Therapists in Boulder, CO

View neighborhoods in Boulder
Photo of Charla Harvey, Pre-Licensed Professional in Boulder, CO
Charla Harvey
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301  (Online Only)
Growth seekers, counselors (especially counselors in training), and those with loud inner critics are all good fits for my style. Some of my focus areas include adult ADHD, anxiety, stress, transitions, boundaries, body image, family relationships, attachment, codependency, and relationship issues. I am LGBTQIA+ allied and also love to work with folks from those communities. If you’re ready to grow, I’m ready to support you along the way.
Growth seekers, counselors (especially counselors in training), and those with loud inner critics are all good fits for my style. Some of my focus areas include adult ADHD, anxiety, stress, transitions, boundaries, body image, family relationships, attachment, codependency, and relationship issues. I am LGBTQIA+ allied and also love to work with folks from those communities. If you’re ready to grow, I’m ready to support you along the way.
(720) 802-6446 View (720) 802-6446
Photo of Sunny Spielman, Registered Psychotherapist in Boulder, CO
Sunny Spielman
Registered Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302
I work with all types of people with a variety of presenting issues however the commonality is a desire to feel better, understand themselves with more clarity and insight, and experience a sense of care, connection and humor in the process of our work together. I think most people are looking for ways to sort out what has come between them and experiencing a vibrant authentic life that feels whole and well. In this exploration clients reconnect with their truest selves encountering what is both uncomfortable and liberating, developing skills, self trust and greater authenticity. I love my work and deeply appreciate my clients.
I work with all types of people with a variety of presenting issues however the commonality is a desire to feel better, understand themselves with more clarity and insight, and experience a sense of care, connection and humor in the process of our work together. I think most people are looking for ways to sort out what has come between them and experiencing a vibrant authentic life that feels whole and well. In this exploration clients reconnect with their truest selves encountering what is both uncomfortable and liberating, developing skills, self trust and greater authenticity. I love my work and deeply appreciate my clients.
(720) 664-8561 View (720) 664-8561
Photo of Kathleen Malone @ Boulder Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Kathleen Malone @ Boulder Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80304
I have an integrative approach to psychotherapy bringing awareness to body, mind, and spirit. How we eat, sleep, exercise, and relate to each other and the world are all meaningful and woven together in my approach. I use the Synergistic Play Therapy model with children and use the Psychobiological Approach to Couples Therapy (PACT) with couples and families. I also offer polychromatic light therapy to clients requesting this additional therapeutic modality to promote healing and well-being.
I have an integrative approach to psychotherapy bringing awareness to body, mind, and spirit. How we eat, sleep, exercise, and relate to each other and the world are all meaningful and woven together in my approach. I use the Synergistic Play Therapy model with children and use the Psychobiological Approach to Couples Therapy (PACT) with couples and families. I also offer polychromatic light therapy to clients requesting this additional therapeutic modality to promote healing and well-being.
(720) 650-7842 View (720) 650-7842
Photo of Cristina A Scatigno, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
Cristina A Scatigno
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
Are you suffering from uncomfortable anxiety and find that ways you try to control your thoughts and feelings or avoiding triggers is making things worse? I can help you learn to face your feelings and get enjoyment out of your life. I specialize in anxiety treatment for children, teens, college students, and adults. Some examples of commonly treated conditions include health anxiety, test anxiety, social anxiety, separation anxiety, and generalized worries. I have helped individuals of all ages recover from these challenges using a kind, caring, individualized approach that will challenge and support your growth and help you feel more brave and confident.
Are you suffering from uncomfortable anxiety and find that ways you try to control your thoughts and feelings or avoiding triggers is making things worse? I can help you learn to face your feelings and get enjoyment out of your life. I specialize in anxiety treatment for children, teens, college students, and adults. Some examples of commonly treated conditions include health anxiety, test anxiety, social anxiety, separation anxiety, and generalized worries. I have helped individuals of all ages recover from these challenges using a kind, caring, individualized approach that will challenge and support your growth and help you feel more brave and confident.
(303) 747-4014 View (303) 747-4014
Photo of Jessica Schaffer, Registered Psychotherapist in Boulder, CO
Jessica Schaffer
Registered Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
I’m a registered psychotherapist, Synergetic Play Therapist, and certified sleep coach. I want to coach you, the caregiver, every step of the way so that you can parent your child with confidence through the process. Through collaboration, your investment will result in a positive and thriving relationship with your children – day and night. No more sleepless nights for you or your child. Through our work, you will learn to interact with your child in a way that will be consistent with your own beliefs and values as to what is important to you and your child.
I’m a registered psychotherapist, Synergetic Play Therapist, and certified sleep coach. I want to coach you, the caregiver, every step of the way so that you can parent your child with confidence through the process. Through collaboration, your investment will result in a positive and thriving relationship with your children – day and night. No more sleepless nights for you or your child. Through our work, you will learn to interact with your child in a way that will be consistent with your own beliefs and values as to what is important to you and your child.
