Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Laura Farha, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Laura Farha
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
I work psychoanalytically with all kinds of adults in my Albany, California-based office, and online with Lebanese and other Arabs around the world. I often see immigrants, expats and other individuals and couples who navigate more than one location, cultural system, or types of trauma. I specialize in working with complex trauma and war-related, inter-generational trauma.
I work psychoanalytically with all kinds of adults in my Albany, California-based office, and online with Lebanese and other Arabs around the world. I often see immigrants, expats and other individuals and couples who navigate more than one location, cultural system, or types of trauma. I specialize in working with complex trauma and war-related, inter-generational trauma.
(510) 369-0735 View (510) 369-0735
Photo of Rachel Goodman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Rachel Goodman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
The world needs helpers, just like you. But when your life gets stressful and overwhelming, where do you turn? You nurture others. You put your heart into your relationships and your work, but sometimes it starts to feel like it's too much. Like you're exhausted and unable to take some time for yourself.
The world needs helpers, just like you. But when your life gets stressful and overwhelming, where do you turn? You nurture others. You put your heart into your relationships and your work, but sometimes it starts to feel like it's too much. Like you're exhausted and unable to take some time for yourself.
(510) 863-8988 View (510) 863-8988
Photo of Catherine Cheyette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Catherine Cheyette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
Depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, problems in intimate relationships and stressful life circumstances are among the reasons people seek psychotherapy. I enjoy helping my clients through their difficulties toward renewal, growth and optimism about their future. In an atmosphere of respect and compassion, my clients and I work collaboratively to explore the difficulties they face and uncover deeper issues which impede the natural resolution of their suffering. This process of self-discovery promotes clarity about the steps which are needed to bring about positive change.
Depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, problems in intimate relationships and stressful life circumstances are among the reasons people seek psychotherapy. I enjoy helping my clients through their difficulties toward renewal, growth and optimism about their future. In an atmosphere of respect and compassion, my clients and I work collaboratively to explore the difficulties they face and uncover deeper issues which impede the natural resolution of their suffering. This process of self-discovery promotes clarity about the steps which are needed to bring about positive change.
(510) 470-7412 View (510) 470-7412
Photo of Cathy Carr, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Cathy Carr
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
I have been fortunate to spend the past 29 years working with children and their families-initially as a middle school teacher and now as a LMFT. I'm dedicated to helping my clients have the tools they need to successfully navigate the challenges in their lives. I work with families and individuals struggling with unhealthy communication patterns, major life transitions, grief, trauma, anxiety/depression, defiance, and sibling rivalry. I believe in the power of relationships to heal, so my main focus is on creating a strong working alliance with my clients. Parenting classes, consultations, and new moms' groups offered.
I have been fortunate to spend the past 29 years working with children and their families-initially as a middle school teacher and now as a LMFT. I'm dedicated to helping my clients have the tools they need to successfully navigate the challenges in their lives. I work with families and individuals struggling with unhealthy communication patterns, major life transitions, grief, trauma, anxiety/depression, defiance, and sibling rivalry. I believe in the power of relationships to heal, so my main focus is on creating a strong working alliance with my clients. Parenting classes, consultations, and new moms' groups offered.
(510) 496-2725 View (510) 496-2725
Photo of Alex Keller, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Alex Keller
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
In my practice, I work with individuals, couples or families on a variety of topics, including work and school stress, couple's, and physical health issues. I also work with clients who are experiencing depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, and with those in the LGBTQ community. I completed my MFT (Master's in family therapy) degree in 2013, and later completed my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology. I work with children (ages 8 and above), adults, couples, and families.
In my practice, I work with individuals, couples or families on a variety of topics, including work and school stress, couple's, and physical health issues. I also work with clients who are experiencing depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, and with those in the LGBTQ community. I completed my MFT (Master's in family therapy) degree in 2013, and later completed my Doctorate in Clinical Psychology. I work with children (ages 8 and above), adults, couples, and families.
(341) 999-7009 View (341) 999-7009
Photo of Karen Rose, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Karen Rose
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
Finding or creating a career that you're passionate about may seem like a fantasy... But, no matter what challenges you face – be they emotional or logistical – the unique counseling and coaching services I provide at Career Therapy can help make sure you do NOT have to settle for second best! My name is Karen Rose, and I've created Career Therapy to bring together my three decades of experience as a career counselor, career coach, and psychotherapist to help you articulate your goals, overcome work-life challenges, improve your relationships and resilience, and make sure you turn your career goals into reality.
