Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Patricia Bishop, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Patricia Bishop
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Have you recently experienced the death of a loved one or beloved pet? Do you struggle with feelings of regret, guilt, or isolation? Well-intentioned messages from others may be to “just push through it” or "give it time." However, we are often left feeling alone and uncertain about how we are supposed to resume our relationships, careers and lives. For some, unresolved grief can lead to poor physical health and a lower quality of life. Grief is not a sign that you are unwell or unevolved. It means that you have loved and you wanted love to continue. Love and life beyond the loss is possible.
Have you recently experienced the death of a loved one or beloved pet? Do you struggle with feelings of regret, guilt, or isolation? Well-intentioned messages from others may be to “just push through it” or "give it time." However, we are often left feeling alone and uncertain about how we are supposed to resume our relationships, careers and lives. For some, unresolved grief can lead to poor physical health and a lower quality of life. Grief is not a sign that you are unwell or unevolved. It means that you have loved and you wanted love to continue. Love and life beyond the loss is possible.
(865) 401-9756 View (865) 401-9756
Photo of Melissa Rose, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Melissa Rose
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, -MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
As an experienced child and family therapist, I am committed to helping families become happy, healthy, and whole. My area of expertise includes early childhood development, trauma, and childhood mental health. I am experienced in the treatment of a wide range of issues including ADHD, anxiety, depression, trauma/PTSD, and behavioral issues. Other issues I commonly work with are emotion dysregulation, school-related difficulties, and parenting challenges.
As an experienced child and family therapist, I am committed to helping families become happy, healthy, and whole. My area of expertise includes early childhood development, trauma, and childhood mental health. I am experienced in the treatment of a wide range of issues including ADHD, anxiety, depression, trauma/PTSD, and behavioral issues. Other issues I commonly work with are emotion dysregulation, school-related difficulties, and parenting challenges.
(865) 269-9047 View (865) 269-9047
Photo of P.J. Alexander, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
P.J. Alexander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CT, CCTP, BCD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed therapist and hold specialty certifications in Grief/Thanantology (Association of Death Education and Counseling), Clinical Certified Trauma Professional (IATP) & EMDR Level II certification. I have worked with many clients following traumatic loss or those experiencing anxiety, depression, past or current abusive situations, post abortion stress syndrome (PASS), parenting special needs children, or chronic or life shortening illnesses. I also offer a monthly support group for those seeking healing after the suicide of a significant person in their life (see information in "groups" below)
I am a licensed therapist and hold specialty certifications in Grief/Thanantology (Association of Death Education and Counseling), Clinical Certified Trauma Professional (IATP) & EMDR Level II certification. I have worked with many clients following traumatic loss or those experiencing anxiety, depression, past or current abusive situations, post abortion stress syndrome (PASS), parenting special needs children, or chronic or life shortening illnesses. I also offer a monthly support group for those seeking healing after the suicide of a significant person in their life (see information in "groups" below)
(865) 498-9999 View (865) 498-9999
Photo of Dr. Camden Morgante, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Dr. Camden Morgante
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
Imagine having healthier relationships, balanced emotions, and better boundaries. You might be dealing with problems in your relationships with your spouse, family, or friends. You are a “people pleaser” who can't say no and often puts yourself on the backburner. You may say “I don’t deal well with emotions” or feel like your emotions get the best of you. After a recent life change or relationship issue, such as a difficult marriage, motherhood, or divorce, you may feel like you don’t know who you are any more. Let's find YOU again. If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationships, I am here to help.
Imagine having healthier relationships, balanced emotions, and better boundaries. You might be dealing with problems in your relationships with your spouse, family, or friends. You are a “people pleaser” who can't say no and often puts yourself on the backburner. You may say “I don’t deal well with emotions” or feel like your emotions get the best of you. After a recent life change or relationship issue, such as a difficult marriage, motherhood, or divorce, you may feel like you don’t know who you are any more. Let's find YOU again. If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationships, I am here to help.
(865) 426-1427 View (865) 426-1427
Photo of Chandler Elliott, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Chandler Elliott
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919  (Online Only)
If you have ever been asked, "Do you even have emotions?" or told, "You are not processing the way you probably should", it can be overwhelming and confusing. I may be of help if you process life a little different than the average person. I work primarily with teenagers, college students, and young adults. I specialize in helping those experiencing anxiety, depression, grief and loss, trauma, family and relationship issues, and life transitions. I am passionate about meeting clients where they are working collaboratively towards their goals through a calm and genuine approach.
