Therapists in Memphis, TN

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Photo of Rebecca Price, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
Rebecca Price
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP, (temp), NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
Progress is made in the struggle; if we’re not struggling, we’re stagnant. People are inherently resilient and resourceful, but sometimes we bump up against something that leaves us feeling stuck or disconnected. If you have found yourself reading this, perhaps you’re tired of feeling “stagnant” or you feel ready to wrestle with the issues bringing you to therapy. I am dedicated to assisting my clients in navigating trauma, family of origin issues, eating disorders, body image concerns, and depression and anxiety. I also enjoy working with first responders and their families, and neurodivergent individuals!
Progress is made in the struggle; if we’re not struggling, we’re stagnant. People are inherently resilient and resourceful, but sometimes we bump up against something that leaves us feeling stuck or disconnected. If you have found yourself reading this, perhaps you’re tired of feeling “stagnant” or you feel ready to wrestle with the issues bringing you to therapy. I am dedicated to assisting my clients in navigating trauma, family of origin issues, eating disorders, body image concerns, and depression and anxiety. I also enjoy working with first responders and their families, and neurodivergent individuals!
(901) 668-6696 View (901) 668-6696
Photo of Natalie Pritchard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Natalie Pritchard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
You deserve to live the life you desire, and I can help you get there. I believe that compassion, curiosity, and connection are fundamental for healing and growth. I meet my clients where they are with empathy and openness in order to help them experience less anxiety and depression & more authenticity and freedom. I take a collaborative approach by using IFS and EMDR to help clients develop a deeper understanding of their unique patterns, work through past trauma, unburden them from negative core beliefs, establish positive/safe connections, and offer mindful strategies to cope with life's challenges.
You deserve to live the life you desire, and I can help you get there. I believe that compassion, curiosity, and connection are fundamental for healing and growth. I meet my clients where they are with empathy and openness in order to help them experience less anxiety and depression & more authenticity and freedom. I take a collaborative approach by using IFS and EMDR to help clients develop a deeper understanding of their unique patterns, work through past trauma, unburden them from negative core beliefs, establish positive/safe connections, and offer mindful strategies to cope with life's challenges.
(901) 472-3331 View (901) 472-3331
Photo of Tiffany J Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Tiffany J Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38120
Clients come to therapy for a variety of reasons. They may need help adjusting to a new job, transitioning to a new city, communicating with a family member, or building self-confidence. They want to do these things in a timely manner. They want to live a fulfilling life. Maybe nothing is going on currently and they want to explore past events.
Clients come to therapy for a variety of reasons. They may need help adjusting to a new job, transitioning to a new city, communicating with a family member, or building self-confidence. They want to do these things in a timely manner. They want to live a fulfilling life. Maybe nothing is going on currently and they want to explore past events.
(901) 808-8710 View (901) 808-8710
Photo of Beth Rushing, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Beth Rushing
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38112
Rachel Held Evans wrote that "we live inside an unfinished story." Are you lacking clarity about what you want to do with your life? Did you have a difficult or confusing childhood, and now struggle with connection to others? Did you experience a traumatic event or relationship that has been difficult to overcome on your own? Do you struggle in relationships and wonder why you have the same problems time and time again? Do you have a chronic illness and experience the emotional pain, disappointment, and despair it can bring? If any of this resonates with you, I can help you write the rest of your story.
Rachel Held Evans wrote that "we live inside an unfinished story." Are you lacking clarity about what you want to do with your life? Did you have a difficult or confusing childhood, and now struggle with connection to others? Did you experience a traumatic event or relationship that has been difficult to overcome on your own? Do you struggle in relationships and wonder why you have the same problems time and time again? Do you have a chronic illness and experience the emotional pain, disappointment, and despair it can bring? If any of this resonates with you, I can help you write the rest of your story.
(901) 209-4795 View (901) 209-4795
Photo of Anne Marie Schoenherr, Marriage & Family Therapist in Memphis, TN
Anne Marie Schoenherr
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
28 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117  (Online Only)
You've never really felt like you are enough. Sure, you've been successful in school, at work, and well, at life... for the most part (at least it looks that way to other people). But deep down, it has always felt like there is something missing... something wrong - and you wonder if maybe there's actually just something wrong with you. You push your feelings down. You stretch yourself too thin, work too hard, and just can't say "no." You worry about what other people think of you and hope that you're enough for them. You wish it could stop - that you could feel good enough to have happiness and love and actually feel worthy of it.
You've never really felt like you are enough. Sure, you've been successful in school, at work, and well, at life... for the most part (at least it looks that way to other people). But deep down, it has always felt like there is something missing... something wrong - and you wonder if maybe there's actually just something wrong with you. You push your feelings down. You stretch yourself too thin, work too hard, and just can't say "no." You worry about what other people think of you and hope that you're enough for them. You wish it could stop - that you could feel good enough to have happiness and love and actually feel worthy of it.
