Therapists in Nashville, TN

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Photo of Mallory Haney, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Mallory Haney
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
I specialize in the treatment of obsessive compulsive and related disorders, including body focused repetitive behaviors such as skin-picking and hair-pulling and body dysmorphic disorder, as well as anxiety disorders and perinatal anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders. I provide cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and offer exposure with response prevention (ERP). I provided therapy in a partial hospitalization program from 2015 to 2017 and have been working with individuals at the outpatient level of care since 2017.
I specialize in the treatment of obsessive compulsive and related disorders, including body focused repetitive behaviors such as skin-picking and hair-pulling and body dysmorphic disorder, as well as anxiety disorders and perinatal anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders. I provide cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and offer exposure with response prevention (ERP). I provided therapy in a partial hospitalization program from 2015 to 2017 and have been working with individuals at the outpatient level of care since 2017.
(615) 437-6591 View (615) 437-6591
Photo of Anna Owens, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Anna Owens
Licensed Professional Counselor, FNP-C, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37221  (Online Only)
Update: Greetings! I'm in the process of getting my mental health prescriptive privileges as a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with 2 semesters left, as I am already a Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider and a Family Nurse Practitioner. It just made sense to do the 4 semester connector. I'm finally just now able to accept new cients and wanted to update my status because I know my specialty is difficult to find and there are so many people suffering behind the closed door of their homes. If this has been or is currently an issue for you, please reach out. I can help you.
Update: Greetings! I'm in the process of getting my mental health prescriptive privileges as a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with 2 semesters left, as I am already a Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider and a Family Nurse Practitioner. It just made sense to do the 4 semester connector. I'm finally just now able to accept new cients and wanted to update my status because I know my specialty is difficult to find and there are so many people suffering behind the closed door of their homes. If this has been or is currently an issue for you, please reach out. I can help you.
(615) 422-4596 View (615) 422-4596
Photo of Caroline Cubillo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Caroline Cubillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
As a therapist, I believe deeply in the power of relationship. My goal is to create a safe, nurturing, trusting therapeutic relationship from which my clients can find healing and growth. I am a licensed clinical social worker in Nashville, TN working from a relational, client-centered lens, with a background in trauma and attachment. I provide services for children, young adults and families with a wide variety of presenting issues including trauma, loss, family conflict, adoption, depression, anxiety and difficulties with emotional regulation.
As a therapist, I believe deeply in the power of relationship. My goal is to create a safe, nurturing, trusting therapeutic relationship from which my clients can find healing and growth. I am a licensed clinical social worker in Nashville, TN working from a relational, client-centered lens, with a background in trauma and attachment. I provide services for children, young adults and families with a wide variety of presenting issues including trauma, loss, family conflict, adoption, depression, anxiety and difficulties with emotional regulation.
(615) 908-5144 View (615) 908-5144
Photo of Reece, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Reece
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP, (temp)
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
Are you exploring who you are beyond who you grew up being taught you were supposed to be? Maybe you are curious about neurodivergence and want to understand yourself more deeply. Maybe you are queer and haven't found a therapist you feel safe with yet.
Are you exploring who you are beyond who you grew up being taught you were supposed to be? Maybe you are curious about neurodivergence and want to understand yourself more deeply. Maybe you are queer and haven't found a therapist you feel safe with yet.
(615) 709-5776 View (615) 709-5776
Photo of Hannah Dunsmore, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Hannah Dunsmore
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
Do you feel stuck in patterns that you know aren’t working for you anymore, but feel powerless to change them? Have you experienced persistent anxiety or depression for so long it’s starting to feel impossible to find relief? For clients who have trauma histories, sometimes talk therapy isn’t enough to fully heal from the past. Traumatic experiences can get stuck in our nervous system, sending a constant signal to our bodies that we are in danger, even long after the danger has passed. Unfortunately, what we know on a mind level we don’t always feel in our bodies.
Do you feel stuck in patterns that you know aren’t working for you anymore, but feel powerless to change them? Have you experienced persistent anxiety or depression for so long it’s starting to feel impossible to find relief? For clients who have trauma histories, sometimes talk therapy isn’t enough to fully heal from the past. Traumatic experiences can get stuck in our nervous system, sending a constant signal to our bodies that we are in danger, even long after the danger has passed. Unfortunately, what we know on a mind level we don’t always feel in our bodies.
