Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Andy Lavine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Andy Lavine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families. If you've encountered tough experiences, difficulties in work and relationships, traumas, or addiction, I am available to help. I've done extensive work at the crossroads of trauma and mental health, and specialize in helping clients move from crisis into stabilization. I use modalities such as attachment focused EMDR, IFS, DBT skills, somatic interventions and insight oriented talk therapy. I am here to partner with you so that we can work together to help you feel better. Getting you to a place where you can live the life you want to is my primary goal!
I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families. If you've encountered tough experiences, difficulties in work and relationships, traumas, or addiction, I am available to help. I've done extensive work at the crossroads of trauma and mental health, and specialize in helping clients move from crisis into stabilization. I use modalities such as attachment focused EMDR, IFS, DBT skills, somatic interventions and insight oriented talk therapy. I am here to partner with you so that we can work together to help you feel better. Getting you to a place where you can live the life you want to is my primary goal!
(415) 936-1910 View (415) 936-1910
Photo of Terrial Davenport, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Terrial Davenport
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I understand how anxiety, depression, anger, and Post Traumatic Stress can affect your relationships, work performance, and your ability to enjoy life. Choosing the right therapist is important. I have over 18 years of experience that I use to tailor therapy sessions to fit your individual needs in an interactive, compassionate, and supportive environment.
I understand how anxiety, depression, anger, and Post Traumatic Stress can affect your relationships, work performance, and your ability to enjoy life. Choosing the right therapist is important. I have over 18 years of experience that I use to tailor therapy sessions to fit your individual needs in an interactive, compassionate, and supportive environment.
(510) 210-8557 View (510) 210-8557
Photo of Dave Kalloor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Dave Kalloor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Not accepting new clients
Hi, I'm Dave :) I want to help you feel more connected with yourself and those around you. I'm an Indian-American therapist skilled in helping people move through trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship/family concerns, and school/career issues.
Hi, I'm Dave :) I want to help you feel more connected with yourself and those around you. I'm an Indian-American therapist skilled in helping people move through trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship/family concerns, and school/career issues.
(510) 726-6748 View (510) 726-6748
Photo of Nauser Wolfe, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Nauser Wolfe
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
The clients I work best with are battling with the effects of relational trauma, which can be especially difficult because most of us don’t even know what relational trauma is. You might think you had a happy childhood, but now as an adult you find yourself struggling in relationships of all kinds. You don’t know how to set boundaries. You feel selfish when you put yourself first. You feel guilty giving people negative feedback The bottom line is on a deep level you feel that it’s wrong to be your true self if it will inconvenience someone else.
The clients I work best with are battling with the effects of relational trauma, which can be especially difficult because most of us don’t even know what relational trauma is. You might think you had a happy childhood, but now as an adult you find yourself struggling in relationships of all kinds. You don’t know how to set boundaries. You feel selfish when you put yourself first. You feel guilty giving people negative feedback The bottom line is on a deep level you feel that it’s wrong to be your true self if it will inconvenience someone else.
(510) 256-7728 View (510) 256-7728
Photo of Karena Passaro, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Karena Passaro
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Life is harder than expected at times. Transitions, loss, trauma, persistent anxiety or depression, or a feeling that things will never change are just a few examples of the ways in which people can feel less hopeful about their lives. Psychotherapy is a tool that can alleviate the stressors of everyday life, improve one's sense of well being and connection with others and enhance one's self understanding. Over time it can also lead to a greater sense of competency and satisfaction in the world.
Life is harder than expected at times. Transitions, loss, trauma, persistent anxiety or depression, or a feeling that things will never change are just a few examples of the ways in which people can feel less hopeful about their lives. Psychotherapy is a tool that can alleviate the stressors of everyday life, improve one's sense of well being and connection with others and enhance one's self understanding. Over time it can also lead to a greater sense of competency and satisfaction in the world.
(510) 497-0702 View (510) 497-0702
Photo of Dr. Maria Pilar Bratko, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Maria Pilar Bratko
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Generally, what brings clients to my office are concerns related to work, relationships, and life. I offer both short-, and long-term therapy for individuals and couples. I welcome those from the Latino community. In individual therapy I will work with you to better understand your feelings and thoughts, find new ways for dealing with problems, and be more effective in recognizing and meeting your needs, desires, and aspirations. Couples often want to understand where their communication is not effective. We will work to improve your relationship by strengthening communication skills. I don't work with domestic violence.