Finding or creating a career that you're passionate about may seem like a fantasy... But, no matter what challenges you face – be they emotional or logistical – the unique counseling and coaching services I provide at Career Therapy can help make sure you do NOT have to settle for second best! My name is Karen Rose, and I've created Career Therapy to bring together my three decades of experience as a career counselor, career coach, and psychotherapist to help you articulate your goals, overcome work-life challenges, improve your relationships and resilience, and make sure you turn your career goals into reality.
(510) 674-1811 View (510) 674-1811
Photo of Susan J Murray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Susan J Murray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94702
I support clients to find, expand, and honor their voice in difficult circumstances. I work to assist clients who have been hurt and traumatized reclaim their feelings of safety and vitality. Whether you are ambivalent in a relationship, in pain due to trauma or hurt, struggling with a dilemma, unhappy about your own behavior, facing significant loss, or feeling stuck, together we can create a comfortable place for you to work.
I support clients to find, expand, and honor their voice in difficult circumstances. I work to assist clients who have been hurt and traumatized reclaim their feelings of safety and vitality. Whether you are ambivalent in a relationship, in pain due to trauma or hurt, struggling with a dilemma, unhappy about your own behavior, facing significant loss, or feeling stuck, together we can create a comfortable place for you to work.
(510) 662-6463 View (510) 662-6463
Photo of Jim Rosati, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jim Rosati
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Not accepting new clients
Move toward an authentic, more rewarding, life. Whether you're struggling with the same problems over and over, or just can't shake the feeling that something is missing from your life, my unique blend of supportive and exploratory psychotherapy can help. Uncover and change unconscious patterns of thinking, feeling, and relating that may have served you at one time in your life, but now block you from living with spontaneity, creativity, and zest.
Move toward an authentic, more rewarding, life. Whether you're struggling with the same problems over and over, or just can't shake the feeling that something is missing from your life, my unique blend of supportive and exploratory psychotherapy can help. Uncover and change unconscious patterns of thinking, feeling, and relating that may have served you at one time in your life, but now block you from living with spontaneity, creativity, and zest.
(510) 698-9705 View (510) 698-9705
Photo of Sarah Cybulski, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sarah Cybulski
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Sarah Cybulski is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 8 years of experience in the mental health field. She specializes in supporting adolescents and adults facing anxiety, depression, ADHD, attachment disorder, trauma, and grief. She aims to ensure all clients feel safe, heard and supported while also being challenged to make changes and look forward to growth. She wants to support clients in recognizing and understanding their whole selves and the impact of past and current life circumstances on their well-being, while working toward clarifying and planning future goals.
Sarah Cybulski is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 8 years of experience in the mental health field. She specializes in supporting adolescents and adults facing anxiety, depression, ADHD, attachment disorder, trauma, and grief. She aims to ensure all clients feel safe, heard and supported while also being challenged to make changes and look forward to growth. She wants to support clients in recognizing and understanding their whole selves and the impact of past and current life circumstances on their well-being, while working toward clarifying and planning future goals.
(341) 888-7091 View (341) 888-7091
Photo of Jeff Cohen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jeff Cohen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
My intent is to help you deal with problems you're facing and lead a more fulfilling life. I have a strong track record of helping people overcome difficulty, struggle and confusion in their lives. I'll work to help you discover a new way of experiencing yourself in the world. I use an integrative mind/body approach to psychotherapy in facilitating change toward contentment and vitality. I work with couples and individuals around issues of intimacy, self-worth, life transition, purpose and spiritual inquiry. My style is collaborative, engaged and supportive.
My intent is to help you deal with problems you're facing and lead a more fulfilling life. I have a strong track record of helping people overcome difficulty, struggle and confusion in their lives. I'll work to help you discover a new way of experiencing yourself in the world. I use an integrative mind/body approach to psychotherapy in facilitating change toward contentment and vitality. I work with couples and individuals around issues of intimacy, self-worth, life transition, purpose and spiritual inquiry. My style is collaborative, engaged and supportive.
(510) 548-4950 View (510) 548-4950
Photo of Ben Kanne, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Ben Kanne
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
Usually, a person is compelled to seek-out a therapist because of desperation: Desperation to extricate her/himself from depression, anxiety and or behaviors that contribute to conflict, or loneliness. Sometimes a person wants to be more successful in relationships or at work, A couple seeks-out a therapist because their frequent bickering has led to frustration, isolation and loneliness, and they don't know how get out of it. You may feel that your partner no longer values you. You need to be heard, valued and supported-to regain the closeness and understanding you once had.