(720) 674-9272 View (720) 674-9272
Photo of Suzanne Conversano, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Suzanne Conversano
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301
When you seek change, there is a good reason. You may feel overwhelmed, stressed or have too many days feeling bad. How do I feel better or make a change? This is the place to start, therapy with compassionate, kind and non-judgemental support through this challenging time. Together we will create a path to understand your pain and the path out the other side to feeling good, confident and valued. We will look at patterns of behaviors and thoughts that are not helpful, boundaries that are draining and the patterns that weave your life. This path is challenging, interesting and fun. It is wonderful to feel content and confident.
When you seek change, there is a good reason. You may feel overwhelmed, stressed or have too many days feeling bad. How do I feel better or make a change? This is the place to start, therapy with compassionate, kind and non-judgemental support through this challenging time. Together we will create a path to understand your pain and the path out the other side to feeling good, confident and valued. We will look at patterns of behaviors and thoughts that are not helpful, boundaries that are draining and the patterns that weave your life. This path is challenging, interesting and fun. It is wonderful to feel content and confident.
(720) 728-0560 View (720) 728-0560
Photo of Megan Ramos, Counselor in Boulder, CO
Megan Ramos
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301
I offer somatic psychotherapy, energetic, and intuitive support for working through trauma, recovering a sense of aliveness, and connecting with the wisdom that naturally moves through each of us. Our sessions often start by coming into connection, safety and regulation in the moment. Often times, the symptoms and issues we experience are rooted in dysregulation in our nervous systems. Our time is rooted in expanding resource, a sense of well being in the moment, so that more difficult material can begin to integrate.
I offer somatic psychotherapy, energetic, and intuitive support for working through trauma, recovering a sense of aliveness, and connecting with the wisdom that naturally moves through each of us. Our sessions often start by coming into connection, safety and regulation in the moment. Often times, the symptoms and issues we experience are rooted in dysregulation in our nervous systems. Our time is rooted in expanding resource, a sense of well being in the moment, so that more difficult material can begin to integrate.
(970) 373-1488 View (970) 373-1488
Photo of Hannah Martell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Hannah Martell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC, PMH-C, ECMH-E®
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about collaborating with others in their healing journeys. As a Board Certified Art Therapist I utilize a holistic, mindfulness based, client-centered approach to work with children, adolescents, and adults to heal from anxiety, depression, adjustment difficulties, and loss. I specialize in early-childhood mental health as well as perinatal/postpartum mental health. I work in partnership with caregivers and young children to focus on integrating and healing early trauma, attachment disruptions, and building secure relationships between caregiver and child.
I am passionate about collaborating with others in their healing journeys. As a Board Certified Art Therapist I utilize a holistic, mindfulness based, client-centered approach to work with children, adolescents, and adults to heal from anxiety, depression, adjustment difficulties, and loss. I specialize in early-childhood mental health as well as perinatal/postpartum mental health. I work in partnership with caregivers and young children to focus on integrating and healing early trauma, attachment disruptions, and building secure relationships between caregiver and child.
(720) 802-6449 View (720) 802-6449
Photo of Joel Chabrier, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Joel Chabrier
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301  (Online Only)
I work especially with people who struggle with their intimate and social relationships, who suffer from anxiety, depression, grief and loss, self-harm, insomnia, chronic pain, or chronic illness, or with those who need more support, more positivity, help starting a career, or a better process of coping in their life due to a stressful moment or transition. I see clients of all ages, as well as couples and families.
I work especially with people who struggle with their intimate and social relationships, who suffer from anxiety, depression, grief and loss, self-harm, insomnia, chronic pain, or chronic illness, or with those who need more support, more positivity, help starting a career, or a better process of coping in their life due to a stressful moment or transition. I see clients of all ages, as well as couples and families.
(480) 571-9168 View (480) 571-9168
Photo of Jerry M. Ruhl, Psychologist in Boulder, CO
Jerry M. Ruhl
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301
Psychotherapy is the art and science of human change. I assist individuals with many types of problems, including: Depression, Anxiety and stress, Loneliness, Panic and phobias, Religious/spiritual concerns, Relationship issues, Sexual concerns including past abuse, Divorce recovery, Stress management, Loss and grief, Coping with life-changing accidents illness and disabilities, Mid-life challenges, retirement, aging, and life purpose.
Psychotherapy is the art and science of human change. I assist individuals with many types of problems, including: Depression, Anxiety and stress, Loneliness, Panic and phobias, Religious/spiritual concerns, Relationship issues, Sexual concerns including past abuse, Divorce recovery, Stress management, Loss and grief, Coping with life-changing accidents illness and disabilities, Mid-life challenges, retirement, aging, and life purpose.