Generally, what brings clients to my office are concerns related to work, relationships, and life. I offer both short-, and long-term therapy for individuals and couples. I welcome those from the Latino community. In individual therapy I will work with you to better understand your feelings and thoughts, find new ways for dealing with problems, and be more effective in recognizing and meeting your needs, desires, and aspirations. Couples often want to understand where their communication is not effective. We will work to improve your relationship by strengthening communication skills. I don't work with domestic violence.
(510) 648-5384 View (510) 648-5384
Photo of Amanda Saint-Louis, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Amanda Saint-Louis
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, RN, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
I seek to help people from diverse backgrounds who are looking to liberate themselves from subconscious self-limiting beliefs and patterns and desire to experience more vitality and authentic alignment with who they really are. I specialize in supporting people who identify as healers who support others but don't get enough personal support, people-pleasers, perfectionists, and folks who are burdened with the residue of trauma from difficult life experiences who want to build resilience, or need space to deconstruct/reconstruct the affects of living within failed and broken systems.
I seek to help people from diverse backgrounds who are looking to liberate themselves from subconscious self-limiting beliefs and patterns and desire to experience more vitality and authentic alignment with who they really are. I specialize in supporting people who identify as healers who support others but don't get enough personal support, people-pleasers, perfectionists, and folks who are burdened with the residue of trauma from difficult life experiences who want to build resilience, or need space to deconstruct/reconstruct the affects of living within failed and broken systems.
(510) 372-0551 View (510) 372-0551
Photo of Marissa Lee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Marissa Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Maybe you’re dealing with painful emotions by using strategies that–wait for it–generate more pain. Some of my clients feel so overwhelmed that not existing is starting to feel preferable. Others are managing unwanted, uncontrollable thoughts about horrible things that have happened or might happen. Many are figuring out who they are beyond societal and family expectations. Growth and self-discovery are awkward processes, so let’s walk into that awkwardness together and see if we can make things a bit more bearable.
Maybe you’re dealing with painful emotions by using strategies that–wait for it–generate more pain. Some of my clients feel so overwhelmed that not existing is starting to feel preferable. Others are managing unwanted, uncontrollable thoughts about horrible things that have happened or might happen. Many are figuring out who they are beyond societal and family expectations. Growth and self-discovery are awkward processes, so let’s walk into that awkwardness together and see if we can make things a bit more bearable.
(510) 661-3005 View (510) 661-3005
Photo of Delynn Parker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Delynn Parker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601  (Online Only)
Currently offering Virtual Sessions only. I keep things very friendly & casual by using relatable language, questioning ideas about being 'broken' or needing 'fixing' & avoid certain buzz words that can alienate others. By including humor & other non-traditional approaches in my work, I am a good fit for those looking for someone who is not very 'therapist' like but still has all the experience, therapeutic skills & insight to help create positive change. I am often able to connect with children & adults that have previously not enjoyed or benefited from counseling. I do not see couples or really young children due to telehealth.
Currently offering Virtual Sessions only. I keep things very friendly & casual by using relatable language, questioning ideas about being 'broken' or needing 'fixing' & avoid certain buzz words that can alienate others. By including humor & other non-traditional approaches in my work, I am a good fit for those looking for someone who is not very 'therapist' like but still has all the experience, therapeutic skills & insight to help create positive change. I am often able to connect with children & adults that have previously not enjoyed or benefited from counseling. I do not see couples or really young children due to telehealth.
(628) 212-7947 View (628) 212-7947
Photo of Terri J Brenneman, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Terri J Brenneman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Clinical Psychologist providing mindfulness based psychotherapy for adults and late adolescents, specializing in stress reduction, ADHD, weight/health management, life transitions, anxiety, infertility, and premarital counseling. Also, conduct psychological assessments for bariatric surgery candidates, ADHD (adult and child), adoption, and clergy
Clinical Psychologist providing mindfulness based psychotherapy for adults and late adolescents, specializing in stress reduction, ADHD, weight/health management, life transitions, anxiety, infertility, and premarital counseling. Also, conduct psychological assessments for bariatric surgery candidates, ADHD (adult and child), adoption, and clergy
(510) 573-7350 View (510) 573-7350
Photo of Eleanor Broh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Eleanor Broh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94601  (Online Only)
So many of us have been harmed by other people, by systems of oppression, and by experiences of collective trauma. These experiences disconnect us from ourselves and from each other, so that we may blame and attack ourselves, or lash out at those around us, or feel compelled to be perfect at the cost of our wellbeing, or numb our feelings, or feel always insecure and unsafe in relationships. People who work with me are curious, wanting to know more about how past experiences are showing up in their feelings, bodies, sense of self, behaviors, values, and relationships today.