(615) 471-7134 View (615) 471-7134
Photo of Kayli Norris, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Kayli Norris
Pre-Licensed Professional, RN, MMFT
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
It takes a village to raise a child... or at least, that's what they say. And yet, here you are somewhere on your parenthood journey, perhaps feeling exhausted, overwhelmed, or unsupported, and wondering where your village is. Maybe you feel alone in the thoughts that you struggle with or the burdens you carry. Maybe you experience guilt or shame that your story doesn't look as you'd thought it would. Maybe you feel that your cup is completely empty. You've already taken a huge first step in considering counseling. You don't need to walk this alone and deserve so much more than to feel that way.
It takes a village to raise a child... or at least, that's what they say. And yet, here you are somewhere on your parenthood journey, perhaps feeling exhausted, overwhelmed, or unsupported, and wondering where your village is. Maybe you feel alone in the thoughts that you struggle with or the burdens you carry. Maybe you experience guilt or shame that your story doesn't look as you'd thought it would. Maybe you feel that your cup is completely empty. You've already taken a huge first step in considering counseling. You don't need to walk this alone and deserve so much more than to feel that way.
(615) 703-6596 View (615) 703-6596
Photo of Nashville Psychological Assessment and Learning, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
Nashville Psychological Assessment and Learning
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP, HSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37206
We specialize in comprehensive psychoeducational assessments of children, adolescents, and adults. We have expertise in the diagnosis of autism, dyslexia, learning disabilities, developmental delays, intellectual giftedness, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavioral disorders, and emotional disturbances that are likely to impact educational and daily functioning. We also offer social skills groups for children and adolescents, as well as educational consultation to assist parents with navigating special education and accommodations offered within the public and private school settings.
We specialize in comprehensive psychoeducational assessments of children, adolescents, and adults. We have expertise in the diagnosis of autism, dyslexia, learning disabilities, developmental delays, intellectual giftedness, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavioral disorders, and emotional disturbances that are likely to impact educational and daily functioning. We also offer social skills groups for children and adolescents, as well as educational consultation to assist parents with navigating special education and accommodations offered within the public and private school settings.
(615) 908-2370 View (615) 908-2370
Photo of Katya Brewington, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Katya Brewington
Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP/S, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
17 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204
Hello and thank you for stopping by. Counseling is a very personal journey and it is important to find a counselor you can trust and feel comfortable with. I always encourage potential clients to research, compare, and even email or call prior to the first session so any initial questions or concerns can be answered and addressed. Over the past 20 years both my training and experience in mental health have been in working with people with history of trauma, mood and anxiety type disorders, relationship difficulties, behavioral struggles, parenting issues, and life transitions.
Hello and thank you for stopping by. Counseling is a very personal journey and it is important to find a counselor you can trust and feel comfortable with. I always encourage potential clients to research, compare, and even email or call prior to the first session so any initial questions or concerns can be answered and addressed. Over the past 20 years both my training and experience in mental health have been in working with people with history of trauma, mood and anxiety type disorders, relationship difficulties, behavioral struggles, parenting issues, and life transitions.
(615) 763-4970 View (615) 763-4970
Photo of Brendan McCarthy (Sessions Psychology), Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Brendan McCarthy (Sessions Psychology)
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, NCC, CET-II
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37216
Brendan McCarthy is a licensed clinical psychotherapist (LPC-MHSP) in the East Nashville, TN area. Brendan treats a wide variety of mental health issues and works with a broad spectrum of clients. Brendan is the owner and director of the group therapy practice, Sessions Psychology. Sessions is a boutique group therapy practice that is home to a team of elite Nashville therapists. Brendan is a Nationally Certified Counselor, as well as a Certified Experiential Therapist (CET3). Additionally, Brendan is a part of the clinical staff at the nationally recognized Onsite Workshops.
Brendan McCarthy is a licensed clinical psychotherapist (LPC-MHSP) in the East Nashville, TN area. Brendan treats a wide variety of mental health issues and works with a broad spectrum of clients. Brendan is the owner and director of the group therapy practice, Sessions Psychology. Sessions is a boutique group therapy practice that is home to a team of elite Nashville therapists. Brendan is a Nationally Certified Counselor, as well as a Certified Experiential Therapist (CET3). Additionally, Brendan is a part of the clinical staff at the nationally recognized Onsite Workshops.