If you have ever been asked, "Do you even have emotions?" or told, "You are not processing the way you probably should", it can be overwhelming and confusing. I may be of help if you process life a little different than the average person. I work primarily with teenagers, college students, and young adults. I specialize in helping those experiencing anxiety, depression, grief and loss, trauma, family and relationship issues, and life transitions. I am passionate about meeting clients where they are working collaboratively towards their goals through a calm and genuine approach.
(865) 302-3687 View (865) 302-3687
Photo of Robert Gregory, Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Robert Gregory
Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37912
I am an independent and board certified provider of counseling services. I have worked in mental health since 1997 and received his Masters of Mental Health Counseling from the University of Tennessee in 2000. Prior to my time in private practice I was fortunate to work with a diverse population facing a broad spectrum of clinical issues in the community and area mental health centers. I have done extensive work as a counselor with children and families. I enjoy assisting children, couples, and families find success within themselves while facing mental health issues.
I am an independent and board certified provider of counseling services. I have worked in mental health since 1997 and received his Masters of Mental Health Counseling from the University of Tennessee in 2000. Prior to my time in private practice I was fortunate to work with a diverse population facing a broad spectrum of clinical issues in the community and area mental health centers. I have done extensive work as a counselor with children and families. I enjoy assisting children, couples, and families find success within themselves while facing mental health issues.
(865) 366-4818 View (865) 366-4818
Photo of Jillian Creswell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Jillian Creswell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37917
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling with challenges related to daily stressors, past trauma or life transitions? I understand that change can be scary, and I am here to help clients through this process. I enjoy working with adults as they navigate life changes, learn skills for managing stress, and improve relationships. I have experience with teens, college students and young professionals, as they explore self-identity, family conflict, and challenges related to work/life balance. I am also passionate about helping clients heal from childhood trauma and find new ways to manage emotions.
Are you struggling with challenges related to daily stressors, past trauma or life transitions? I understand that change can be scary, and I am here to help clients through this process. I enjoy working with adults as they navigate life changes, learn skills for managing stress, and improve relationships. I have experience with teens, college students and young professionals, as they explore self-identity, family conflict, and challenges related to work/life balance. I am also passionate about helping clients heal from childhood trauma and find new ways to manage emotions.
(865) 270-4729 View (865) 270-4729
Photo of Elissa Winzenburg, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Elissa Winzenburg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
Waitlist for new clients
Navigating life's challenges requires a safe and trusting space. As a counselor, I deeply appreciate the courage it takes to open up and connect. In the heart of my practice lies a profound respect for the therapeutic relationship, which I believe serves as the cornerstone for healing. While working with children and adults in a variety of settings I have developed a passion for helping people navigate the ups of downs of life. Together, we'll explore difficult emotions, challenge self-limiting beliefs, and develop practical strategies to cope with life's difficulties.
Navigating life's challenges requires a safe and trusting space. As a counselor, I deeply appreciate the courage it takes to open up and connect. In the heart of my practice lies a profound respect for the therapeutic relationship, which I believe serves as the cornerstone for healing. While working with children and adults in a variety of settings I have developed a passion for helping people navigate the ups of downs of life. Together, we'll explore difficult emotions, challenge self-limiting beliefs, and develop practical strategies to cope with life's difficulties.
(865) 328-9491 View (865) 328-9491
Brad Jennings, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37917
Brad has worked win the behavioral healthcare field since 2004. He spent over a decade providing and coordinating co-occurring treatment services for community mental healthcare agency; roles have included crisis clinician, residential and outpatient substance-use treatment provider, group and individual therapist, and program administrator/services coordinator. Though he's worn various hats over the years, Brad feel most at-home when facilitating group and individual therapy, creating and holding a safe space for his clients' journey.
Brad has worked win the behavioral healthcare field since 2004. He spent over a decade providing and coordinating co-occurring treatment services for community mental healthcare agency; roles have included crisis clinician, residential and outpatient substance-use treatment provider, group and individual therapist, and program administrator/services coordinator. Though he's worn various hats over the years, Brad feel most at-home when facilitating group and individual therapy, creating and holding a safe space for his clients' journey.
(865) 351-3884 View (865) 351-3884
Photo of Carrie Fair, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Carrie Fair
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
Many of us are private people, who could use a little extra support and direction to overcome life's challenges. Acceptance and Confidentiality are two important aspects of Fairhaven Counseling & Consulting. Throughout my career I have learned that clients progress most effectively with an honest, non-judgmental, compassionate, but direct approach. I love watching clients rediscover their inner strength and begin to experience the joys life has to offer. I offer both personal & professional perspectives to overcoming trauma and rebuilding a life worth living.