So many of us have been harmed by other people, by systems of oppression, and by experiences of collective trauma. These experiences disconnect us from ourselves and from each other, so that we may blame and attack ourselves, or lash out at those around us, or feel compelled to be perfect at the cost of our wellbeing, or numb our feelings, or feel always insecure and unsafe in relationships. People who work with me are curious, wanting to know more about how past experiences are showing up in their feelings, bodies, sense of self, behaviors, values, and relationships today.
(510) 945-1464 View (510) 945-1464
Photo of Rita Karuna Cahn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Rita Karuna Cahn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Not accepting new clients
Offering attention to your whole self, I integrate mind-body approaches with relational analytic and Jungian depth psychology. I bring personal warmth, intuition and over 45 years of clinical experience with individuals, couples and groups. We work collaboratively, bringing greater awareness to your inner and outer life. My approach is tailored to your individual needs, with attention to current and past trauma, current and past relationship and family issues, and the ways those unresolved issues may inhibit your fullest realization of your ambitions and ideals. I welcome LGBT and culturally diverse clients.
Offering attention to your whole self, I integrate mind-body approaches with relational analytic and Jungian depth psychology. I bring personal warmth, intuition and over 45 years of clinical experience with individuals, couples and groups. We work collaboratively, bringing greater awareness to your inner and outer life. My approach is tailored to your individual needs, with attention to current and past trauma, current and past relationship and family issues, and the ways those unresolved issues may inhibit your fullest realization of your ambitions and ideals. I welcome LGBT and culturally diverse clients.
(415) 903-4284 View (415) 903-4284
Photo of Kendra Feliz Paulsen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Kendra Feliz Paulsen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
We all have work to do. We don't have to do it alone. In a safe, non-judgmental environment, I explore with my clients their dreams, artwork, relationships, and daily life experiences, to bring light and insight to blockages and barriers to their full experience and enjoyment of life. Such blockages can be past trauma, incorrect embedded beliefs, injured parts, and/or ingrained thought patterns and habits. Once these things are processed and/or healed, new ways forward can be nurtured.
We all have work to do. We don't have to do it alone. In a safe, non-judgmental environment, I explore with my clients their dreams, artwork, relationships, and daily life experiences, to bring light and insight to blockages and barriers to their full experience and enjoyment of life. Such blockages can be past trauma, incorrect embedded beliefs, injured parts, and/or ingrained thought patterns and habits. Once these things are processed and/or healed, new ways forward can be nurtured.
(510) 922-0049 View (510) 922-0049
Photo of Nina Hausman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Nina Hausman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94606  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck in life? Maybe you’re struggling with relationship challenges, past traumas or work stress? Is shame, anxiety, anger or numbness affecting your ability to be happy? Maybe you’re wondering how your substance use, or that of a loved one, is related to any of this? I’d like to offer you a non-judgmental space to explore behaviors, beliefs and feelings that keep you from living the life you want to live. You are not broken and I would be honored to help you reconnect to the innate wisdom and power of your authentic self. My style is warm, nurturing and empathic.
Are you feeling stuck in life? Maybe you’re struggling with relationship challenges, past traumas or work stress? Is shame, anxiety, anger or numbness affecting your ability to be happy? Maybe you’re wondering how your substance use, or that of a loved one, is related to any of this? I’d like to offer you a non-judgmental space to explore behaviors, beliefs and feelings that keep you from living the life you want to live. You are not broken and I would be honored to help you reconnect to the innate wisdom and power of your authentic self. My style is warm, nurturing and empathic.
(510) 405-0628 View (510) 405-0628
Photo of Kathy Sinsheimer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Kathy Sinsheimer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Relationships are complicated! I've helped many couples who have been interested in becoming happier and more effective in their relationship. It's not unusual to reach bumps in the road as you progress in your lives together. When we are in session, I'll talk with each of you to find out about you as individuals including your history and emotional strengths as well as challenges. As well, I'll learn what is working and what is not working for both of you in your relationship.
Relationships are complicated! I've helped many couples who have been interested in becoming happier and more effective in their relationship. It's not unusual to reach bumps in the road as you progress in your lives together. When we are in session, I'll talk with each of you to find out about you as individuals including your history and emotional strengths as well as challenges. As well, I'll learn what is working and what is not working for both of you in your relationship.