Usually, a person is compelled to seek-out a therapist because of desperation: Desperation to extricate her/himself from depression, anxiety and or behaviors that contribute to conflict, or loneliness. Sometimes a person wants to be more successful in relationships or at work, A couple seeks-out a therapist because their frequent bickering has led to frustration, isolation and loneliness, and they don't know how get out of it. You may feel that your partner no longer values you. You need to be heard, valued and supported-to regain the closeness and understanding you once had.
(510) 907-6783 View (510) 907-6783
Photo of Jeanette Lopez-Urbina, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jeanette Lopez-Urbina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
As I have supported youth, adults, and families as a therapist since 2007, I have found the importance of providing compassionate services to support the healing process to those seeking it. I have experience and extensive training in the area of Trauma Recovery (including working with survivors of child abuse, domestic violence, human trafficking, oppression, gang involvement, and community violence). I have also provided services in supporting individuals with improving upon their self-esteem and interpersonal relationships.
As I have supported youth, adults, and families as a therapist since 2007, I have found the importance of providing compassionate services to support the healing process to those seeking it. I have experience and extensive training in the area of Trauma Recovery (including working with survivors of child abuse, domestic violence, human trafficking, oppression, gang involvement, and community violence). I have also provided services in supporting individuals with improving upon their self-esteem and interpersonal relationships.
(510) 957-4740 View (510) 957-4740
Photo of Jacob Donnelly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jacob Donnelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
I am a non-judgmental, active therapist, specializing in substance use/addictions, anxiety, depression, trauma, chronic pain and illness, relationships, and work stress. Prior to private practice, I was the Clinical Director at a San Francisco non-profit serving veterans. I enjoy working with adults, older adults, older teens (16+) and couples. Whether you want to get support around new changes in your life that are causing you pain and worry, or work through problems that have been with you for years, my goal is to help you feel relief, feel empowered, and work through the things that are out of your control.
I am a non-judgmental, active therapist, specializing in substance use/addictions, anxiety, depression, trauma, chronic pain and illness, relationships, and work stress. Prior to private practice, I was the Clinical Director at a San Francisco non-profit serving veterans. I enjoy working with adults, older adults, older teens (16+) and couples. Whether you want to get support around new changes in your life that are causing you pain and worry, or work through problems that have been with you for years, my goal is to help you feel relief, feel empowered, and work through the things that are out of your control.
(510) 399-1667 View (510) 399-1667
Photo of Amy Berner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Amy Berner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707  (Online Only)
Are you grappling with low self-esteem and a sense of hopelessness after a breakup? Welcome to a space where healing begins. As a dedicated Breakup Recovery Specialist, I understand the depths of emotional turmoil that accompany heartbreak. Together, we'll navigate the path to self-discovery, resilience, and renewed hope. I am passionate about empowering individuals to overcome the challenges of a breakup, offering a compassionate and supportive environment.
Are you grappling with low self-esteem and a sense of hopelessness after a breakup? Welcome to a space where healing begins. As a dedicated Breakup Recovery Specialist, I understand the depths of emotional turmoil that accompany heartbreak. Together, we'll navigate the path to self-discovery, resilience, and renewed hope. I am passionate about empowering individuals to overcome the challenges of a breakup, offering a compassionate and supportive environment.
(510) 544-7434 View (510) 544-7434
Photo of Michael Conant, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Michael Conant
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
Not accepting new clients
Our therapy will be collaborative, not a doctor-patient authoritarian model(being troubled does not mean that you are sick). I've trained at Stanford , somatic therapy with Alexander Lowen, Gestalt therapy with Fritz Perls,and led workshops at Esalen Institute for years. We can work together effectively on anxiety, stress, depression,and relationship issues, and any areas of your life that need some kind and intelligent attention. I am direct, warm, and contactful ,and can help you to feel better about yourself and lead your own life rather than that of others. I look forward to talking with you.
Our therapy will be collaborative, not a doctor-patient authoritarian model(being troubled does not mean that you are sick). I've trained at Stanford , somatic therapy with Alexander Lowen, Gestalt therapy with Fritz Perls,and led workshops at Esalen Institute for years. We can work together effectively on anxiety, stress, depression,and relationship issues, and any areas of your life that need some kind and intelligent attention. I am direct, warm, and contactful ,and can help you to feel better about yourself and lead your own life rather than that of others. I look forward to talking with you.
(510) 730-3819 View (510) 730-3819
Photo of Juliane Kowski, Creative Arts Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Juliane Kowski
Creative Arts Therapist, LCAT, MT-BC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709
Music therapy is intended for children, teens and adults who have a strong connection to music, play and art, and who believe that starting with their creativity & strengths can help create therapeutic change. This creative form of therapy uses music in all of its facets. No musical skills are necessary. I work with children and teens who struggle with social-emotional challenges due to trauma, life changes, learning challenges, academic/social pressures that can result in anxiety and depression. For adults, music therapy might provide a richer and more intuitive experience with which to explore and cope with anxiety and depression.