(901) 295-6242 View (901) 295-6242
Photo of The Collective Healing Space, Psychologist in Memphis, TN
The Collective Healing Space
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
Being seen and heard are gifts that a lot of us have not consistently received throughout our lives. Our humanity requires these gifts to experience fullness, wholeness, and a steady sense of self. Ruptures and traumas with society, with others, and with ourselves can be experienced as a result of not being experienced as our full selves or when we are reduced to attributes, parts, or fragments rather than as fully human. At times, we can even begin to believe that this is all we are worth or engage in scrambling to live a life of scarcity not believing we deserve a life of abundance. Our life force, though, knows that we need more.
Being seen and heard are gifts that a lot of us have not consistently received throughout our lives. Our humanity requires these gifts to experience fullness, wholeness, and a steady sense of self. Ruptures and traumas with society, with others, and with ourselves can be experienced as a result of not being experienced as our full selves or when we are reduced to attributes, parts, or fragments rather than as fully human. At times, we can even begin to believe that this is all we are worth or engage in scrambling to live a life of scarcity not believing we deserve a life of abundance. Our life force, though, knows that we need more.
(901) 657-3660 View (901) 657-3660
Photo of Virginia Rantzow, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Virginia Rantzow
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP , NCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
I take it as a great honor to work with those who are taking steps towards improving their mental health. If you are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, tired, and like your resources are not working for you as they should, I welcome you to reach out! I am excited to support you in your work.
I take it as a great honor to work with those who are taking steps towards improving their mental health. If you are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, tired, and like your resources are not working for you as they should, I welcome you to reach out! I am excited to support you in your work.
(901) 716-8127 View (901) 716-8127
Photo of Ellie Mental Health - Memphis in Memphis, TN
Ellie Mental Health - Memphis
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38120
We are filling the gap between surviving and thriving. Your mental health care should be effective, easy, and fun. When life has you feeling down, our qualified & compassionate therapists are here to help you feel better.
We are filling the gap between surviving and thriving. Your mental health care should be effective, easy, and fun. When life has you feeling down, our qualified & compassionate therapists are here to help you feel better.
(901) 668-6722 View (901) 668-6722
Photo of Ira Martin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Ira Martin
Licensed Professional Counselor, Temp
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38104  (Online Only)
“The difficulties that you’re experiencing today can’t compare to the joy that’s coming.” Let's face it, life can really throw us curveballs. If you are someone that’s dealing with the struggles of day-to-day living and finding it difficult to overcome these challenges, let’s work together to regain the strength that you already possess.
“The difficulties that you’re experiencing today can’t compare to the joy that’s coming.” Let's face it, life can really throw us curveballs. If you are someone that’s dealing with the struggles of day-to-day living and finding it difficult to overcome these challenges, let’s work together to regain the strength that you already possess.
(901) 621-3269 View (901) 621-3269
Photo of Tabatha Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Tabatha Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LSSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Hello! Congratulations on accomplishing the hardest parts of the therapy process: acknowledging there’s a problem and seeking help. You are not alone! As your therapist, my goal is to meet you where you are, while providing coping strategies and individualize plans to help you cope and safely overcome the stressors in your life. Do you constantly feel drowned with stressors caused by daily life activities? Are you suffering from anxiety or depression? Are you a parent feeling overwhelmed with your child(ren) behavior issues at home and/or school? Look no further, I am here to assist you!
Hello! Congratulations on accomplishing the hardest parts of the therapy process: acknowledging there’s a problem and seeking help. You are not alone! As your therapist, my goal is to meet you where you are, while providing coping strategies and individualize plans to help you cope and safely overcome the stressors in your life. Do you constantly feel drowned with stressors caused by daily life activities? Are you suffering from anxiety or depression? Are you a parent feeling overwhelmed with your child(ren) behavior issues at home and/or school? Look no further, I am here to assist you!
(901) 699-4037 View (901) 699-4037
Photo of Britt Palmer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Memphis, TN
Britt Palmer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
The treatment of complex histories of trauma, eating disorders, and attachment disruptions must include interventions that rewire the brain from the bottom up, somatic movement to reintegrate the body with the brain, and a felt sense of safety, in the context of relationship. This provides lasting change for improved regulation, mood, energy, the ability to be present and attune to others. Too many therapies focus on decision making, problem solving, or changing your thoughts. This is not how we are wired to work. It leads to disappointment. My evidenced based interventions promise to be different.
