Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

Photo of Jon E Harris, Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Jon E Harris
Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
It is my privilege to help people confront relational and emotional health problems they may face when life's problems become overwhelming. My counseling practice primarily focuses on helping individuals and couples come to a place of restoration in their individual and relational lives whether dealing with a marriage in crisis or an individual emotional, behavioral or spiritual crisis. Please give me a call if I can help you with any of your counseling needs.
It is my privilege to help people confront relational and emotional health problems they may face when life's problems become overwhelming. My counseling practice primarily focuses on helping individuals and couples come to a place of restoration in their individual and relational lives whether dealing with a marriage in crisis or an individual emotional, behavioral or spiritual crisis. Please give me a call if I can help you with any of your counseling needs.
(423) 650-4794 View (423) 650-4794
Photo of Jas Sullivan Milam, Art Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Jas Sullivan Milam
Art Therapist, ATR/BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Have you tried talk therapy but still feel stuck? I am an artist and art therapist with over 35 years of personal recovery. My background is in 12 Step models, Jungian psychology, family systems and lots of art making experience. YOU DO NOT NEED ART TRAINING OR TALENT TO BENEFIT FROM ART THERAPY. Because art is a right-brained function, art therapy can be especially useful to people who are "too smart" for talk therapy. I have also begun using art to process trauma as well. Interested? Schedule an assessment!
Have you tried talk therapy but still feel stuck? I am an artist and art therapist with over 35 years of personal recovery. My background is in 12 Step models, Jungian psychology, family systems and lots of art making experience. YOU DO NOT NEED ART TRAINING OR TALENT TO BENEFIT FROM ART THERAPY. Because art is a right-brained function, art therapy can be especially useful to people who are "too smart" for talk therapy. I have also begun using art to process trauma as well. Interested? Schedule an assessment!
(423) 708-4228 View (423) 708-4228
Photo of Emu Aragon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Emu Aragon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCMHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37403  (Online Only)
Clients I see are typically wrestling with experiences that have impacted the way they view themselves, relationships, and the world around them. These experiences often leave us feeling wounded, unable to reconnect with ourselves or others. If this resonates with you, we might be a good fit for each other. As a wounded healer myself I seek to support you on your road to healing in a way that honors your unique set of values, beliefs, and cultural identity. I strive to take the time to get to know you, helping you to feel seen, heard, and understood. Who you want to be is possible. Your story, as it is, doesn't have to define you.
Clients I see are typically wrestling with experiences that have impacted the way they view themselves, relationships, and the world around them. These experiences often leave us feeling wounded, unable to reconnect with ourselves or others. If this resonates with you, we might be a good fit for each other. As a wounded healer myself I seek to support you on your road to healing in a way that honors your unique set of values, beliefs, and cultural identity. I strive to take the time to get to know you, helping you to feel seen, heard, and understood. Who you want to be is possible. Your story, as it is, doesn't have to define you.
(423) 592-8163 View (423) 592-8163
Photo of Paige Landry, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Paige Landry
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37411
Hi, I’m so glad you’re here. I truly believe that we are all wired for connection, and that we find healing in relationships in which we are seen, heard, and valued. Your story matters to me. I hope to provide a warm, safe, and nurturing space for you to show up exactly as you are. I view the process of therapy as relational and collaborative, and I want you to know that you don’t have to do this work alone.
Hi, I’m so glad you’re here. I truly believe that we are all wired for connection, and that we find healing in relationships in which we are seen, heard, and valued. Your story matters to me. I hope to provide a warm, safe, and nurturing space for you to show up exactly as you are. I view the process of therapy as relational and collaborative, and I want you to know that you don’t have to do this work alone.
(423) 521-0175 View (423) 521-0175
Photo of Patricia (Trish) Proctor, Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Patricia (Trish) Proctor
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37415
My clients come from various walks of life from very young (18 months) to very mature (90 years +). They bring with them concerns relating to past, present, and even anticipated future experiences. They learn skills with which they are able to more effectively deal with challenges that are interfering with their ability to effectively engage in daily life, with the ultimate goal of moving on with their lives beyond me.
My clients come from various walks of life from very young (18 months) to very mature (90 years +). They bring with them concerns relating to past, present, and even anticipated future experiences. They learn skills with which they are able to more effectively deal with challenges that are interfering with their ability to effectively engage in daily life, with the ultimate goal of moving on with their lives beyond me.