(937) 501-0043 View (937) 501-0043
Photo of Kendra J Seoane, Registered Psychotherapist in Boulder, CO
Kendra J Seoane
Registered Psychotherapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80303
Are you so done with the diet roller coaster, yet you still find yourself overeating, binging and trying to lose weight? After two decades of struggling myself, I can tell you what I figured out. I created a simple, 4-step method to help people end the struggle with food and weight loss that anyone can easily master for the lifelong food and body freedom you crave.
Are you so done with the diet roller coaster, yet you still find yourself overeating, binging and trying to lose weight? After two decades of struggling myself, I can tell you what I figured out. I created a simple, 4-step method to help people end the struggle with food and weight loss that anyone can easily master for the lifelong food and body freedom you crave.
(720) 796-4123 View (720) 796-4123
Photo of ARISE® Network, Registered Psychotherapist in Boulder, CO
ARISE® Network
Registered Psychotherapist, MD, CAI, CIP, CFLE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80302
We specialize in helping individuals and families with long-term healing and recovery from addiction, behavioral compulsions, mental health challenges, and other acute, chronic and relapsing illnesses. We practice Invitational Intervention®, ARISE® Continuing Care with Intervention, which is Evidence-Based and proven to be effective. We match the Certified ARISE® Interventionists to the specific needs of the client and the family and are well connected to the best treatment centers across the country. We offer consultation, case management, safe transportation across transitions (geographic, family relationships and emotional), coaching, companionship (sober and mental health companions), placement and treatment advice and intervention.
We specialize in helping individuals and families with long-term healing and recovery from addiction, behavioral compulsions, mental health challenges, and other acute, chronic and relapsing illnesses. We practice Invitational Intervention®, ARISE® Continuing Care with Intervention, which is Evidence-Based and proven to be effective. We match the Certified ARISE® Interventionists to the specific needs of the client and the family and are well connected to the best treatment centers across the country. We offer consultation, case management, safe transportation across transitions (geographic, family relationships and emotional), coaching, companionship (sober and mental health companions), placement and treatment advice and intervention.
(720) 549-9825 View (720) 549-9825
Photo of Mark Swart - Inner Radiance Relational Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Mark Swart - Inner Radiance Relational Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LAC, MFTC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80305  (Online Only)
Who are you, actually? Our sense of self is shaped by surviving our parents, social groups, and the cultures we grow up in. Is that really you? Old, unconscious reactive patterns can stop you from living the life you would like, and so can relationship injuries and stress. You CAN change and rebuild yourself in new ways, with focused time and effort! I use multiple approaches in my work. We'll focus on what you're doing right, as well as barriers or problems. I encourage awareness, mindfulness and somatic/ body based approaches along with changing unhelpful thought patterns, and clarifying your values to help direct your goals.
Who are you, actually? Our sense of self is shaped by surviving our parents, social groups, and the cultures we grow up in. Is that really you? Old, unconscious reactive patterns can stop you from living the life you would like, and so can relationship injuries and stress. You CAN change and rebuild yourself in new ways, with focused time and effort! I use multiple approaches in my work. We'll focus on what you're doing right, as well as barriers or problems. I encourage awareness, mindfulness and somatic/ body based approaches along with changing unhelpful thought patterns, and clarifying your values to help direct your goals.
(303) 622-5387 View (303) 622-5387
Photo of Holly Trienens, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate in Boulder, CO
Holly Trienens
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem, or difficulty in relationship to others? Do you find it difficult to stay present, worrying about the future or past? Did you grow up experiencing trauma, or have had recent traumatic experiences and are having difficulty processing the emotions and stress that accompany trauma? We all get stuck in ways of relating to ourselves, others, and the world. Therapy can offer a way to bring awareness to how we are moving through life, consider our patterns, and promote growth and wellbeing.
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem, or difficulty in relationship to others? Do you find it difficult to stay present, worrying about the future or past? Did you grow up experiencing trauma, or have had recent traumatic experiences and are having difficulty processing the emotions and stress that accompany trauma? We all get stuck in ways of relating to ourselves, others, and the world. Therapy can offer a way to bring awareness to how we are moving through life, consider our patterns, and promote growth and wellbeing.
(720) 330-4023 View (720) 330-4023
Photo of Eliza Kingsford, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Eliza Kingsford
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80305
I help clients stop hating their bodies and guide them to a permanent peaceful relationship with food. If you are struggling with food and body image issues, I have been helping clients find a state of peace and ease around food for over 18 years.
I help clients stop hating their bodies and guide them to a permanent peaceful relationship with food. If you are struggling with food and body image issues, I have been helping clients find a state of peace and ease around food for over 18 years.