The treatment of complex histories of trauma, eating disorders, and attachment disruptions must include interventions that rewire the brain from the bottom up, somatic movement to reintegrate the body with the brain, and a felt sense of safety, in the context of relationship. This provides lasting change for improved regulation, mood, energy, the ability to be present and attune to others. Too many therapies focus on decision making, problem solving, or changing your thoughts. This is not how we are wired to work. It leads to disappointment. My evidenced based interventions promise to be different.
(901) 519-2163 View (901) 519-2163
Photo of Kade Hiestand, Psychologist in Memphis, TN
Kade Hiestand
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38107
Not accepting new clients
Hope is being able to see that there is light despite all of the darkness. -Desmond Tutu. Sometimes it is hard to be hopeful when we are faced with problems in our life. Oftentimes claiming hope is the first step towards overcoming challenges, whether they be depression or anxiety, relationship stressors, or accepting and flourishing as individuals with multiple identities. From the onset of our time working together, we will establish hope as a foundation. From there we can address whatever burdens you carry together, to give you the knowledge and skills you need to live fully and happily.
Hope is being able to see that there is light despite all of the darkness. -Desmond Tutu. Sometimes it is hard to be hopeful when we are faced with problems in our life. Oftentimes claiming hope is the first step towards overcoming challenges, whether they be depression or anxiety, relationship stressors, or accepting and flourishing as individuals with multiple identities. From the onset of our time working together, we will establish hope as a foundation. From there we can address whatever burdens you carry together, to give you the knowledge and skills you need to live fully and happily.
(901) 425-1273 View (901) 425-1273
Photo of Dr. Chanda Dunn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Dr. Chanda Dunn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
If you are feeling stuck, stressed, anxious, sad, avoidant, unmotivated, distracted, or generally discontent with yourself, relationship, or the circles around you, then you may be experiencing difficulty navigating this stage of life. My passion is helping individuals with anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. I have multiple years of professional and private practice experience helping teens, adults, and older adults navigate emotional difficulties and traumatic periods. I have extensive experience supporting anxiety & depression, parenting, self-worth, stress management/self-care, life transitions, and trauma/PTSD.
If you are feeling stuck, stressed, anxious, sad, avoidant, unmotivated, distracted, or generally discontent with yourself, relationship, or the circles around you, then you may be experiencing difficulty navigating this stage of life. My passion is helping individuals with anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. I have multiple years of professional and private practice experience helping teens, adults, and older adults navigate emotional difficulties and traumatic periods. I have extensive experience supporting anxiety & depression, parenting, self-worth, stress management/self-care, life transitions, and trauma/PTSD.
(901) 699-4954 View (901) 699-4954
Photo of Lakeisha Conway, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Memphis, TN
Lakeisha Conway
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104
If you're looking for a quality, affordable and convenient social work supervision experience then search no more. As the owner of Best Practice Supervision, Coaching & Consulting, I provide clinical social worker supervision to LMSWs seeking LCSW licensure as well as assist with exam prep (emphasizing test taking strategies) for those seeking their LMSW in the State of TN. I provide online and face to face clinical supervision in the Memphis and Mid-South area for those seeking a close and easily accessible commute. I am also a Practice Monitor for those who have been sanctioned by TN Social Work Board.
If you're looking for a quality, affordable and convenient social work supervision experience then search no more. As the owner of Best Practice Supervision, Coaching & Consulting, I provide clinical social worker supervision to LMSWs seeking LCSW licensure as well as assist with exam prep (emphasizing test taking strategies) for those seeking their LMSW in the State of TN. I provide online and face to face clinical supervision in the Memphis and Mid-South area for those seeking a close and easily accessible commute. I am also a Practice Monitor for those who have been sanctioned by TN Social Work Board.
(901) 250-9330 View (901) 250-9330
Photo of Brenita Seay, Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Brenita Seay
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38137
Client's struggling with life transitions (i.e. divorce, going to college, move to a new city, etc.), depression, anxiety, issues with self-esteem/self-worth, grief and loss, life skill building are areas that we can work together on in therapy. See you soon!
Client's struggling with life transitions (i.e. divorce, going to college, move to a new city, etc.), depression, anxiety, issues with self-esteem/self-worth, grief and loss, life skill building are areas that we can work together on in therapy. See you soon!
(901) 657-4174 View (901) 657-4174
Photo of InnerChanges Counseling , Marriage & Family Therapist in Memphis, TN
InnerChanges Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38117
Are you searching for healthier relationships and better communication? Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, orthe residual effects of trauma? Do you feel overwhelmed? Inner Changes CounselingLLC is here to help you as you begin to make the changes needed to live your best life. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist ( TN, TX, IL) and a Clinical Fellow of the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy. I have over twenty years of experience in the Helping Profession, and I am passionate about helping people live up to their full potential. Contact me today to schedule your confidential telehealth session.
