with private practice.
I am trained in a psychodynamic and relational approach that includes the use of play therapy, art, music, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness. I have spent the last 20 years working clinically with children and adolescents in school settings in Baltimore City, Montgomery County and Prince Georges County. I currently combine my work as a school counselor in a special education facility with private practice.
(240) 560-5252 View (240) 560-5252
Photo of Stephanie Spicer Parkhurst, Psychologist in Silver Spring, MD
Stephanie Spicer Parkhurst
Psychologist, PhD, LLC
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20905
Living with purpose, meaning and happiness calls for self-compassion as you work to heal and grow. I believe we each have the innate ability for personal development that is enhanced when we are in a safe and supportive relationship. It can be hard to ask for help so I work to establish a strong, trusting relationship where needs, experiences and goals can be explored and worked on without fear of being judged. I work with adults experiencing a broad range of concerns including anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, relationship issues, attention/concentration issues, and changing life circumstances.
Living with purpose, meaning and happiness calls for self-compassion as you work to heal and grow. I believe we each have the innate ability for personal development that is enhanced when we are in a safe and supportive relationship. It can be hard to ask for help so I work to establish a strong, trusting relationship where needs, experiences and goals can be explored and worked on without fear of being judged. I work with adults experiencing a broad range of concerns including anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, relationship issues, attention/concentration issues, and changing life circumstances.
(240) 801-6998 View (240) 801-6998
Photo of James Chia, Counselor in Silver Spring, MD
James Chia
Counselor, LGPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Are you ready to find joy and connection? Are you struggling to tap into your resilience? Then you've come to the right place! My passion lies in helping individuals from diverse backgrounds. I specialize in assisting adults facing mood and anxiety disorders, grief, relationship struggles, and exploring identity. Originally from Singapore, I offer a safe, collaborative space, using trauma-informed approaches tailored to your cultural needs. Let's embark on a journey together as you navigate life's challenges.
Are you ready to find joy and connection? Are you struggling to tap into your resilience? Then you've come to the right place! My passion lies in helping individuals from diverse backgrounds. I specialize in assisting adults facing mood and anxiety disorders, grief, relationship struggles, and exploring identity. Originally from Singapore, I offer a safe, collaborative space, using trauma-informed approaches tailored to your cultural needs. Let's embark on a journey together as you navigate life's challenges.
(240) 887-1909 View (240) 887-1909
Photo of Dr. Maura Mulloy, Psychologist in Silver Spring, MD
Dr. Maura Mulloy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20904  (Online Only)
You are already taking an important step towards feeling better, just by reaching out for support. You might be struggling to manage anxiety or depression, feeling burnt-out by the demands of work and family life, and/or coping with a neurodivergent brain in a neurotypical world. You yearn to feel understood and appreciated for who you are, and to feel release from the self-judgment that weighs heavily in your mind and heart. You may be hoping for more resilient ways of handling stress, a better ability to set boundaries to protect your energy, or help with strengthening your motivation for positive change.
You are already taking an important step towards feeling better, just by reaching out for support. You might be struggling to manage anxiety or depression, feeling burnt-out by the demands of work and family life, and/or coping with a neurodivergent brain in a neurotypical world. You yearn to feel understood and appreciated for who you are, and to feel release from the self-judgment that weighs heavily in your mind and heart. You may be hoping for more resilient ways of handling stress, a better ability to set boundaries to protect your energy, or help with strengthening your motivation for positive change.
(301) 786-3994 View (301) 786-3994
Photo of Kathryn Rickard, Psychologist in Silver Spring, MD
Kathryn Rickard
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Not accepting new clients
I work with adults of any age, and have specialized training/experience with families and with children/adolescents, including play therapy for pre-school and young children. My clients find relief from painful symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety); address troublesome behavioral problems (e.g., anger management; school/work performance); improve family/ interpersonal relationships; and access greater creative and spiritual potential to fulfill life goals. I work with many clients who have been exposed to trauma, violence, abuse, or loss, and with adoptive and foster children/families. My clients often address issues of ethnic, cultural or sexual identity, and challenging life transitions.