(720) 669-6766 View (720) 669-6766
Photo of Sara Truitt, Counselor in Boulder, CO
Sara Truitt
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80303
Sometimes life can feel fast-paced, oppressive, and overwhelming. Nature reminds us that we have access to our own internal resilience, peace, and wisdom. My passion lies in helping individuals navigate the terrain on their unique path to personal growth, self-discovery, and healing. Stress, anxiety, and fear are just some of the feelings that can make us feel stuck, disconnected, or lost. However, the empowering truth is that they don’t have to define us. Together, let’s embark on a transformative journey where we explore these emotions as powerful catalysts for change.
Sometimes life can feel fast-paced, oppressive, and overwhelming. Nature reminds us that we have access to our own internal resilience, peace, and wisdom. My passion lies in helping individuals navigate the terrain on their unique path to personal growth, self-discovery, and healing. Stress, anxiety, and fear are just some of the feelings that can make us feel stuck, disconnected, or lost. However, the empowering truth is that they don’t have to define us. Together, let’s embark on a transformative journey where we explore these emotions as powerful catalysts for change.
(720) 575-3568 View (720) 575-3568
Photo of Lauren B Sinclair, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Lauren B Sinclair
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80303  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am not currently accepting new clients. Let's get to work! This service is for those looking to amplify and improve their mental and emotional health. All services are available virtually on a secure video platform. Maybe you have done some coaching or therapy or made the deep dive into solo work but can't break through to your ultimate goal. Maybe you are looking for balance in your life or hoping to make big changes. Perhaps you are stuck on what's next. I am here to create a personal plan considering your lifestyle, goals, and present needs.
I am not currently accepting new clients. Let's get to work! This service is for those looking to amplify and improve their mental and emotional health. All services are available virtually on a secure video platform. Maybe you have done some coaching or therapy or made the deep dive into solo work but can't break through to your ultimate goal. Maybe you are looking for balance in your life or hoping to make big changes. Perhaps you are stuck on what's next. I am here to create a personal plan considering your lifestyle, goals, and present needs.
View
Photo of Dr. Annie Tanasugarn in Boulder, CO
Dr. Annie Tanasugarn
PhD, CCTSA
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80303  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Congratulations on taking an empowering first step in your transformational journey! As a behavioral psychologist & Certified Clinical Trauma and Relationship Specialist, my goal is to champion my clients with histories of attachment insecurities, fears, avoidance, anger, & self-sabotage by providing you a solution-focused toolkit for your overall growth. I offer a comprehensive and empirically-supported approach to elevate your overall well-being while collaborating at a pace that is comfortable and aligned with your specific needs. As a trauma-informed clinician, I provide a safe space for reflection, so you feel seen and heard.
Congratulations on taking an empowering first step in your transformational journey! As a behavioral psychologist & Certified Clinical Trauma and Relationship Specialist, my goal is to champion my clients with histories of attachment insecurities, fears, avoidance, anger, & self-sabotage by providing you a solution-focused toolkit for your overall growth. I offer a comprehensive and empirically-supported approach to elevate your overall well-being while collaborating at a pace that is comfortable and aligned with your specific needs. As a trauma-informed clinician, I provide a safe space for reflection, so you feel seen and heard.
(720) 740-1097 View (720) 740-1097
Photo of Maria Elena Garcia National Board Certified Therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Maria Elena Garcia National Board Certified Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80301  (Online Only)
Are you struggling, feeling down, stressed out, or confused about life? Therapy can be a refreshing, warm, and yes even fun way to support your mental health and feel better. I specialize in working with clients aged 18-45 years old to find relief from anxiety and depression, Additional areas of expertise include challenges around higher education, adulting, dating/relationships, being a woman, a new mom, a BIPOC, (Black Indigenous Person of Color), and a member of the LGBTQ+ community.
Are you struggling, feeling down, stressed out, or confused about life? Therapy can be a refreshing, warm, and yes even fun way to support your mental health and feel better. I specialize in working with clients aged 18-45 years old to find relief from anxiety and depression, Additional areas of expertise include challenges around higher education, adulting, dating/relationships, being a woman, a new mom, a BIPOC, (Black Indigenous Person of Color), and a member of the LGBTQ+ community.
(720) 696-9498 View (720) 696-9498
Photo of Joanne Neiman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Boulder, CO
Joanne Neiman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80305
We are living in difficult times and your experiences and challenges are uniquely yours. Whether you are facing Chronic Pain, Trauma, Chronic Illness including Cancer, Depression, Anxiety, ADHD, Social Anxiety, and School/Academic Difficulties.
We are living in difficult times and your experiences and challenges are uniquely yours. Whether you are facing Chronic Pain, Trauma, Chronic Illness including Cancer, Depression, Anxiety, ADHD, Social Anxiety, and School/Academic Difficulties.
(303) 442-4676 View (303) 442-4676

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boulder, CO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Boulder, CO who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
70% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
59% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Boulder, CO see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boulder?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.