Music therapy is intended for children, teens and adults who have a strong connection to music, play and art, and who believe that starting with their creativity & strengths can help create therapeutic change. This creative form of therapy uses music in all of its facets. No musical skills are necessary. I work with children and teens who struggle with social-emotional challenges due to trauma, life changes, learning challenges, academic/social pressures that can result in anxiety and depression. For adults, music therapy might provide a richer and more intuitive experience with which to explore and cope with anxiety and depression.
(510) 880-3884 View (510) 880-3884
Photo of Susan K Maxwell, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Susan K Maxwell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Even when we are trying to do everything right, things can feel wrong. If you cope with anxiety or are drowning in a difficult work environment, we will find the specific ways your nervous system grounds. If you struggle with depression, we will knit connection and purpose to heal disconnection. If you carry adult or childhood trauma, I offer evidence-based therapies for recovery. When appropriate, we will soften and shift habits through somatic-based practices. Even if you’ve never been interested in anything “spiritual,” meditation and breathing practices can give a frayed mind/body the experience of sanctuary it needs.
Even when we are trying to do everything right, things can feel wrong. If you cope with anxiety or are drowning in a difficult work environment, we will find the specific ways your nervous system grounds. If you struggle with depression, we will knit connection and purpose to heal disconnection. If you carry adult or childhood trauma, I offer evidence-based therapies for recovery. When appropriate, we will soften and shift habits through somatic-based practices. Even if you’ve never been interested in anything “spiritual,” meditation and breathing practices can give a frayed mind/body the experience of sanctuary it needs.
(341) 444-2364 View (341) 444-2364
Photo of William H Ward, Marriage and Family Therapy, Inc., Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
William H Ward, Marriage and Family Therapy, Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, 100349
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710  (Online Only)
Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy, Internal Family Systems, and EMDR are 3 evidenced based approaches I use that can help heal relationships, trauma, depression, and anxiety. My personal recovery from trauma symptoms and substance utilizing IFS and community support have helped me hold a wider space for the pain that drives the behavior of addiction. I hold no judgment for the person seeking help. I hold this view within the context of relationship therapy as well.
Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy, Internal Family Systems, and EMDR are 3 evidenced based approaches I use that can help heal relationships, trauma, depression, and anxiety. My personal recovery from trauma symptoms and substance utilizing IFS and community support have helped me hold a wider space for the pain that drives the behavior of addiction. I hold no judgment for the person seeking help. I hold this view within the context of relationship therapy as well.
(510) 513-0858 View (510) 513-0858
Photo of Ryan Kim Tiêu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Ryan Kim Tiêu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Let's talk about your story. We are surrounded by stories about ourselves, our cultures, and communities. I help trans, queer, and POC people explore the stories that compose our lived experiences of anxiety, depression, gender, immigration, and race. Together, we'll work towards unpacking generational trauma to fortify your mental wellness, communication, boundaries, and intentional living.
Let's talk about your story. We are surrounded by stories about ourselves, our cultures, and communities. I help trans, queer, and POC people explore the stories that compose our lived experiences of anxiety, depression, gender, immigration, and race. Together, we'll work towards unpacking generational trauma to fortify your mental wellness, communication, boundaries, and intentional living.
(909) 340-3042 View (909) 340-3042
Photo of Phuong Le, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Phuong Le
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Hello, My name is Phuong Le. I am a Vietnamese bilingual psychotherapist who would like to bring therapy to people who feel therapy is only accessible to just the few. I am particularly passionate about offering services to people experiencing marginalization. I have been trained in psychodynamic approaches, objects-relations theory, cognitive behavioral therapy approaches and use mindfulness as an integral part of of work with clients. I have worked as a direct service clinician, manager, Clinical Supervisor, and overseeing contracts for mental health provider agencies. I have dedicatedly career to empower and enhance the voice
Hello, My name is Phuong Le. I am a Vietnamese bilingual psychotherapist who would like to bring therapy to people who feel therapy is only accessible to just the few. I am particularly passionate about offering services to people experiencing marginalization. I have been trained in psychodynamic approaches, objects-relations theory, cognitive behavioral therapy approaches and use mindfulness as an integral part of of work with clients. I have worked as a direct service clinician, manager, Clinical Supervisor, and overseeing contracts for mental health provider agencies. I have dedicatedly career to empower and enhance the voice
(341) 766-0650 View (341) 766-0650

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.