Therapists in Albuquerque, NM

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Photo of Life Re-Created: Psychotherapy & Health Promotion, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Life Re-Created: Psychotherapy & Health Promotion
Counselor, MPH, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87198  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you a person who is experiencing a disability or chronic illness and feel your needs are not met in most care settings? Are you pregnant or just had a baby and need extra support? Are you the parent of a disabled child and the child, a sibling or you need extra support for the child to grow and reach her or his full potential? Are you a creative type and need help to focus and be productive in your creative work? Are you the parent of a gifted child and need extra help raising this child or is the child in need of services due to trouble at home or school?Are you a spiritual seeker and need to talk about unusual experiences?
Are you a person who is experiencing a disability or chronic illness and feel your needs are not met in most care settings? Are you pregnant or just had a baby and need extra support? Are you the parent of a disabled child and the child, a sibling or you need extra support for the child to grow and reach her or his full potential? Are you a creative type and need help to focus and be productive in your creative work? Are you the parent of a gifted child and need extra help raising this child or is the child in need of services due to trouble at home or school?Are you a spiritual seeker and need to talk about unusual experiences?
(505) 796-6710 View (505) 796-6710
Photo of Leslie Lucero, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Leslie Lucero
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87109
I am an empathetic Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) who practices in New Mexico. With a Bachelor's degree in Psychology and a minor in Communication from the University of New Mexico, earned in 2020, I have a solid foundation in understanding human behavior and effective interpersonal communication. I furthered my education by securing a Master's Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in 2023, equipping me with advanced therapeutic skills to serve clients effectively. My clinical practice is especially attuned to the needs of public safety personnel and their families.
I am an empathetic Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) who practices in New Mexico. With a Bachelor's degree in Psychology and a minor in Communication from the University of New Mexico, earned in 2020, I have a solid foundation in understanding human behavior and effective interpersonal communication. I furthered my education by securing a Master's Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in 2023, equipping me with advanced therapeutic skills to serve clients effectively. My clinical practice is especially attuned to the needs of public safety personnel and their families.
(505) 594-3564 View (505) 594-3564
Photo of Dana Paine ~ A Path With Heart Counseling, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Dana Paine ~ A Path With Heart Counseling
Counselor, MA, LPCC, ACSM, LMT
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87108
My approach to Couples Counseling and Relationship Coaching is NOT based on hope or talk! I'm passionate about providing the clients I serve with Strength-Based, Solution-Focused Strategies, Caring Support and Accountability, so you can make positive changes in yourself and your most important relationships! As a therapist, I have over 20 years of experience helping Couples struggling with: Poor Communication, Unhelpful Behaviors, Lack of Emotional Connection, Challenges with Sexual Intimacy, Overcoming Infidelity, Rebuilding Trust, and when need be; Conscious Uncoupling. Let's create the healthy relationship you both deserve!
My approach to Couples Counseling and Relationship Coaching is NOT based on hope or talk! I'm passionate about providing the clients I serve with Strength-Based, Solution-Focused Strategies, Caring Support and Accountability, so you can make positive changes in yourself and your most important relationships! As a therapist, I have over 20 years of experience helping Couples struggling with: Poor Communication, Unhelpful Behaviors, Lack of Emotional Connection, Challenges with Sexual Intimacy, Overcoming Infidelity, Rebuilding Trust, and when need be; Conscious Uncoupling. Let's create the healthy relationship you both deserve!
(505) 266-8168 View (505) 266-8168
Photo of Dr. Kristina Rynes, Psychologist in Albuquerque, NM
Dr. Kristina Rynes
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87107
Not accepting new clients
I have no availability for new medication management or therapy patients. I am a prescribing psychologist who provides medication management of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, and many other mental health issues. As a patient in my private practice, you will receive high-quality, compassionate treatment. Start getting individualized medication treatment that is specifically tailored to you - I will take the time to understand your current situation, symptoms, and medication preferences.
I have no availability for new medication management or therapy patients. I am a prescribing psychologist who provides medication management of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, and many other mental health issues. As a patient in my private practice, you will receive high-quality, compassionate treatment. Start getting individualized medication treatment that is specifically tailored to you - I will take the time to understand your current situation, symptoms, and medication preferences.
(505) 715-6831 View (505) 715-6831
Photo of Erica Lane Castleberry, Psychologist in Albuquerque, NM
Erica Lane Castleberry
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87110
If you're stuck in anxiety, PTSD, depression, eating disorders, or body image problems, I might be able to help! I use evidence-based treatments, mainly Cognitive Behavior Therapy. I am specifically trained in Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and CBT-E (for Eating Disorders). In therapy you can expect to play an active role in the process and will often have homework assignments. This is the best way to learn new skills and ways of thinking toward recovery!
