Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Monique Pierre-Louis, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Monique Pierre-Louis
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709
Not accepting new clients
We all can benefit from having a space to discuss our thoughts and learn more about ourselves. But deciding to go to therapy can be hard. My experience is working with Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) and members of the LGBTQIA+ community. I have worked with people with various issues including, with anxiety, depression, stress, relational issues, social/racial identity, people pondering life choices, grappling with belonging, dealing with health conditions, struggling with sleep, the elderly, engineers at NASA, and people in the Silicon valley technology community. We all need to be listened to and heard by others.
We all can benefit from having a space to discuss our thoughts and learn more about ourselves. But deciding to go to therapy can be hard. My experience is working with Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) and members of the LGBTQIA+ community. I have worked with people with various issues including, with anxiety, depression, stress, relational issues, social/racial identity, people pondering life choices, grappling with belonging, dealing with health conditions, struggling with sleep, the elderly, engineers at NASA, and people in the Silicon valley technology community. We all need to be listened to and heard by others.
(510) 896-3685 View (510) 896-3685
Photo of Sam Hinds, Psychological Associate in Berkeley, CA
Sam Hinds
Psychological Associate, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
The reasons leading each of us into therapy are as unique as we are individually, though it usually begins with something that brings challenge or suffering. Even amid the uniqueness of our difficulties, however, there are common patterns that unite us in our humanity. Whatever it is that calls you to therapy, I will meet you in the middle—where your common humanity and utter uniqueness come together. I deeply trust we can work together to bring greatest understanding to your process and support you not only in your healing, but also in the unfolding of your potential—indeed, the two go hand-in-hand.
The reasons leading each of us into therapy are as unique as we are individually, though it usually begins with something that brings challenge or suffering. Even amid the uniqueness of our difficulties, however, there are common patterns that unite us in our humanity. Whatever it is that calls you to therapy, I will meet you in the middle—where your common humanity and utter uniqueness come together. I deeply trust we can work together to bring greatest understanding to your process and support you not only in your healing, but also in the unfolding of your potential—indeed, the two go hand-in-hand.
(341) 234-2873 View (341) 234-2873
Photo of Parisa Julia Farrohi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Parisa Julia Farrohi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
I am a bicultural psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience working with children, adults, and families. In addition to private practice, I have clinical experience in community based settings such as schools, mental health centers, foster/adoption care, and psychiatric hospitals. My therapeutic approach is relational trauma informed, rooted in Psycho Dynamic Theory, Dialectal Behavior therapy, Mindful Self-compassion (MSC), and Family Systems.
I am a bicultural psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience working with children, adults, and families. In addition to private practice, I have clinical experience in community based settings such as schools, mental health centers, foster/adoption care, and psychiatric hospitals. My therapeutic approach is relational trauma informed, rooted in Psycho Dynamic Theory, Dialectal Behavior therapy, Mindful Self-compassion (MSC), and Family Systems.
(510) 945-3953 View (510) 945-3953
Photo of Alison Chou, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Berkeley, CA
Alison Chou
Associate Clinical Social Worker, MA, MSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Welcome! My fundamental objective as a therapist is to help clients find and deepen connection – with others as well as with themselves. I seek to co-create warm and well-boundaried relationships that are grounded in safety, healthy attachment and non-judgement. I take an integrative and tailored approach to each client, which takes into account both my own clinical impressions and the client’s interests as well. My practice is informed by tenets of DBT and CBT, as well as mindfulness and somatic techniques. I also work within a strengths-based, trauma-informed lens.
Welcome! My fundamental objective as a therapist is to help clients find and deepen connection – with others as well as with themselves. I seek to co-create warm and well-boundaried relationships that are grounded in safety, healthy attachment and non-judgement. I take an integrative and tailored approach to each client, which takes into account both my own clinical impressions and the client’s interests as well. My practice is informed by tenets of DBT and CBT, as well as mindfulness and somatic techniques. I also work within a strengths-based, trauma-informed lens.
(341) 999-5176 View (341) 999-5176
Photo of Sik-Lam Wong, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sik-Lam Wong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
Do you feel anxious and overwhelmed? Are you on an endless treadmill of conflicts, or under the grip of anger, depression or trauma from the past? I work with individuals and couples on emotional and relationship issues, helping them resolve issues from the past that are affecting their present. Perhaps I can help you resolve your issues also.
Do you feel anxious and overwhelmed? Are you on an endless treadmill of conflicts, or under the grip of anger, depression or trauma from the past? I work with individuals and couples on emotional and relationship issues, helping them resolve issues from the past that are affecting their present. Perhaps I can help you resolve your issues also.
