Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Heather Ann Findlay, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Heather Ann Findlay
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Not accepting new clients
Perhaps you are struggling with depression or anxiety; perhaps you had a difficult childhood; maybe you are seeking a deeper, even spiritual connection to yourself, others, the universe. I strongly believe that your capacity to heal lies within you, and that my role is to create a safe place so that your inner healer can work its natural magic.
Perhaps you are struggling with depression or anxiety; perhaps you had a difficult childhood; maybe you are seeking a deeper, even spiritual connection to yourself, others, the universe. I strongly believe that your capacity to heal lies within you, and that my role is to create a safe place so that your inner healer can work its natural magic.
(415) 712-2569 View (415) 712-2569
Photo of Sahar Akhtar, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Sahar Akhtar
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC, LPC, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
People who decide to work with me are looking for someone who they feel comfortable sharing with. Someone who understands them culturally. Someone who can restore hope, work with them to implement healthier thought patterns, increase desired behaviors and empower them. People who work with me want better for themselves but feel stuck.
People who decide to work with me are looking for someone who they feel comfortable sharing with. Someone who understands them culturally. Someone who can restore hope, work with them to implement healthier thought patterns, increase desired behaviors and empower them. People who work with me want better for themselves but feel stuck.
(415) 480-5264 View (415) 480-5264
Photo of Karen Briceno, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Karen Briceno
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
Hello, my name is Karen Briceno and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience. My therapeutic approach is Trauma Informed, Client-Centered, Holistic, and Strength-based. My training includes but is not limited to the following evidence base practices: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Seeking Safety. My approach will include creating an environment where you can be open about your ideas and experiences without judgment. I will be genuine in my interactions with you.
Hello, my name is Karen Briceno and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience. My therapeutic approach is Trauma Informed, Client-Centered, Holistic, and Strength-based. My training includes but is not limited to the following evidence base practices: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Seeking Safety. My approach will include creating an environment where you can be open about your ideas and experiences without judgment. I will be genuine in my interactions with you.
(415) 877-9659 View (415) 877-9659
Photo of Shena Jensen, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Shena Jensen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with people who feel anxious, overwhelmed, or distressed in career, life situation, or around their relationships, whether with a significant other, family, friends, or social situations. Often this involves working with challenging relationship dynamics, insecurities, sense of self, sense of purpose, or past trauma. My approach combines my experience in both psychotherapy and coaching and is direct, compassionate, and transformative. I utilize the proven research focusing on the neurobiology of attachment along with a holistic toolbox including mindfulness and somatic (body oriented) awareness.
I specialize in working with people who feel anxious, overwhelmed, or distressed in career, life situation, or around their relationships, whether with a significant other, family, friends, or social situations. Often this involves working with challenging relationship dynamics, insecurities, sense of self, sense of purpose, or past trauma. My approach combines my experience in both psychotherapy and coaching and is direct, compassionate, and transformative. I utilize the proven research focusing on the neurobiology of attachment along with a holistic toolbox including mindfulness and somatic (body oriented) awareness.
(415) 446-1053 View (415) 446-1053
Photo of Alanna Simmons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Alanna Simmons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94121
Hi there! My name is Alanna Simmons, and I am a licensed clinical social worker. My goal is to provide support and help you understand how trauma can affect various aspects of your life. In a therapeutic setting, I follow my client's lead, whether they want to discuss trauma, anxiety, depression, or relationship barriers. My approach to therapy is based on a variety of modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Strength-based Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, and Solution Focused treatments.
Hi there! My name is Alanna Simmons, and I am a licensed clinical social worker. My goal is to provide support and help you understand how trauma can affect various aspects of your life. In a therapeutic setting, I follow my client's lead, whether they want to discuss trauma, anxiety, depression, or relationship barriers. My approach to therapy is based on a variety of modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Strength-based Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, and Solution Focused treatments.
(628) 243-4689 View (628) 243-4689
Photo of David Torres, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
David Torres
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
I specialize working with individuals who have endured/are enduring narcissistic abuse (like gaslighting and emotional manipulation) who often arrive at therapy feeling confused and depressed. Victims of narcissistic partners/family often struggle with self-blame, fueling a painful cycle of self-doubt, shame, and depression. I also work with sexual abuse and complex trauma, and substance misuse. We will focus on rebuilding self-esteem and embracing a future where you feel validated and strong.