If you're stuck in anxiety, PTSD, depression, eating disorders, or body image problems, I might be able to help! I use evidence-based treatments, mainly Cognitive Behavior Therapy. I am specifically trained in Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and CBT-E (for Eating Disorders). In therapy you can expect to play an active role in the process and will often have homework assignments. This is the best way to learn new skills and ways of thinking toward recovery!
(505) 388-2830 View (505) 388-2830
Photo of Mari Lyford ~A Path With Heart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Mari Lyford ~A Path With Heart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SAP, R-YT
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87108
I specialize in helping people to heal from trauma, recover from addiction and resolve difficult life situations. I will listen carefully to what you want and need, and then, help you to make the positive changes you desire. I believe in your potential to create the life that you want for yourself.
I specialize in helping people to heal from trauma, recover from addiction and resolve difficult life situations. I will listen carefully to what you want and need, and then, help you to make the positive changes you desire. I believe in your potential to create the life that you want for yourself.
(505) 207-2933 View (505) 207-2933
Photo of Dora Sandoval: A Path With Heart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Dora Sandoval: A Path With Heart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87108
My job is to support you in creating the life you truly want for yourself. Envision your life happier, healthier and more peaceful! I believe self-love, gratitude and forgiveness are the stepping stones to a path of healing and new beginnings! As a therapist, I have extensive experience in helping my clients to overcome past and current Trauma, PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Challenging Life-Situations, Navigate Health Challenges, and Build Self-Esteem, Confidence and Peace of Mind in the process.
My job is to support you in creating the life you truly want for yourself. Envision your life happier, healthier and more peaceful! I believe self-love, gratitude and forgiveness are the stepping stones to a path of healing and new beginnings! As a therapist, I have extensive experience in helping my clients to overcome past and current Trauma, PTSD, Anxiety, Depression, Challenging Life-Situations, Navigate Health Challenges, and Build Self-Esteem, Confidence and Peace of Mind in the process.
(505) 594-3671 View (505) 594-3671
Photo of Linsey Patterson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Linsey Patterson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87113
It can feel often scary and uncertain to reach out and ask for help when we need it. Linsey believes in reducing the stigma towards mental help and improving quality of life through a strengths-based perspective. Each and every person has their own unique resiliency and she seeks to assist in bringing those strengths to the forefront and improving confidence in learning new skills to manage the day-to-day lives.
It can feel often scary and uncertain to reach out and ask for help when we need it. Linsey believes in reducing the stigma towards mental help and improving quality of life through a strengths-based perspective. Each and every person has their own unique resiliency and she seeks to assist in bringing those strengths to the forefront and improving confidence in learning new skills to manage the day-to-day lives.
(505) 392-3695 View (505) 392-3695
Photo of Calli Feerer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Calli Feerer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87106
Hi! I am currently accepting new clients. We all experience pain and suffering in our lives, at one point or another, and when we do, many of us aren’t entirely equipped with the tools and skills we need to effectively cope and push forward. Sometimes pain can be resolved within a short amount of time - maybe after a loss or significant change. Sometimes it sticks with us longer and weighs on us more heavily. No matter the case, it is always helpful to talk to someone about our struggles.
Hi! I am currently accepting new clients. We all experience pain and suffering in our lives, at one point or another, and when we do, many of us aren’t entirely equipped with the tools and skills we need to effectively cope and push forward. Sometimes pain can be resolved within a short amount of time - maybe after a loss or significant change. Sometimes it sticks with us longer and weighs on us more heavily. No matter the case, it is always helpful to talk to someone about our struggles.
(505) 594-4123 View (505) 594-4123
Photo of Recovery Connections, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Recovery Connections
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADAC, LMSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87110
Our focus is to empower and assist individuals in the healing and recovery process through various evidence-based treatments, client-centered approaches, and culturally responsive practices. We focus on creating transformative relationships with our clients in a safe environment where individuals can heal and create a substance-free lifestyle.
Our focus is to empower and assist individuals in the healing and recovery process through various evidence-based treatments, client-centered approaches, and culturally responsive practices. We focus on creating transformative relationships with our clients in a safe environment where individuals can heal and create a substance-free lifestyle.
(505) 605-7159 View (505) 605-7159
Photo of Chris Benitez, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Chris Benitez
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87108