(510) 768-8474 View (510) 768-8474
Photo of Steven W. Flannes, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Steven W. Flannes
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Services: I provide individual psychotherapy for adults, using an approach involving mindfulness based practices and an existential-humanistic mindset. I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has worked across the full spectrum of psychotherapy settings, including private practice, mental health clinics, inpatient settings, and day treatment programs. I have also held numerous clinical leadership roles, such as the director of a county outpatient mental health center, and the director of an inpatient psychiatric unit.
Services: I provide individual psychotherapy for adults, using an approach involving mindfulness based practices and an existential-humanistic mindset. I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has worked across the full spectrum of psychotherapy settings, including private practice, mental health clinics, inpatient settings, and day treatment programs. I have also held numerous clinical leadership roles, such as the director of a county outpatient mental health center, and the director of an inpatient psychiatric unit.
(510) 944-0247 View (510) 944-0247
Photo of Allison Zamani, Counselor in Oakland, CA
Allison Zamani
Counselor, JD, MACP, LPCC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
My style is compassionate yet direct, soft yet forceful. I combine traditional talk therapy with somatic therapy (i.e., therapy involving awareness and work with the body). I have a background working in the corporate world and understand the challenges unique to that space. I trained at the California Institute of Integral Studies and incorporate not only that training but my years of post-graduate education and time spent studying different energetic and intuitive healing techniques into the work I do with you. Visit my website at www.allisonzamani.com for more information.
My style is compassionate yet direct, soft yet forceful. I combine traditional talk therapy with somatic therapy (i.e., therapy involving awareness and work with the body). I have a background working in the corporate world and understand the challenges unique to that space. I trained at the California Institute of Integral Studies and incorporate not only that training but my years of post-graduate education and time spent studying different energetic and intuitive healing techniques into the work I do with you. Visit my website at www.allisonzamani.com for more information.
(415) 843-7416 View (415) 843-7416
Photo of Josh Freund, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Josh Freund
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Are you curious about Ketamine Assisted Therapy (KAP)? Being a person in this world can be lonely, depressing, and anxiety provoking. Sometimes we just feel stuck. But change is possible, and a new future is coming. I can offer you KAP, a transformative and safe process. Having a therapist you trust, who can guide you through the tricky waters of your life is immensely relieving. Let's chat and find out if I can be the therapist for you.
Are you curious about Ketamine Assisted Therapy (KAP)? Being a person in this world can be lonely, depressing, and anxiety provoking. Sometimes we just feel stuck. But change is possible, and a new future is coming. I can offer you KAP, a transformative and safe process. Having a therapist you trust, who can guide you through the tricky waters of your life is immensely relieving. Let's chat and find out if I can be the therapist for you.
(341) 999-3998 View (341) 999-3998
Photo of Kevin Edward Rowland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Kevin Edward Rowland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Want to see results in your psychotherapy? My twenty years in the field have informed my safe, supportive, solutions focused style using empirically proven techniques. I collaborate best with motivated Clients who are working through the following challenges: depression, anxiety, addiction, traumas, communication/relationship and workplace issues. I have an office in Oakland and San Francisco, and take most insurance and self pay Clients. Please call for a free telephonic consultation.
Want to see results in your psychotherapy? My twenty years in the field have informed my safe, supportive, solutions focused style using empirically proven techniques. I collaborate best with motivated Clients who are working through the following challenges: depression, anxiety, addiction, traumas, communication/relationship and workplace issues. I have an office in Oakland and San Francisco, and take most insurance and self pay Clients. Please call for a free telephonic consultation.
(510) 877-0241 View (510) 877-0241
Photo of Adrian Antonia Eraslan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Adrian Antonia Eraslan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Hi there, I'm Adrian. Kudos to you for taking this step and seeking support! It's my goal to provide a compassionate, creative space to work together on what may be holding you back or weighing you down. I see therapy as an opportunity to explore your story and the narratives we've been told, and get to a place where we feel like we're the authors of our own lives. Whether it involves laughing, crying, art-making, deconstructing, deep breathing, crystals, curse words...we get to figure out together what healing might look like for you. (Please note: I'm currently licensed under my legal name, Leyla Antonia Eraslan).
Hi there, I'm Adrian. Kudos to you for taking this step and seeking support! It's my goal to provide a compassionate, creative space to work together on what may be holding you back or weighing you down. I see therapy as an opportunity to explore your story and the narratives we've been told, and get to a place where we feel like we're the authors of our own lives. Whether it involves laughing, crying, art-making, deconstructing, deep breathing, crystals, curse words...we get to figure out together what healing might look like for you. (Please note: I'm currently licensed under my legal name, Leyla Antonia Eraslan).
(415) 862-1790 View (415) 862-1790

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.