I specialize working with individuals who have endured/are enduring narcissistic abuse (like gaslighting and emotional manipulation) who often arrive at therapy feeling confused and depressed. Victims of narcissistic partners/family often struggle with self-blame, fueling a painful cycle of self-doubt, shame, and depression. I also work with sexual abuse and complex trauma, and substance misuse. We will focus on rebuilding self-esteem and embracing a future where you feel validated and strong.
(415) 335-9429 View (415) 335-9429
Photo of Jonathan Shedler PhD, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jonathan Shedler PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94133
Not accepting new clients
I take pride in helping people who have not found the help they need from other professionals. I believe psychotherapy should identify core issues and begin to make a difference from the get-go. I have 25+ years experience practicing psychotherapy and teaching and supervising psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychoanalysts. I am a Clinical Professor in the UCSF Department of Psychiatry and was formerly Director of Psychology at the University of Colorado Hospital Outpatient Psychiatry Department. Please visit my website for more information.
I take pride in helping people who have not found the help they need from other professionals. I believe psychotherapy should identify core issues and begin to make a difference from the get-go. I have 25+ years experience practicing psychotherapy and teaching and supervising psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychoanalysts. I am a Clinical Professor in the UCSF Department of Psychiatry and was formerly Director of Psychology at the University of Colorado Hospital Outpatient Psychiatry Department. Please visit my website for more information.
(415) 650-1910 View (415) 650-1910
Elizabeth Corsale
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
I work with sensitivity and compassion to create a safe environment in which issues can be explored. I de-mystify the therapeutic process in order to help you maximize your efforts to create the life you wish to have. I help you to discover the unique person you are, whether you are a professional, an artist, a parent, or a couple. Whether your challenge is situational, chronic, or acute, my goal is to help you learn how to create a more fulfilled life and enrich your relationships. I work deeply and pragmatically, so that you gain both insight, development, growth and practical knowledge.
I work with sensitivity and compassion to create a safe environment in which issues can be explored. I de-mystify the therapeutic process in order to help you maximize your efforts to create the life you wish to have. I help you to discover the unique person you are, whether you are a professional, an artist, a parent, or a couple. Whether your challenge is situational, chronic, or acute, my goal is to help you learn how to create a more fulfilled life and enrich your relationships. I work deeply and pragmatically, so that you gain both insight, development, growth and practical knowledge.
(415) 723-4321 View (415) 723-4321
Photo of Kayla Whaley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kayla Whaley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
My approach to each session is to provide a safe space that invites clients to feel at ease in the present. While in this calming space, they can explore, challenge, and heal core wounds and behaviors. Things will continue to change as they heal various forms of trauma, anxiety, depression, and physical unrest. I hope to support your growth as you develop self-compassion and self-awareness, understanding how experiences can affect your overall well-being. By doing so you can begin to allow yourself a space for healing your thoughts, your body, and your relationship with the world around you.
My approach to each session is to provide a safe space that invites clients to feel at ease in the present. While in this calming space, they can explore, challenge, and heal core wounds and behaviors. Things will continue to change as they heal various forms of trauma, anxiety, depression, and physical unrest. I hope to support your growth as you develop self-compassion and self-awareness, understanding how experiences can affect your overall well-being. By doing so you can begin to allow yourself a space for healing your thoughts, your body, and your relationship with the world around you.
(415) 663-5011 View (415) 663-5011
Amanda L Cotten
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94133
I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and psychoanalysis in order to help you get from where you are to where you want to be. CBT can be a concrete road map for daily activities and psychoanalysis will help you gain the insight into yourself and find the deep strength that will give you resiliency for everything that comes your way."
I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and psychoanalysis in order to help you get from where you are to where you want to be. CBT can be a concrete road map for daily activities and psychoanalysis will help you gain the insight into yourself and find the deep strength that will give you resiliency for everything that comes your way."
(628) 277-4577 View (628) 277-4577
Photo of Adam Clark-Tan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Adam Clark-Tan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Do your worries or thoughts feel overwhelming? Do your compulsive behaviors feel out of your control? Now imagine that you can experience your thoughts and feelings without getting stuck trying to block them, change them, or act on them. Imagine being able to spend time with the people you love and accomplishing your goals. If you are ready to live your life joyfully, let's talk.