(510) 500-8567 View (510) 500-8567
Photo of Dara Javid, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Dara Javid
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, JD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94708  (Online Only)
My clients have survived traumas big and small that have profoundly impacted their worldview. Now, they find themselves drained of the strength they once drew from. While many around you know you as the strong one, this time, you don't think you can make it through. You might be feeling stock in a challenging life situation, grappling with impostor syndrome, or are feeling overwhelmed by the intensity of your feelings. However, now you sense that you are ready to slow down and heal. You want a therapist who gets your struggles and your resilience. You want healing on your own terms and I can facilitate that.
My clients have survived traumas big and small that have profoundly impacted their worldview. Now, they find themselves drained of the strength they once drew from. While many around you know you as the strong one, this time, you don't think you can make it through. You might be feeling stock in a challenging life situation, grappling with impostor syndrome, or are feeling overwhelmed by the intensity of your feelings. However, now you sense that you are ready to slow down and heal. You want a therapist who gets your struggles and your resilience. You want healing on your own terms and I can facilitate that.
(510) 984-9640 View (510) 984-9640
Photo of Yusef Malenky, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Yusef Malenky
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Not accepting new clients
Although I work with a broad spectrum of clients and issues, I specialize in youth and family issues and offer home visits as scheduling allows. My clinical experience has been in school and office settings. I work with clients on issues such as child development, adolescence, parenting, and blended families (lifespan issues, broadly speaking). In addition to lifespan development, I am very comfortable working with anger, anxiety, depression, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Although I work with a broad spectrum of clients and issues, I specialize in youth and family issues and offer home visits as scheduling allows. My clinical experience has been in school and office settings. I work with clients on issues such as child development, adolescence, parenting, and blended families (lifespan issues, broadly speaking). In addition to lifespan development, I am very comfortable working with anger, anxiety, depression, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
(510) 879-5804 View (510) 879-5804
Photo of Willa Walter, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Willa Walter
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I have been working or volunteering with adolescents and adults for the past 25 years. In my most recent position as group psychotherapist/treatment coordinator in an adolescent partial hospitalization program, I have provided individual, group, and family therapy for teens struggling with an array of mental health challenges. These include depression, anxiety, chronic suicidal ideation, self-harming behaviors, PTSD, family strain, and self-esteem issues. My work with adults has centered around many of the issues mentioned above, as well as life transitions, marital conflict, loss, and parenting.
I have been working or volunteering with adolescents and adults for the past 25 years. In my most recent position as group psychotherapist/treatment coordinator in an adolescent partial hospitalization program, I have provided individual, group, and family therapy for teens struggling with an array of mental health challenges. These include depression, anxiety, chronic suicidal ideation, self-harming behaviors, PTSD, family strain, and self-esteem issues. My work with adults has centered around many of the issues mentioned above, as well as life transitions, marital conflict, loss, and parenting.
(341) 999-7961 View (341) 999-7961
Photo of Samantha Elisabetta Tomarchio, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Samantha Elisabetta Tomarchio
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, AASECT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Seeking to deepen your intimacy in relationships with romantic and/or non-romantic partners? Desiring a fuller sexual expression & pleasure in your experience? Have you desired to enliven your sex life? Or, perhaps you are desiring restorative healing, justice, & repair from childhood sexual abuse / have had non-consensual, sexual experiences; either being the victim or the transgressor and require integral support. I can help you. I facilitate individuals and couples heal and recover from personal, collective, and intergenerational trauma to come back into authentic, embodied connection through intimacy from the inside out.
Seeking to deepen your intimacy in relationships with romantic and/or non-romantic partners? Desiring a fuller sexual expression & pleasure in your experience? Have you desired to enliven your sex life? Or, perhaps you are desiring restorative healing, justice, & repair from childhood sexual abuse / have had non-consensual, sexual experiences; either being the victim or the transgressor and require integral support. I can help you. I facilitate individuals and couples heal and recover from personal, collective, and intergenerational trauma to come back into authentic, embodied connection through intimacy from the inside out.
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Photo of Grace Ramzi Kiriakos, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Grace Ramzi Kiriakos
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
You may be navigating identity issues, feeling stuck in one or more areas of your life, wanting to experience more connection in relationships, or seeking a time and space that is totally separate from the other parts of your life—where you can pause, think, and feel in the privacy of a therapy relationship. I'll attempt to engage you in a co-created process of inquiry about your subjective experience (what you are feeling and thinking). I approach psychotherapy collaboratively, meaning, we will do this together.