(423) 616-9216 View (423) 616-9216
Photo of Suzanne Kent, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Suzanne Kent
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Not Verified Not Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37403
Thank you for reading my profile. It can be hard to ask for help. Over many years in practice I have studied many different theories and techniques of counseling and psychotherapy, so hopefully I can find ideas and tools to help you with whatever issues you bring. I do not claim to be the best therapist for everyone but I will do my best.
Thank you for reading my profile. It can be hard to ask for help. Over many years in practice I have studied many different theories and techniques of counseling and psychotherapy, so hopefully I can find ideas and tools to help you with whatever issues you bring. I do not claim to be the best therapist for everyone but I will do my best.
(423) 455-5419 View (423) 455-5419
Photo of Michelle Waldrop (Johnson), Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Michelle Waldrop (Johnson)
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA-CMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37404
I am passionate about story, visual arts, paying attention to attachment wounds, and a holistic view of the person as emotional, spiritual, and physical. I enjoy using therapeutic art practices with my clients to explore many aspects of hurt and healing. I have several years of experience working in mental and behavioral health treatment, with a variety of ages. I currently desire to work with adolescents and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, OCD, codependency, trauma post-traumatic stress, and other life stressors. I believe we are formed by both the things we have experienced and the relationships we have been a part of.
I am passionate about story, visual arts, paying attention to attachment wounds, and a holistic view of the person as emotional, spiritual, and physical. I enjoy using therapeutic art practices with my clients to explore many aspects of hurt and healing. I have several years of experience working in mental and behavioral health treatment, with a variety of ages. I currently desire to work with adolescents and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, OCD, codependency, trauma post-traumatic stress, and other life stressors. I believe we are formed by both the things we have experienced and the relationships we have been a part of.
(423) 250-9433 View (423) 250-9433
Photo of Erin Swem, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Erin Swem
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
It is hard to see our own worth when we feel ignored or devalued by the world. The LGBTQIA+ community is particularly vulnerable to relational and spiritual trauma, leading to feelings of shame and worthlessness, and making them more susceptible to depression, anxiety, poor sense of self, etc. Over the last 5 years, I have worked with individuals from all walks of life dealing with these and a multitude of other issues as they have allowed me to be a part of their healing process.
It is hard to see our own worth when we feel ignored or devalued by the world. The LGBTQIA+ community is particularly vulnerable to relational and spiritual trauma, leading to feelings of shame and worthlessness, and making them more susceptible to depression, anxiety, poor sense of self, etc. Over the last 5 years, I have worked with individuals from all walks of life dealing with these and a multitude of other issues as they have allowed me to be a part of their healing process.
(423) 556-4938 View (423) 556-4938
Photo of Austin Murray, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Austin Murray
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404  (Online Only)
Austin is a licensed Marriage and Family therapist who is enthusiastic about helping clients find positive change. He has experience working with individuals, couples, and families from a multiplicity of backgrounds, and enjoys finding out what “clicks” with each person. Austin employs creative techniques to help clients feel comfortable and confident during sessions, and he believes that incorporating an individual’s interests, hobbies, and passions into the therapeutic process can bolster their involvement and improve outcomes.
Austin is a licensed Marriage and Family therapist who is enthusiastic about helping clients find positive change. He has experience working with individuals, couples, and families from a multiplicity of backgrounds, and enjoys finding out what “clicks” with each person. Austin employs creative techniques to help clients feel comfortable and confident during sessions, and he believes that incorporating an individual’s interests, hobbies, and passions into the therapeutic process can bolster their involvement and improve outcomes.
(423) 401-6779 View (423) 401-6779
Photo of Allie Haskew, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Allie Haskew
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-, MHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
I believe that the role of a counselor is to be a "fellow traveler" for someone struggling with the difficulties of life. I am passionate about meeting people in the midst of their struggles and helping them navigate the delicate balance of acceptance and change. I am also a Certified Intuitive Eating Counselor who can help those on their journey to making peace with food and their body. Whether you are experiencing depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, addictions, relationship distress, or trauma, we can work together to help you experience a life worth living.
I believe that the role of a counselor is to be a "fellow traveler" for someone struggling with the difficulties of life. I am passionate about meeting people in the midst of their struggles and helping them navigate the delicate balance of acceptance and change. I am also a Certified Intuitive Eating Counselor who can help those on their journey to making peace with food and their body. Whether you are experiencing depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, addictions, relationship distress, or trauma, we can work together to help you experience a life worth living.