Do your worries or thoughts feel overwhelming? Do your compulsive behaviors feel out of your control? Now imagine that you can experience your thoughts and feelings without getting stuck trying to block them, change them, or act on them. Imagine being able to spend time with the people you love and accomplishing your goals. If you are ready to live your life joyfully, let's talk.
(415) 779-7705 View (415) 779-7705
Photo of Manali Deolalkar, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Manali Deolalkar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94133  (Online Only)
Are you someone who is looking to get a deeper understanding into your thoughts, emotions and overall mental health well-being? I have a few years of experience working with adults dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, self harm, relationship/dating issues, life transitions and sex-related issues. I work with BIPOC adults, South Asian folks, Women, college students, immigrants, tech workers, LGBTQ+ folks, other therapists, and first timers in therapy. I take into account your life experiences, cultural background and your goals, to be able to tailor therapy that meets your need.
Are you someone who is looking to get a deeper understanding into your thoughts, emotions and overall mental health well-being? I have a few years of experience working with adults dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, self harm, relationship/dating issues, life transitions and sex-related issues. I work with BIPOC adults, South Asian folks, Women, college students, immigrants, tech workers, LGBTQ+ folks, other therapists, and first timers in therapy. I take into account your life experiences, cultural background and your goals, to be able to tailor therapy that meets your need.
(628) 216-7639 View (628) 216-7639
Photo of Robyn L Stukalin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Robyn L Stukalin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I view psychotherapy as a joint venture in which we work collaboratively to reach your goals. My style is direct, transparent and positive, warm, interactive and nonjudgemental. I create the safety needed within our relationship to allow us to explore the issues that underlie depression, anxiety, loneliness, lack of fulfillment and other concerns. As a therapist I follow your lead. With over two decades of experience I work diligently to understand each individual, employing elements of psychoanalytic, mindfulness and cognitive behavioral theories to create an approach that best suits the unique individual with whom I am working.
I view psychotherapy as a joint venture in which we work collaboratively to reach your goals. My style is direct, transparent and positive, warm, interactive and nonjudgemental. I create the safety needed within our relationship to allow us to explore the issues that underlie depression, anxiety, loneliness, lack of fulfillment and other concerns. As a therapist I follow your lead. With over two decades of experience I work diligently to understand each individual, employing elements of psychoanalytic, mindfulness and cognitive behavioral theories to create an approach that best suits the unique individual with whom I am working.
(415) 360-2471 View (415) 360-2471
Photo of Diana N Abrams, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Diana N Abrams
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94111  (Online Only)
My ideal client is someone who needs help reaching their highest potential and decrease emotional suffering. They should be ready and willing to begin receiving guidance on how to reach their peak. I believe in self-determination and that individuals can find solutions with the right support.
My ideal client is someone who needs help reaching their highest potential and decrease emotional suffering. They should be ready and willing to begin receiving guidance on how to reach their peak. I believe in self-determination and that individuals can find solutions with the right support.
(415) 449-4988 View (415) 449-4988
Photo of Maryam Ashraf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Maryam Ashraf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, self-esteem, identity, and difficult life transitions? Do you find yourself feeling stuck and can’t seem to focus or move forward? There are many ways to get unstuck, and this is the work I love to do to help you heal, grow and live a more fulfilling life. I use an integrative approach including attachment-based work, DBT, CBT, IFS, and mindfulness, bringing in each as needed. Above all, I strive to hold space and empathy for your life experience.
Do you find yourself struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, self-esteem, identity, and difficult life transitions? Do you find yourself feeling stuck and can’t seem to focus or move forward? There are many ways to get unstuck, and this is the work I love to do to help you heal, grow and live a more fulfilling life. I use an integrative approach including attachment-based work, DBT, CBT, IFS, and mindfulness, bringing in each as needed. Above all, I strive to hold space and empathy for your life experience.
(415) 236-5618 View (415) 236-5618
Photo of Krista L (Durbin) Ehrenfried, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Krista L (Durbin) Ehrenfried
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Hi I'm Krista, and I'm so glad you're here. I specialize in working with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, stress/burnout, relationship issues, or those who come from dysfunctional family systems. I also have a focus in working premarital couples and women who are perinatal in the transition from maiden to mother and the issues that can come up around pregnancy, postpartum, and parenthood. I take a holistic approach to therapy, weaving together eastern philosophy with western psychology in my sessions, bringing awareness to the present moment and the body.