Many of us are private people, who could use a little extra support and direction to overcome life's challenges. Acceptance and Confidentiality are two important aspects of Fairhaven Counseling & Consulting. Throughout my career I have learned that clients progress most effectively with an honest, non-judgmental, compassionate, but direct approach. I love watching clients rediscover their inner strength and begin to experience the joys life has to offer. I offer both personal & professional perspectives to overcoming trauma and rebuilding a life worth living.
(865) 408-7198 View (865) 408-7198
Photo of Minton Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Minton Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Minton Family Therapy (MFT) is a husband and wife, marriage and family therapy practice based in Knoxville, TN offering both in person and Telehealth psychotherapy for individuals, couples, and families. MFT seeks to treat the whole person (or couple, or family) in the context of whatever may be impeding personal, professional, physical and emotional growth. Taking both a creative and integrative approach, potential patients can expect to explore longstanding patterns of interaction that may hinder current relationships and begin to reshape those patterns into a more healthy and whole self.
Minton Family Therapy (MFT) is a husband and wife, marriage and family therapy practice based in Knoxville, TN offering both in person and Telehealth psychotherapy for individuals, couples, and families. MFT seeks to treat the whole person (or couple, or family) in the context of whatever may be impeding personal, professional, physical and emotional growth. Taking both a creative and integrative approach, potential patients can expect to explore longstanding patterns of interaction that may hinder current relationships and begin to reshape those patterns into a more healthy and whole self.
(865) 375-4593 View (865) 375-4593
Photo of Julie Lamb, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Julie Lamb
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37918
You may be afraid of reaching out and asking for help. Maybe you think your situation is hopeless. You could be worried about how you will be perceived if you come to counseling. Deciding to come to therapy is not always easy and it is not always comfortable, but I consider it an honor when my clients allow me to walk alongside them through difficult times and feelings. I seek to provide a judgment free, warm, open and honest office environment. I enjoy celebrating and focusing on small victories with my clients and believe that change is possible.
You may be afraid of reaching out and asking for help. Maybe you think your situation is hopeless. You could be worried about how you will be perceived if you come to counseling. Deciding to come to therapy is not always easy and it is not always comfortable, but I consider it an honor when my clients allow me to walk alongside them through difficult times and feelings. I seek to provide a judgment free, warm, open and honest office environment. I enjoy celebrating and focusing on small victories with my clients and believe that change is possible.
(865) 217-0986 View (865) 217-0986
Photo of Pam Nuchols, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Pam Nuchols
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37938  (Online Only)
Have you ever wondered if you will always feel this way? Maybe you feel alone or like no one understands who you are. Perhaps you struggle with relationships, jobs, family dynamics and anxiety about all of these struggles. You do not have to do this alone and unsupported. If you want someone to accompany you on your path to recognizing your strengths and using them, I would be honored to walk with you.
Have you ever wondered if you will always feel this way? Maybe you feel alone or like no one understands who you are. Perhaps you struggle with relationships, jobs, family dynamics and anxiety about all of these struggles. You do not have to do this alone and unsupported. If you want someone to accompany you on your path to recognizing your strengths and using them, I would be honored to walk with you.
(865) 674-9138 View (865) 674-9138
Photo of Justin R Hall, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Justin R Hall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
Justin Hall is a licensed professional counselor with a mental health service provider designation and over a decade of experience in the helping professions. He is a Knoxville native, and he obtained his Master’s degree in Counseling from the University of Tennessee. Justin has been a successful psychotherapist in outpatient, hospital, residential and crisis settings; providing services to individuals and couples. He is experienced with and is absolutely driven in helping his clients address depression, anxiety, and relationship issues. Justin writes letters for emotional support animals.
Justin Hall is a licensed professional counselor with a mental health service provider designation and over a decade of experience in the helping professions. He is a Knoxville native, and he obtained his Master’s degree in Counseling from the University of Tennessee. Justin has been a successful psychotherapist in outpatient, hospital, residential and crisis settings; providing services to individuals and couples. He is experienced with and is absolutely driven in helping his clients address depression, anxiety, and relationship issues. Justin writes letters for emotional support animals.
(865) 326-3567 View (865) 326-3567
Photo of Belinda J. Swindle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Belinda J. Swindle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37938  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients. Email is the best way to reach me. Thank you for stopping by my page! As someone who has been on both sides of the therapy couch, I understand how scary it can be to open up to a stranger about your life situation. It is for this reason that I am here to help. I believe in therapy, and the changes that are possible with the right provider.