(615) 551-1300 View (615) 551-1300
Photo of Abbey Porter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Abbey Porter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
My goal as a therapist is to walk alongside you as you move toward your authentic self. This "waking up" process- the ability to feel deeply and genuinely express the feelings that make you authentic- is what brings people together in true relationship. Together we can explore what experiences in your life may be keeping you stuck in the past, thus limiting your ability to experience present-day beauty and joy. My goal is to help you find the tools to honestly express your feelings so that you can feel the delight of being
My goal as a therapist is to walk alongside you as you move toward your authentic self. This "waking up" process- the ability to feel deeply and genuinely express the feelings that make you authentic- is what brings people together in true relationship. Together we can explore what experiences in your life may be keeping you stuck in the past, thus limiting your ability to experience present-day beauty and joy. My goal is to help you find the tools to honestly express your feelings so that you can feel the delight of being
(615) 667-8379 View (615) 667-8379
Redacted Redacted
LPC Intern, LPC, INTERN
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
Not accepting new clients
NA
NA
(615) 257-9203 View (615) 257-9203
Photo of Evolve Counseling Associates, LLC, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Evolve Counseling Associates, LLC
Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37209
Evolve Counseling Associates, LLC, is a group practice of mental healthcare therapists committed to creating spaces of healing for our clients. Our practice focuses on the treatment of girls and women of all ages. The mission of Evolve Counseling Associates, LLC, is to be a catalyst for growth & development for girls and women in the realm of mental, emotional, and behavioral health. We believe in a holistic approach to counseling and offer a comprehensive method of practices. Empowering clients to become greater versions of themselves is the foundation of each session.
Evolve Counseling Associates, LLC, is a group practice of mental healthcare therapists committed to creating spaces of healing for our clients. Our practice focuses on the treatment of girls and women of all ages. The mission of Evolve Counseling Associates, LLC, is to be a catalyst for growth & development for girls and women in the realm of mental, emotional, and behavioral health. We believe in a holistic approach to counseling and offer a comprehensive method of practices. Empowering clients to become greater versions of themselves is the foundation of each session.
(615) 455-2294 x1 View (615) 455-2294 x1
Photo of Lisa McGovern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Lisa McGovern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37205
Do you need help bringing Connection, Peace and Balance to your life or relationships? Many of us do because we run from one thing to another, without enough of ourselves to go around. We can struggle in our life or relationships and need to regain our balance or even create a new one. We get weighed down by anxiety, sadness or feeling we aren’t understood. We have trouble expressing our feelings and needs or understanding the important people in our lives. I can help you feel heard and understood and strengthen the connections in your life. My goal is to empower people and help them discover how to live a life that feels better.
Do you need help bringing Connection, Peace and Balance to your life or relationships? Many of us do because we run from one thing to another, without enough of ourselves to go around. We can struggle in our life or relationships and need to regain our balance or even create a new one. We get weighed down by anxiety, sadness or feeling we aren’t understood. We have trouble expressing our feelings and needs or understanding the important people in our lives. I can help you feel heard and understood and strengthen the connections in your life. My goal is to empower people and help them discover how to live a life that feels better.
(615) 412-5449 View (615) 412-5449
Photo of Robyn Chaffee, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Robyn Chaffee
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37206
Not accepting new clients
Beginning therapy can feel intimidating, but I believe in having therapy be an environment of empowerment, collaboration, and authenticity. My approach is client-centered, eclectic, and we will explore how different systems impacts your experiences. I specialize in trauma/complex trauma, sexual violence/abuse, domestic violence and emotional abuse, chronic pain/illness, depression and other mood disorders, eating disorders/disordered eating, non-traditional relationships, kink, and queer issues. I take an integrative approach to sessions and love to apply many therapeutic modalities to fit each individual client’s needs.
Beginning therapy can feel intimidating, but I believe in having therapy be an environment of empowerment, collaboration, and authenticity. My approach is client-centered, eclectic, and we will explore how different systems impacts your experiences. I specialize in trauma/complex trauma, sexual violence/abuse, domestic violence and emotional abuse, chronic pain/illness, depression and other mood disorders, eating disorders/disordered eating, non-traditional relationships, kink, and queer issues. I take an integrative approach to sessions and love to apply many therapeutic modalities to fit each individual client’s needs.
(615) 909-5277 View (615) 909-5277
Photo of Heather Monroe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Heather Monroe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37215
Hi there! I am an integrative psychotherapist who specializes in the healing of trauma. I am a psychodrama trainer, certified Kundalini yoga teacher, a MAPS certified psychedelic therapist and in my advanced year of Peter Levine's Somatic Experiencing training.
Hi there! I am an integrative psychotherapist who specializes in the healing of trauma. I am a psychodrama trainer, certified Kundalini yoga teacher, a MAPS certified psychedelic therapist and in my advanced year of Peter Levine's Somatic Experiencing training.