Hi I'm Krista, and I'm so glad you're here. I specialize in working with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, stress/burnout, relationship issues, or those who come from dysfunctional family systems. I also have a focus in working premarital couples and women who are perinatal in the transition from maiden to mother and the issues that can come up around pregnancy, postpartum, and parenthood. I take a holistic approach to therapy, weaving together eastern philosophy with western psychology in my sessions, bringing awareness to the present moment and the body.
(415) 635-0479 View (415) 635-0479
Photo of SF Relationship Counseling & Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
SF Relationship Counseling & Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Effective relationship counseling and psychotherapy here in San Francisco is my specialty for individuals and couples who are looking for therapy that creates closer, more meaningful and lasting relationships. If you are struggling to make sense of dating or relationships, you are certainly not alone. In fact, all of us need some outside perspective at times to help us make sense of it all. I welcome the opportunity to work with you. Specialties: * Relationship Counseling * Dating coach * Couples Counseling * Psychotherapy * ~Jeremi McManus, MFT, Relationship Counseling and Psychotherapy San Francisco
Effective relationship counseling and psychotherapy here in San Francisco is my specialty for individuals and couples who are looking for therapy that creates closer, more meaningful and lasting relationships. If you are struggling to make sense of dating or relationships, you are certainly not alone. In fact, all of us need some outside perspective at times to help us make sense of it all. I welcome the opportunity to work with you. Specialties: * Relationship Counseling * Dating coach * Couples Counseling * Psychotherapy * ~Jeremi McManus, MFT, Relationship Counseling and Psychotherapy San Francisco
(415) 723-4207 View (415) 723-4207
Photo of Pete Van Auken, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Pete Van Auken
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, LEP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
I am a psychotherapist with offices in San Francisco and Marin, and I provide individual therapy for adults and teens. I have a holistic and integrative approach to therapy, helping people to explore and resolve deeper issues that might be holding them back or manifesting as depression or anxiety. I specialize in helping clients to navigate major life transitions, overcome feelings of being stuck or overwhelmed, improve their relationships, and live with a stronger sense of vitality and authenticity.
I am a psychotherapist with offices in San Francisco and Marin, and I provide individual therapy for adults and teens. I have a holistic and integrative approach to therapy, helping people to explore and resolve deeper issues that might be holding them back or manifesting as depression or anxiety. I specialize in helping clients to navigate major life transitions, overcome feelings of being stuck or overwhelmed, improve their relationships, and live with a stronger sense of vitality and authenticity.
(415) 326-9551 View (415) 326-9551
Photo of Judith Tripp, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Judith Tripp
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Thirty-four years of experience have taught me what works in therapy. I utilize techniques from psychodynamic, cognitive, somatic and transpersonal approaches. I have skill and experience working with people who are anxious or depressed. I have worked successfully with people who have experienced childhood sexual abuse and people who have had difficulty in relationships. I will meet you with respect and compassion and work with you to develop a strategy for healing your wounds, disappointments and existential dilemmas. Together we will work to reveal the best of you-freed from debilitating family patterns, constraining belief systems and dysfunctional habits
Thirty-four years of experience have taught me what works in therapy. I utilize techniques from psychodynamic, cognitive, somatic and transpersonal approaches. I have skill and experience working with people who are anxious or depressed. I have worked successfully with people who have experienced childhood sexual abuse and people who have had difficulty in relationships. I will meet you with respect and compassion and work with you to develop a strategy for healing your wounds, disappointments and existential dilemmas. Together we will work to reveal the best of you-freed from debilitating family patterns, constraining belief systems and dysfunctional habits
(650) 385-8345 View (650) 385-8345
Photo of Peggy Feld, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Peggy Feld
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Therapy is self-care. Whether you wish to attend to long-standing issues or deal with unexpected life events, you have the opportunity in therapy to learn how to reassert control over your heart, mind and body; to treat yourself with love and respect; and to add meaning and depth to relationships. My style is very open, warm, and flexible. I will collaborate with you to meet your individual needs and provide the space for you to explore your thoughts and feelings.
Therapy is self-care. Whether you wish to attend to long-standing issues or deal with unexpected life events, you have the opportunity in therapy to learn how to reassert control over your heart, mind and body; to treat yourself with love and respect; and to add meaning and depth to relationships. My style is very open, warm, and flexible. I will collaborate with you to meet your individual needs and provide the space for you to explore your thoughts and feelings.
(415) 800-1599 View (415) 800-1599

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.