Accepting new clients. Email is the best way to reach me. Thank you for stopping by my page! As someone who has been on both sides of the therapy couch, I understand how scary it can be to open up to a stranger about your life situation. It is for this reason that I am here to help. I believe in therapy, and the changes that are possible with the right provider.
(865) 205-9970 View (865) 205-9970
Photo of Elizabeth A Woodward, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Elizabeth A Woodward
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Not accepting new clients
I work with adults, teens, preteens, and children starting at 6 years old. Many of my clients are looking for coping skills to aid with mood disorders, conduct issues, or impulse-control disorders, such as anxiety, depression, behavior problems, and ADHD. Some want to work through trauma or grief. Others have less common problems. However, all are looking to make a change, but they do not know how to or do not want to do it on their own.
I work with adults, teens, preteens, and children starting at 6 years old. Many of my clients are looking for coping skills to aid with mood disorders, conduct issues, or impulse-control disorders, such as anxiety, depression, behavior problems, and ADHD. Some want to work through trauma or grief. Others have less common problems. However, all are looking to make a change, but they do not know how to or do not want to do it on their own.
(865) 213-7707 View (865) 213-7707
Photo of Alena Porter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Alena Porter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37902  (Online Only)
Sex is a normal, necessary part of human existence yet many people experience problems with sex including pain, lack of desire, or an inability to reach orgasm. Have you been avoiding talking to a sex therapist because you are afraid they’ll judge you? I will never judge you. Nothing you say is going to shock me, scare me, or make me stop working with you. Some people need a safe place to explore their sexual or gender identity. If you have been waiting for someone to be able to help you understand sexual thoughts, behaviors, and preferences then email me today
Sex is a normal, necessary part of human existence yet many people experience problems with sex including pain, lack of desire, or an inability to reach orgasm. Have you been avoiding talking to a sex therapist because you are afraid they’ll judge you? I will never judge you. Nothing you say is going to shock me, scare me, or make me stop working with you. Some people need a safe place to explore their sexual or gender identity. If you have been waiting for someone to be able to help you understand sexual thoughts, behaviors, and preferences then email me today
(865) 672-0819 View (865) 672-0819
Photo of Dustin Lamport, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Dustin Lamport
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
(Currently have waitlist) Some people feel stuck and unable to move past their worry, sadness, trauma, or grief. Others aren't quite sure why they feel the way they do, but know they want to feel differently. Coming to therapy can be a daunting and scary task, and finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming. My aim is to help people along their journey of becoming un-stuck and finding clarity. This process is easiest when patients feel comfortable opening up and do not have to fear being judged for their inner thoughts.
(Currently have waitlist) Some people feel stuck and unable to move past their worry, sadness, trauma, or grief. Others aren't quite sure why they feel the way they do, but know they want to feel differently. Coming to therapy can be a daunting and scary task, and finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming. My aim is to help people along their journey of becoming un-stuck and finding clarity. This process is easiest when patients feel comfortable opening up and do not have to fear being judged for their inner thoughts.
(865) 205-6063 View (865) 205-6063
Photo of Rebecca Delaney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Rebecca Delaney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923  (Online Only)
Do you feel like you are in a rut? Are you struggling to overcome a habit? Do you want to make improvements but do not know where to start? Are you struggling with negative thoughts about yourself? I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is passionate about helping people overcome barriers and achieve goals that are important to them! I provide telehealth therapy for those in the state of TN. I strive to provide a safe and accepting environment for you to overcome barriers and achieve goals that are important to you.
Do you feel like you are in a rut? Are you struggling to overcome a habit? Do you want to make improvements but do not know where to start? Are you struggling with negative thoughts about yourself? I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is passionate about helping people overcome barriers and achieve goals that are important to them! I provide telehealth therapy for those in the state of TN. I strive to provide a safe and accepting environment for you to overcome barriers and achieve goals that are important to you.
(865) 345-2968 View (865) 345-2968
Photo of Jessica Baddorf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Jessica Baddorf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
** Accepting new clients with a waiting list ** My super power is listening and synthesizing information to help you find clarity about something that you are struggling with. We can work on a wide array of problems regarding yourself and your world. Ideally, therapy is a place for you to problem solve about things and identify helpful interventions that you can put into practice. But it can also be a place for you to talk about what can’t be solved.
** Accepting new clients with a waiting list ** My super power is listening and synthesizing information to help you find clarity about something that you are struggling with. We can work on a wide array of problems regarding yourself and your world. Ideally, therapy is a place for you to problem solve about things and identify helpful interventions that you can put into practice. But it can also be a place for you to talk about what can’t be solved.
(865) 383-1156 View (865) 383-1156

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

700+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
67% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.