I have years of experience working with substance use, addiction, eating disorders, and other mental health challenges. I also love working with people from communities that have traditionally been underserved by the mental health profession, such as people of color and members of the LGBTIA+ community, as well as young adults and adolescents, and people navigating major life transitions.
I have years of experience working with substance use, addiction, eating disorders, and other mental health challenges. I also love working with people from communities that have traditionally been underserved by the mental health profession, such as people of color and members of the LGBTIA+ community, as well as young adults and adolescents, and people navigating major life transitions.
(505) 309-3794 View (505) 309-3794
Photo of Dr. Evelyn Sandeen, Psychologist in Albuquerque, NM
Dr. Evelyn Sandeen
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87106
Need consultation? Doing psychotherapy is hard! Whether you are a new graduate who could use some help putting your education into practice, or a more mature behavioral health practitioner who feels stuck in a rut, professional consultation can be very helpful! I have many years of experience in teaching and training behavioral health providers and have helpful systems to aid you in doing effective assessment, case conceptualization and intervention while striving toward cultural competence.
Need consultation? Doing psychotherapy is hard! Whether you are a new graduate who could use some help putting your education into practice, or a more mature behavioral health practitioner who feels stuck in a rut, professional consultation can be very helpful! I have many years of experience in teaching and training behavioral health providers and have helpful systems to aid you in doing effective assessment, case conceptualization and intervention while striving toward cultural competence.
(505) 407-4400 View (505) 407-4400
Photo of Steven DeAnda, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Steven DeAnda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87110
With a client-centered approach, I provide compassionate support for your personal growth and healing. Creating a safe, non-judgmental space, I prioritize your needs and goals. Through active listening and empathy, we explore underlying causes and develop strategies for positive change. Using evidence-based therapies like CBT and mindfulness, we build insight and resilience. Upholding confidentiality and ethical standards, I am dedicated to your journey towards a brighter future.
With a client-centered approach, I provide compassionate support for your personal growth and healing. Creating a safe, non-judgmental space, I prioritize your needs and goals. Through active listening and empathy, we explore underlying causes and develop strategies for positive change. Using evidence-based therapies like CBT and mindfulness, we build insight and resilience. Upholding confidentiality and ethical standards, I am dedicated to your journey towards a brighter future.
(505) 871-3995 View (505) 871-3995
Photo of Yzetta (Zee) Martinez, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Yzetta (Zee) Martinez
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87110  (Online Only)
Empowering adolescents and adults from multi-cultural backgrounds using evidence-based interventions to overcome personal obstacles and improve well-being. My professional philosophy is that people desire a fulfilling life despite the past, present or future situations or traumas. Therefore, I gracefully support my clients in their work to improve intrinsic self-worth and self-awareness. With each client, my heart grows fonder for this work and I am grateful to be a part of your new journey! Are you ready to change your mindset? If so, allow me to support you in this beautiful life of YOURS!
Empowering adolescents and adults from multi-cultural backgrounds using evidence-based interventions to overcome personal obstacles and improve well-being. My professional philosophy is that people desire a fulfilling life despite the past, present or future situations or traumas. Therefore, I gracefully support my clients in their work to improve intrinsic self-worth and self-awareness. With each client, my heart grows fonder for this work and I am grateful to be a part of your new journey! Are you ready to change your mindset? If so, allow me to support you in this beautiful life of YOURS!
(505) 391-2865 View (505) 391-2865
Photo of Lauren Juarez-Duran in Albuquerque, NM
Lauren Juarez-Duran
LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87110  (Online Only)
As your therapist, I will create a safe, warm, and uplifting space that gives you room to heal and explore what can be. My approach to therapy is person-centered, meaning I will meet you where you are at in your journey and with the understanding that you are the expert on your lived experience. I believe that the most powerful change during therapy comes from being able to show up as you are and for me to hold space for you to navigate life’s challenges and disruptions. My style involves theory based solutions such as narrative therapy while also incorporating mindfulness and other holistic work.
As your therapist, I will create a safe, warm, and uplifting space that gives you room to heal and explore what can be. My approach to therapy is person-centered, meaning I will meet you where you are at in your journey and with the understanding that you are the expert on your lived experience. I believe that the most powerful change during therapy comes from being able to show up as you are and for me to hold space for you to navigate life’s challenges and disruptions. My style involves theory based solutions such as narrative therapy while also incorporating mindfulness and other holistic work.
(505) 658-0646 View (505) 658-0646
Photo of DulceSalado Therapeutic Services, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
DulceSalado Therapeutic Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW, LPCC, LMHC, PhD
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87107
Life is a combination of both pleasant and unpleasant experiences. It's like having sweet and salty memories. We understand that maintaining a healthy life requires a balance between the good and the bad experiences. We also acknowledge that there is no such thing as a perfect life. We don't claim that therapy can magically solve all your problems. Rather, our approach aims to teach you how to coexist with conflicts and navigate through life's challenges. That's why we are DulceSalado. We are here to help you navigate this journey.