I work with adults of any age, and have specialized training/experience with families and with children/adolescents, including play therapy for pre-school and young children. My clients find relief from painful symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety); address troublesome behavioral problems (e.g., anger management; school/work performance); improve family/ interpersonal relationships; and access greater creative and spiritual potential to fulfill life goals. I work with many clients who have been exposed to trauma, violence, abuse, or loss, and with adoptive and foster children/families. My clients often address issues of ethnic, cultural or sexual identity, and challenging life transitions.
(202) 609-8905 View (202) 609-8905
Photo of Speak Healing Therapy, LLC, Counselor in Silver Spring, MD
Speak Healing Therapy, LLC
Counselor, LCPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20906  (Online Only)
Overwhelmed. Overstimulated. Drained. Unmotivated. Unrecognizable yet functioning. You know those feelings all too well and at times question the point of it all. You frequently question yourself about what changes need to be made and/or how to make those changes, yet you have no idea where to begin. You truly desire to live a life that excites, motivates, and inspires you to be authentically yourself. You crave to know and understand "that thing" that holds you back from showing up as the version of yourself you've always wanted to be and are tired of living a life that no longer suits you.
Overwhelmed. Overstimulated. Drained. Unmotivated. Unrecognizable yet functioning. You know those feelings all too well and at times question the point of it all. You frequently question yourself about what changes need to be made and/or how to make those changes, yet you have no idea where to begin. You truly desire to live a life that excites, motivates, and inspires you to be authentically yourself. You crave to know and understand "that thing" that holds you back from showing up as the version of yourself you've always wanted to be and are tired of living a life that no longer suits you.
(240) 219-3374 View (240) 219-3374
Photo of Nancy K Montagna, Psychologist in Silver Spring, MD
Nancy K Montagna
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Maybe you want a sense of security, to be calmer, to have more energy and creativity or more loving relationships. Maybe you want freedom from the after-effects of trauma. We begin with an attitude of loving self acceptance. You can change an unhealthy habit, heal from trauma or shed an addiction relatively quickly with a brand new (evidence-based) method called Accelerated Resolution Therapy (A.R.T.). I bring wide experience and a large professional toolbox to help you toward your goals.
Maybe you want a sense of security, to be calmer, to have more energy and creativity or more loving relationships. Maybe you want freedom from the after-effects of trauma. We begin with an attitude of loving self acceptance. You can change an unhealthy habit, heal from trauma or shed an addiction relatively quickly with a brand new (evidence-based) method called Accelerated Resolution Therapy (A.R.T.). I bring wide experience and a large professional toolbox to help you toward your goals.
(301) 691-4317 x2 View (301) 691-4317 x2
Photo of Judith Upshaw, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Silver Spring, MD
Judith Upshaw
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCADC
Verified Verified
Silver Spring, MD 20902  (Online Only)
Dr. Judith (Judy) Ann Upshaw is a licensed substance use therapist who specializes in the treatment of substance and behavioral abuse disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, and trauma. She practices individual, group, family, and couples therapists. Dr. Upshaw received a M. Ed. in Psycho-educational Processes from Temple University, and a Ed. D. in Counseling Psychology from Argosy University. She takes an active person-centered approach to therapy and makes room for personal exploration, questioning, and collaborative problem solving.
Dr. Judith (Judy) Ann Upshaw is a licensed substance use therapist who specializes in the treatment of substance and behavioral abuse disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, and trauma. She practices individual, group, family, and couples therapists. Dr. Upshaw received a M. Ed. in Psycho-educational Processes from Temple University, and a Ed. D. in Counseling Psychology from Argosy University. She takes an active person-centered approach to therapy and makes room for personal exploration, questioning, and collaborative problem solving.
(301) 830-4373 View (301) 830-4373

See more therapy options for Silver Spring

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Silver Spring, MD

900+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Silver Spring, MD who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
67% Trauma and PTSD
65% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% CareFirst
72% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Silver Spring, MD see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Silver Spring?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.