(629) 206-1134 View (629) 206-1134
Photo of Verkita Washington, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Verkita Washington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
"All things are created twice; first mentally; then physically. The key to creativity is to begin with the end in mind, with a vision and a blueprint of the desired result." --- Stephen Covey Life is full of wonderful opportunities and experiences in which many can be obtained by you. Achieving your life’s goals all start with you; however, these goals will be met with challenges. These challenges are inevitable but doable. Having a therapist to help navigate these obstacles has been proven to help with one’s overall well-being.
"All things are created twice; first mentally; then physically. The key to creativity is to begin with the end in mind, with a vision and a blueprint of the desired result." --- Stephen Covey Life is full of wonderful opportunities and experiences in which many can be obtained by you. Achieving your life’s goals all start with you; however, these goals will be met with challenges. These challenges are inevitable but doable. Having a therapist to help navigate these obstacles has been proven to help with one’s overall well-being.
(615) 257-9293 View (615) 257-9293
Photo of Roy Woods, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Roy Woods
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC, MHSP, NCC, CPCS
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37217  (Online Only)
Embrace the transformative power of anxiety, worry, stress, uncertainty and fear by unlocking your true potential through the mastery of coping skills along with mental and behavioral reprogramming. All of the aforementioned are often misunderstood and stigmatized, yet with the proper guidance all can be a catalyst for growth and personal development. Instead of allowing these learned behaviors to control us, we have the power to harness its energy and transform it into a force for positive change. By doing so, we open ourselves up to a world of possibilities and unlock the limitless potential that resides within us.
Embrace the transformative power of anxiety, worry, stress, uncertainty and fear by unlocking your true potential through the mastery of coping skills along with mental and behavioral reprogramming. All of the aforementioned are often misunderstood and stigmatized, yet with the proper guidance all can be a catalyst for growth and personal development. Instead of allowing these learned behaviors to control us, we have the power to harness its energy and transform it into a force for positive change. By doing so, we open ourselves up to a world of possibilities and unlock the limitless potential that resides within us.
(615) 637-3891 View (615) 637-3891
Photo of Allied Behavioral Health Solutions, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Allied Behavioral Health Solutions
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
We are glad you are here. Allied Behavioral Health Solutions is a provider-owned behavioral health practice based out of Nashville. We are dedicated to providing high-quality services that result in better outcomes for all. Our clinicians are trained in a variety of methodologies to be able to meet the needs of each client and family we serve.
We are glad you are here. Allied Behavioral Health Solutions is a provider-owned behavioral health practice based out of Nashville. We are dedicated to providing high-quality services that result in better outcomes for all. Our clinicians are trained in a variety of methodologies to be able to meet the needs of each client and family we serve.
(615) 619-1795 View (615) 619-1795
Photo of Heather N Boyd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Heather N Boyd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37214  (Online Only)
I believe life is all about balance. In therapy, that often means balancing change with acceptance. I try to create a safe place that empowers all clients to make needed changes, and do the brave work of accepting themselves and their lives, just as they are. I feel most effective when working with clients working through anxiety, depression, adjustments, relationships, trauma and working to break the cycles of intergenerational trauma. I hope to make ALL clients feel accepted and validated. I am committed to building my cultural awareness and sensitivity to be able to serve people from diverse walks of life.
I believe life is all about balance. In therapy, that often means balancing change with acceptance. I try to create a safe place that empowers all clients to make needed changes, and do the brave work of accepting themselves and their lives, just as they are. I feel most effective when working with clients working through anxiety, depression, adjustments, relationships, trauma and working to break the cycles of intergenerational trauma. I hope to make ALL clients feel accepted and validated. I am committed to building my cultural awareness and sensitivity to be able to serve people from diverse walks of life.
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Photo of Lucy Wright, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Lucy Wright
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37204
Life is hard and we sometimes need someone to walk with us through it. My passion is for women and men troubled with relationship issues or who struggle with depression and anxiety which can manifest in a number of ways including self harm, low self-esteem, eating disorders, and panic attacks. I get excited to work with couples helping them build intimacy and understanding of themselves and one another. I love working with motivated clients and it's my passion to create a safe, nonjudgmental environment to explore those tough and sometimes dark places with those who want to move forward and live the life they desire.
Life is hard and we sometimes need someone to walk with us through it. My passion is for women and men troubled with relationship issues or who struggle with depression and anxiety which can manifest in a number of ways including self harm, low self-esteem, eating disorders, and panic attacks. I get excited to work with couples helping them build intimacy and understanding of themselves and one another. I love working with motivated clients and it's my passion to create a safe, nonjudgmental environment to explore those tough and sometimes dark places with those who want to move forward and live the life they desire.
(615) 492-3727 View (615) 492-3727

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Nashville, TN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Nashville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
73% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Nashville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Nashville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.