You may be navigating identity issues, feeling stuck in one or more areas of your life, wanting to experience more connection in relationships, or seeking a time and space that is totally separate from the other parts of your life—where you can pause, think, and feel in the privacy of a therapy relationship. I'll attempt to engage you in a co-created process of inquiry about your subjective experience (what you are feeling and thinking). I approach psychotherapy collaboratively, meaning, we will do this together.
(510) 619-0342 View (510) 619-0342
Photo of Nicki Koethner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Nicki Koethner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Are you anxious, depressed and tired? Are you feeling emotional for no reason? Feeling disoriented and lonely? Questioning everything in your life? I help people to deeply listen inside and let their choices be based on what is true for them. While pain and emotions are part of being human, suffering can be minimized by allowing what is inside of us to be expressed and find acceptance in our experiences. I support you to move through trauma, anxiety, anger and depression to empowerment. Stress-management is part of the work and looking at communication with ourselves and others to have fulfilling relationships.
Are you anxious, depressed and tired? Are you feeling emotional for no reason? Feeling disoriented and lonely? Questioning everything in your life? I help people to deeply listen inside and let their choices be based on what is true for them. While pain and emotions are part of being human, suffering can be minimized by allowing what is inside of us to be expressed and find acceptance in our experiences. I support you to move through trauma, anxiety, anger and depression to empowerment. Stress-management is part of the work and looking at communication with ourselves and others to have fulfilling relationships.
(510) 606-9884 View (510) 606-9884
Photo of Angela Vincent Polk, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Angela Vincent Polk
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Not accepting new clients
I work with clients virtually, in nature, or in person. I prefer to work with a client who will come to sessions even when it is challenging. I allow the therapy relationship to open up space for safe exploration of the realities of life, ways to cope with reality and improve spiritual and mental strength. Therefore, my client would demonstrate commitment to the therapy relationship, whether for brief therapy or long-term work, by doing the work necessary to understand the self and make necessary life decisions to maximize the availability of life energy.
I work with clients virtually, in nature, or in person. I prefer to work with a client who will come to sessions even when it is challenging. I allow the therapy relationship to open up space for safe exploration of the realities of life, ways to cope with reality and improve spiritual and mental strength. Therefore, my client would demonstrate commitment to the therapy relationship, whether for brief therapy or long-term work, by doing the work necessary to understand the self and make necessary life decisions to maximize the availability of life energy.
(510) 876-4753 View (510) 876-4753
Photo of Baljeet Heyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Baljeet Heyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
If you’re experiencing anxiety or trauma, I can help. Trauma, particularly from early childhood can have a deep impact on your self-esteem, relationships and functioning. You may struggle with perfectionism, people pleasing or codependency. Your nervous system may be dsyregulated which can lead to feeling flooded with emotions and or exhausted. This can lead to adaptions which may have serious consequences. Some interventions I use with clients include EMDR, Internal Family Systems, somatic therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, art, sandplay and play therapy. Which interventions are based on your preferences and fit.
If you’re experiencing anxiety or trauma, I can help. Trauma, particularly from early childhood can have a deep impact on your self-esteem, relationships and functioning. You may struggle with perfectionism, people pleasing or codependency. Your nervous system may be dsyregulated which can lead to feeling flooded with emotions and or exhausted. This can lead to adaptions which may have serious consequences. Some interventions I use with clients include EMDR, Internal Family Systems, somatic therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, art, sandplay and play therapy. Which interventions are based on your preferences and fit.
(510) 254-3478 View (510) 254-3478
Photo of Tali Barr, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Tali Barr
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94708  (Online Only)
I believe that the most effective route to change and healing is through self awareness, I strive to work towards that end in all the therapy I do, both with couples and with individuals. I have found that there is no more powerful tool for breaking old patterns and affecting real change than self knowledge. With people who are curious and willing to look inward, I can help them do deep work and find out who they are and why they do the things they do..
I believe that the most effective route to change and healing is through self awareness, I strive to work towards that end in all the therapy I do, both with couples and with individuals. I have found that there is no more powerful tool for breaking old patterns and affecting real change than self knowledge. With people who are curious and willing to look inward, I can help them do deep work and find out who they are and why they do the things they do..