(423) 564-5350 View (423) 564-5350
Photo of Griffin Hatcliff, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Griffin Hatcliff
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37409
Depression, Anxiety, family conflict and general reactivity are each common experiences in one's life. I work to provide an individualized treatment plan for each person walking through these common experiences. I believe that by fostering curiosity and compassion about ourselves and our own experiences, we learn to react to others in this same way. I work with a wide range of clients varying in age, demographics, beliefs, backgrounds and goals. I work to facilitate this curious and compassionate environment in which my clients can work toward decreasing reactivity through increasing self understanding.
Depression, Anxiety, family conflict and general reactivity are each common experiences in one's life. I work to provide an individualized treatment plan for each person walking through these common experiences. I believe that by fostering curiosity and compassion about ourselves and our own experiences, we learn to react to others in this same way. I work with a wide range of clients varying in age, demographics, beliefs, backgrounds and goals. I work to facilitate this curious and compassionate environment in which my clients can work toward decreasing reactivity through increasing self understanding.
(423) 205-1112 x103 View (423) 205-1112 x103
Photo of Greg Seymour, Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Greg Seymour
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Over the past 15 years, I have loved working with every angle of the family. If you looked at my schedule on any given day, you'd probably see a few married couples, some exhausted and burnt-out parents, a college student, a 4th-12th grader, someone having an affair, someone who has been crushed by a loss or a person who is wrestling through their attraction to the same gender. I often find that a person's willingness to come in and simply talk about things creates at least 50% of the change they are looking for.
Over the past 15 years, I have loved working with every angle of the family. If you looked at my schedule on any given day, you'd probably see a few married couples, some exhausted and burnt-out parents, a college student, a 4th-12th grader, someone having an affair, someone who has been crushed by a loss or a person who is wrestling through their attraction to the same gender. I often find that a person's willingness to come in and simply talk about things creates at least 50% of the change they are looking for.
(423) 328-8649 View (423) 328-8649
Photo of Come As You Are Art Therapy, Art Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Come As You Are Art Therapy
Art Therapist, MA, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37415
You find yourself in a reoccurring pattern that you don't know how to break- You do SO much for others, understanding the importance of caring for yourself too, yet you find that it's difficult to trust them with the "too-much-ness"/ "intense emotion" that you've been accused of possessing. You're left to carry it on your own, not wanting to burden others with your struggles. You wish you could shut off that nagging, critical voice in your head & all the self-doubt that comes with it. Maybe, at times, you feel as if the tug-of-war of thoughts & emotions is too messy & overwhelming to touch. You think, "Maybe 'they' were right."...
You find yourself in a reoccurring pattern that you don't know how to break- You do SO much for others, understanding the importance of caring for yourself too, yet you find that it's difficult to trust them with the "too-much-ness"/ "intense emotion" that you've been accused of possessing. You're left to carry it on your own, not wanting to burden others with your struggles. You wish you could shut off that nagging, critical voice in your head & all the self-doubt that comes with it. Maybe, at times, you feel as if the tug-of-war of thoughts & emotions is too messy & overwhelming to touch. You think, "Maybe 'they' were right."...
(423) 205-5769 View (423) 205-5769
Photo of Heather Wright, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Heather Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404  (Online Only)
I’m here to support and guide you while navigating what feels overwhelming and difficult right now. I work with ages 16+ struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, or coping with life transitions such as divorce or loss of a loved one. I also have 10 years experience supporting transgender folx- providing a safe, affirming space.
I’m here to support and guide you while navigating what feels overwhelming and difficult right now. I work with ages 16+ struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, or coping with life transitions such as divorce or loss of a loved one. I also have 10 years experience supporting transgender folx- providing a safe, affirming space.
(423) 427-2838 View (423) 427-2838
Photo of Shea Collins M Ed, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Shea Collins M Ed
Pre-Licensed Professional, M, Ed
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Life has thrown you yet another curve ball, the rug has once again been pulled out from under you. You confide in your friends, family, or co-workers, and yet their advice leaves you feeling more alone and reaching for whatever you can to just get through the day. If you could just get past the past, or feel less uncertain about the future, then everything would be okay, right?
Life has thrown you yet another curve ball, the rug has once again been pulled out from under you. You confide in your friends, family, or co-workers, and yet their advice leaves you feeling more alone and reaching for whatever you can to just get through the day. If you could just get past the past, or feel less uncertain about the future, then everything would be okay, right?