Life is a combination of both pleasant and unpleasant experiences. It's like having sweet and salty memories. We understand that maintaining a healthy life requires a balance between the good and the bad experiences. We also acknowledge that there is no such thing as a perfect life. We don't claim that therapy can magically solve all your problems. Rather, our approach aims to teach you how to coexist with conflicts and navigate through life's challenges. That's why we are DulceSalado. We are here to help you navigate this journey.
(505) 557-2230 View (505) 557-2230
Photo of K Karuna Fluhart-Negrete, Marriage & Family Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
K Karuna Fluhart-Negrete
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CHT, NCC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87112
Maybe it's time to get the support and compassionate care you want, need and deserve! Feeling anxious, depressed or dealing with loss, grief, trauma or transition? Perhaps you've just been feeling a little down or disconnected from yourself or a primary relationship. Are you wanting to heal on deeper levels?
Maybe it's time to get the support and compassionate care you want, need and deserve! Feeling anxious, depressed or dealing with loss, grief, trauma or transition? Perhaps you've just been feeling a little down or disconnected from yourself or a primary relationship. Are you wanting to heal on deeper levels?
(505) 405-2400 View (505) 405-2400
Photo of Ina Krieble, Counselor in Albuquerque, NM
Ina Krieble
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87120
My counseling practice includes adults and adolescents. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Non-violent Communication, Sand Tray Therapy and in EMDR. I believe that as people become more accepting of themselves, they are more capable of finding happiness and contentment in their lives. If counseling is successful, you should feel that you are able to face life's challenges in the future better than you could before and can face life's challenges in the future without my support or intervention.
My counseling practice includes adults and adolescents. I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Non-violent Communication, Sand Tray Therapy and in EMDR. I believe that as people become more accepting of themselves, they are more capable of finding happiness and contentment in their lives. If counseling is successful, you should feel that you are able to face life's challenges in the future better than you could before and can face life's challenges in the future without my support or intervention.
(505) 552-2945 View (505) 552-2945
Photo of Christina Chavez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Christina Chavez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCM, IMH-E
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Albuquerque, NM 87111
Accepting new telehealth clients. I have been working with families since 2017. In that time I have had the opportunity to work with families who are experiencing both physical and emotional trauma, homlessness and drug addictions. I enjoy working with parents, children, tweens, and teens. The world is full of stressful situations and life has it's ups and downs, during these moments we could all use some help and guideance in learning how to cope in a healthy way. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with an endorsement in Infant Mental Health and a Certified Case Manager. Lets work together to make life as enjoyable as you can.
Accepting new telehealth clients. I have been working with families since 2017. In that time I have had the opportunity to work with families who are experiencing both physical and emotional trauma, homlessness and drug addictions. I enjoy working with parents, children, tweens, and teens. The world is full of stressful situations and life has it's ups and downs, during these moments we could all use some help and guideance in learning how to cope in a healthy way. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with an endorsement in Infant Mental Health and a Certified Case Manager. Lets work together to make life as enjoyable as you can.
(505) 903-6806 View (505) 903-6806
Photo of Waves Behavioral Health, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Albuquerque, NM
Waves Behavioral Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Albuquerque, NM 87122
Waves Behavioral Health is committed to assisting you on your journey towards wellness. Waves Behavioral Health is inclusive of all individuals and provides a supportive environment for those of all ages, disabilities, financial status, cultural and LGBTQ+ populations. Waves Behavioral Health has two convenient locations to serve your needs. Feel free to call now to become established. Waves Behavioral Health now offers Occupational Therapy services as well as Community Support services.
Waves Behavioral Health is committed to assisting you on your journey towards wellness. Waves Behavioral Health is inclusive of all individuals and provides a supportive environment for those of all ages, disabilities, financial status, cultural and LGBTQ+ populations. Waves Behavioral Health has two convenient locations to serve your needs. Feel free to call now to become established. Waves Behavioral Health now offers Occupational Therapy services as well as Community Support services.
(505) 305-0554 View (505) 305-0554

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Albuquerque, NM

900+

Average cost per session

$129

Therapists in Albuquerque, NM who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
86% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
74% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
68% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Presbyterian
79% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% Medicaid

How Therapists in Albuquerque, NM see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Albuquerque?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.