(510) 408-7798 View (510) 408-7798
Photo of Sophie Soltani, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Sophie Soltani
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
I strongly believe in an individual's ability to change and improve the quality of his or her life. I view my role as a catalyst for transformation, and work to create a safe collaborative environment of mutual trust, where any issue can be discussed and explored in depth: www.drsophiesoltani.com
I strongly believe in an individual's ability to change and improve the quality of his or her life. I view my role as a catalyst for transformation, and work to create a safe collaborative environment of mutual trust, where any issue can be discussed and explored in depth: www.drsophiesoltani.com
(510) 431-2835 View (510) 431-2835
Photo of Monica Z. Nowakowski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Monica Z. Nowakowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
With compassion and humor I provide a safe place for adults to get help with personal situations such as relationship/work stress, break-ups, retirement, chronic/ life-threatening illness and disability, depression, anxiety, dementia, care-giving of people of all ages, and "coming out". Life transitions have a common thread - loss, grief, and opportunity. Even joyful experiences can be difficult. You may feel stuck, out-of-control or have worrisome regrets and anxiety. You may feel "at a loss", you can't just "shake it off", or feel "it's taking a toll" on you.
With compassion and humor I provide a safe place for adults to get help with personal situations such as relationship/work stress, break-ups, retirement, chronic/ life-threatening illness and disability, depression, anxiety, dementia, care-giving of people of all ages, and "coming out". Life transitions have a common thread - loss, grief, and opportunity. Even joyful experiences can be difficult. You may feel stuck, out-of-control or have worrisome regrets and anxiety. You may feel "at a loss", you can't just "shake it off", or feel "it's taking a toll" on you.
(510) 662-6114 View (510) 662-6114
Photo of Stephanie Wise, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Stephanie Wise
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSCP, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Do you and your partner struggle to talk about difficult topics? Maybe the issues aren't that big but for some reason things keep getting blown up to big fights? Maybe you've gone through a life transition or are about to go through one and want to have space to process how you've changed? My speciality is unlocking the secrets of happy relationships. I use research backed interventions to help you build intimacy, improve communication, and avoid common conflict roadblocks. Whether you are looking to process a breakup, learn to find healthy connection, strengthen your love, or reconnect and get back on track, therapy can help.
Do you and your partner struggle to talk about difficult topics? Maybe the issues aren't that big but for some reason things keep getting blown up to big fights? Maybe you've gone through a life transition or are about to go through one and want to have space to process how you've changed? My speciality is unlocking the secrets of happy relationships. I use research backed interventions to help you build intimacy, improve communication, and avoid common conflict roadblocks. Whether you are looking to process a breakup, learn to find healthy connection, strengthen your love, or reconnect and get back on track, therapy can help.
(341) 946-4275 View (341) 946-4275
Photo of Janice A Schmidt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Janice A Schmidt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
Ready to thrive in your life? I provide therapy for people who want to change patterns and are seeking increased consciousness in every moment. People who have worked with me say they feel safe and compassionately supported. My presence and guidance can assist you in making small but significant changes in your life, create a deeper understanding of yourself and your emotional states, and clarify your thought patterns. Together, we will identify and engage your intuition, and develop your personal strengths providing resilience.
Ready to thrive in your life? I provide therapy for people who want to change patterns and are seeking increased consciousness in every moment. People who have worked with me say they feel safe and compassionately supported. My presence and guidance can assist you in making small but significant changes in your life, create a deeper understanding of yourself and your emotional states, and clarify your thought patterns. Together, we will identify and engage your intuition, and develop your personal strengths providing resilience.
(510) 497-0058 View (510) 497-0058
Mark Francis Dolan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I work with clients work on a variety of issues including, but not limited to, ways to better manage anxiety, strategies to reduce rumination, and techniques to help when we are feeling overwhelmed or depressed. We may at times question the role of meaning in our lives and so I strive to create a trusting space to reflect on these deeper issues as well.
I work with clients work on a variety of issues including, but not limited to, ways to better manage anxiety, strategies to reduce rumination, and techniques to help when we are feeling overwhelmed or depressed. We may at times question the role of meaning in our lives and so I strive to create a trusting space to reflect on these deeper issues as well.
(510) 916-2460 View (510) 916-2460
Photo of Rachel Heitler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Rachel Heitler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist with expertise in treating anxiety and stress-related disorders. I apply evidence-based techniques and teach clients concrete skills to help address unhelpful thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and behaviors. I strive to build a positive and supportive environment for my clients while setting high expectations for what they can accomplish.
I am a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist with expertise in treating anxiety and stress-related disorders. I apply evidence-based techniques and teach clients concrete skills to help address unhelpful thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and behaviors. I strive to build a positive and supportive environment for my clients while setting high expectations for what they can accomplish.
(510) 674-1839 View (510) 674-1839

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.