(423) 401-0681 View (423) 401-0681
Photo of Justin Holyfield, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chattanooga, TN
Justin Holyfield
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37405
Art has been integral to human development and expression. For centuries art has been used to explore, explain, and express both our emotions and the world around us. In art therapy sessions we utilize artistic mediums such as: watercolors, pencils, markers, paint, and clay as well as more traditional talk therapy elements to tackle complex feelings and emotions, to dive into self identity, decrease stress, and everything that sits in between. I enjoy working with LGBTQ+, religious trauma, Internal family systems, identity formation, and depressive and anxiety disorders. But I am open to anyone who is interested in art therapy
Art has been integral to human development and expression. For centuries art has been used to explore, explain, and express both our emotions and the world around us. In art therapy sessions we utilize artistic mediums such as: watercolors, pencils, markers, paint, and clay as well as more traditional talk therapy elements to tackle complex feelings and emotions, to dive into self identity, decrease stress, and everything that sits in between. I enjoy working with LGBTQ+, religious trauma, Internal family systems, identity formation, and depressive and anxiety disorders. But I am open to anyone who is interested in art therapy
(423) 840-7816 View (423) 840-7816
Photo of Patrick Oellerich, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Patrick Oellerich
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Hey there! I'm a therapist that specializes in couple's therapy and individual therapy for men ages 15-35. My primary expertise are in trauma reprocessing/integration, infidelity recovery/repair, and attachment maintenance in family systems. On any given day you could find me helping a young man processing life's struggles, a couple seeking healing from a constant sense of disconnection, or a family needing deeper connection through new experiences of one another. Whatever the situation, I love coming alongside others to journey with them towards wholeheartedness.
Hey there! I'm a therapist that specializes in couple's therapy and individual therapy for men ages 15-35. My primary expertise are in trauma reprocessing/integration, infidelity recovery/repair, and attachment maintenance in family systems. On any given day you could find me helping a young man processing life's struggles, a couple seeking healing from a constant sense of disconnection, or a family needing deeper connection through new experiences of one another. Whatever the situation, I love coming alongside others to journey with them towards wholeheartedness.
(423) 220-4508 View (423) 220-4508
Photo of Sarah Francis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chattanooga, TN
Sarah Francis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37419
One of the most difficult challenges we face as parents is watching your child struggle and not knowing how to help. Parents look for a therapist to help their child overcome trauma, aggression, impulsive behaviors, anxiety, and low self esteem. Developing a strong therapeutic relationship provides the safety and connection that is key for therapy to be helpful. It is the foundation from which to explore and understand your feelings and experiences. I am active and collaborative in listening, inquiring, and guiding your child and family. I want to help you and your family overcome the challenges and struggles that life brings.
One of the most difficult challenges we face as parents is watching your child struggle and not knowing how to help. Parents look for a therapist to help their child overcome trauma, aggression, impulsive behaviors, anxiety, and low self esteem. Developing a strong therapeutic relationship provides the safety and connection that is key for therapy to be helpful. It is the foundation from which to explore and understand your feelings and experiences. I am active and collaborative in listening, inquiring, and guiding your child and family. I want to help you and your family overcome the challenges and struggles that life brings.
(423) 205-5961 View (423) 205-5961
Photo of Eric Hudson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Eric Hudson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Dealing with problematic sexual behavior can lead to feelings of despair and hopelessness. Whether its trying to stop looking at porn or other compulsive sexual behavior, generalized therapy is not enough. Working with someone who understands the complexities of sex/porn addiction and infidelity and how they impact relationships can make all the difference. Whether you are facing the problematic sexual behavior yourself or dealing with the chaos in the life of a loved one I can help. Call today for a free 15 min consultation to find out how I can help.
Dealing with problematic sexual behavior can lead to feelings of despair and hopelessness. Whether its trying to stop looking at porn or other compulsive sexual behavior, generalized therapy is not enough. Working with someone who understands the complexities of sex/porn addiction and infidelity and how they impact relationships can make all the difference. Whether you are facing the problematic sexual behavior yourself or dealing with the chaos in the life of a loved one I can help. Call today for a free 15 min consultation to find out how I can help.
(423) 380-1470 View (423) 380-1470
Photo of Danielle Phillips, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chattanooga, TN
Danielle Phillips
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chattanooga, TN 37404  (Online Only)
Danielle Phillips is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 3 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping individuals, adolescents, and parents overcome challenges and live happier lives. Danielle specializes in anxiety, stress, depression, coping skills, parenting issues, self-esteem, and women's issues.
Danielle Phillips is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 3 years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about helping individuals, adolescents, and parents overcome challenges and live happier lives. Danielle specializes in anxiety, stress, depression, coping skills, parenting issues, self-esteem, and women's issues.
(423) 455-5239 View (423) 455-5239

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

400+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Chattanooga, TN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
76% Coping Skills
74% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Cigna and Evernorth
71% Aetna
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chattanooga, TN see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chattanooga?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.