Are you searching for healthier relationships and better communication? Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, orthe residual effects of trauma? Do you feel overwhelmed? Inner Changes CounselingLLC is here to help you as you begin to make the changes needed to live your best life. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist ( TN, TX, IL) and a Clinical Fellow of the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy. I have over twenty years of experience in the Helping Profession, and I am passionate about helping people live up to their full potential. Contact me today to schedule your confidential telehealth session.
(901) 617-3592 View (901) 617-3592
Photo of Crystal Louise Woods, Pre-Licensed Professional in Memphis, TN
Crystal Louise Woods
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38127
Life is something we can only control to a certain degree. Isn't that the part we hate? If you are struggling to reach fulfillment and goals in your life, due to anxiety, stress, trauma, parenting concerns, or simply challenging life turns, it's time to get therapy started and gain the outcomes you desire. Your story doesn't have to continue with hope deferred. Hope is not just around you, hope is yours.
Life is something we can only control to a certain degree. Isn't that the part we hate? If you are struggling to reach fulfillment and goals in your life, due to anxiety, stress, trauma, parenting concerns, or simply challenging life turns, it's time to get therapy started and gain the outcomes you desire. Your story doesn't have to continue with hope deferred. Hope is not just around you, hope is yours.
(901) 665-3008 View (901) 665-3008
Photo of Glen Matthew Stamps Jr., Licensed Professional Counselor in Memphis, TN
Glen Matthew Stamps Jr.
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38119
Searching for someone to help when we are struggling can be difficult and uncomfortable. I want to make that process a little bit easier by employing a non-judgmental approach to meet someone where they are. My name is Matt Stamps, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider. I believe in an empathic approach to therapy in which I work with my clients as partners to heal and recover from mental health issues. I utilize evidence-based approaches to assist clients in developing coping skills and new perspectives to improve day-to-day life.
Searching for someone to help when we are struggling can be difficult and uncomfortable. I want to make that process a little bit easier by employing a non-judgmental approach to meet someone where they are. My name is Matt Stamps, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider. I believe in an empathic approach to therapy in which I work with my clients as partners to heal and recover from mental health issues. I utilize evidence-based approaches to assist clients in developing coping skills and new perspectives to improve day-to-day life.
(901) 244-5731 View (901) 244-5731
Photo of Archandria Owens, Psychologist in Memphis, TN
Archandria Owens
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Memphis, TN 38117
Do you ever feel like your choices are limited and like your movement towards growth is stunted? Therapy provides the opportunity to tap into the wisdom of how to live a more fulfilling life that is hidden within all of us, but at times feels out of reach. My work is to facilitate deep exploration of who you are, your needs, what propels you towards change, and what shapes the choices you make in your life. You can re-write the remaining parts of your life's story because you will have access to the author again: YOU.
Do you ever feel like your choices are limited and like your movement towards growth is stunted? Therapy provides the opportunity to tap into the wisdom of how to live a more fulfilling life that is hidden within all of us, but at times feels out of reach. My work is to facilitate deep exploration of who you are, your needs, what propels you towards change, and what shapes the choices you make in your life. You can re-write the remaining parts of your life's story because you will have access to the author again: YOU.
(901) 329-8334 View (901) 329-8334
Photo of Jennifer Stone, Psychologist in Memphis, TN
Jennifer Stone
Psychologist, PhD, MDiv
Verified Verified
Memphis, TN 38104
Not accepting new clients
Closed presently. With a doctorate in clinical psychology and 25+ years experience, I enjoy working with adults (22yrs. & up) & couples. My approach is to help you clarify goals, then work as a team. Whether your goals may be to improve mood, relationships, or behaviors, I will likely show you various pathways to improvement, and then support your choices. (Exceptional Experience/Credentials! - former university professor teaching clinical psychology and psychotherapy to graduate students/practitioners at Mississippi State U.; former Chair of MS state Psychology Board -monitoring statewide...
Closed presently. With a doctorate in clinical psychology and 25+ years experience, I enjoy working with adults (22yrs. & up) & couples. My approach is to help you clarify goals, then work as a team. Whether your goals may be to improve mood, relationships, or behaviors, I will likely show you various pathways to improvement, and then support your choices. (Exceptional Experience/Credentials! - former university professor teaching clinical psychology and psychotherapy to graduate students/practitioners at Mississippi State U.; former Chair of MS state Psychology Board -monitoring statewide...
(901) 254-8936 View (901) 254-8936

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Memphis, TN

500+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Memphis, TN who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Self Esteem
73% Relationship Issues
70% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Cigna and Evernorth
69% Aetna
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Memphis, TN see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Memphis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.