Therapists in Denver, CO

View neighborhoods in Denver
Photo of Merissa Cope, Pre-Licensed Professional in Denver, CO
Merissa Cope
Pre-Licensed Professional, SWC, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80209
Hi! Thank you for being here. Therapy is a journey, and even being on this page represents a significant step. Whether you’re an individual, couple, throuple, polycule, or friendship unit, you have a place here and I’m excited to work with you! Therapy is often difficult and vulnerable, as well as tender and joyful. I strive to embrace all of these pieces, so our work together will likely involve a shared smile or two in between the heavier moments. I hope we can work together to define and create more fulfilling relationships, from the one you have with yourself to those you have with others: platonic, romantic, familial, and more!
Hi! Thank you for being here. Therapy is a journey, and even being on this page represents a significant step. Whether you’re an individual, couple, throuple, polycule, or friendship unit, you have a place here and I’m excited to work with you! Therapy is often difficult and vulnerable, as well as tender and joyful. I strive to embrace all of these pieces, so our work together will likely involve a shared smile or two in between the heavier moments. I hope we can work together to define and create more fulfilling relationships, from the one you have with yourself to those you have with others: platonic, romantic, familial, and more!
(720) 743-6931 View (720) 743-6931
Photo of Allison Kalivas, Marriage and Family Therapist Candidate in Denver, CO
Allison Kalivas
Marriage and Family Therapist Candidate, MFTC
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80209
My passion is helping individuals and couples develop the tools to thrive. So often, we feel pressure to shrink ourselves to fit into external expectations. Therapy is a place to break free from those expectations and explore all aspects of yourself. We focus on how your past and present experiences impact your emotional wellness. By drawing connections between your emotions, thoughts, and experiences, one can learn how they impact your life and move towards healing and a meaningful life. Specific to couples therapy, I enjoy helping couples discover the underlying emotions driving discomfort and disconnection, leading to change.
My passion is helping individuals and couples develop the tools to thrive. So often, we feel pressure to shrink ourselves to fit into external expectations. Therapy is a place to break free from those expectations and explore all aspects of yourself. We focus on how your past and present experiences impact your emotional wellness. By drawing connections between your emotions, thoughts, and experiences, one can learn how they impact your life and move towards healing and a meaningful life. Specific to couples therapy, I enjoy helping couples discover the underlying emotions driving discomfort and disconnection, leading to change.
(720) 675-7123 View (720) 675-7123
Photo of Tawny Hiatt, Psychologist in Denver, CO
Tawny Hiatt
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80212
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients enact meaningful change to improve the quality of their lives. I use a variety of modalities customized to your concerns and presenting problems so that therapy is not only effective but efficient as well. I believe it is ultimately my job to make myself obsolete and I am always happy when my clients feel they have integrated enough of therapy that they no longer "need" it.
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients enact meaningful change to improve the quality of their lives. I use a variety of modalities customized to your concerns and presenting problems so that therapy is not only effective but efficient as well. I believe it is ultimately my job to make myself obsolete and I am always happy when my clients feel they have integrated enough of therapy that they no longer "need" it.
(720) 902-6753 View (720) 902-6753
Photo of Wendy Wiles Kase, Marriage & Family Therapist in Denver, CO
Wendy Wiles Kase
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, MSMFT
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80206  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with individuals, families, and couples to uncover their limiting beliefs, discover inner strengths and create a vision of how to enhance their relationships. Ideally, clients are eager to learn how to speak their truth and are open to making changes in their lives to improve their situations. Using models of John Gottman, Sue Johnson, NLP, IFS, science-based relationship enhancement techniques, I enjoy helping clients who come to sessions willing to identify the root of their struggles, set goals and create a plan to develop skills to navigate life's ever-changing circumstances. Texas license applied for.
I enjoy working with individuals, families, and couples to uncover their limiting beliefs, discover inner strengths and create a vision of how to enhance their relationships. Ideally, clients are eager to learn how to speak their truth and are open to making changes in their lives to improve their situations. Using models of John Gottman, Sue Johnson, NLP, IFS, science-based relationship enhancement techniques, I enjoy helping clients who come to sessions willing to identify the root of their struggles, set goals and create a plan to develop skills to navigate life's ever-changing circumstances. Texas license applied for.
(972) 737-7936 View (972) 737-7936
Photo of Sophie Skoggard, Pre-Licensed Professional in Denver, CO
Sophie Skoggard
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80218
Lasting growth and transformation occur when we gently and courageously explore our own psyches. Through this process, we offer love to the parts of us that have been wounded, we uncover our limiting beliefs, and we learn to listen to our inner knowing. We are often run by our unconscious mind, allowing fear, trauma, and social conditioning to direct our thoughts and behavior. My role as therapist is to create a safe space for you to explore what is beneath the surface. Together, we'll help you develop greater self-awareness and self-connection, which leads to greater self-love, compassion and trust in yourself.
Lasting growth and transformation occur when we gently and courageously explore our own psyches. Through this process, we offer love to the parts of us that have been wounded, we uncover our limiting beliefs, and we learn to listen to our inner knowing. We are often run by our unconscious mind, allowing fear, trauma, and social conditioning to direct our thoughts and behavior. My role as therapist is to create a safe space for you to explore what is beneath the surface. Together, we'll help you develop greater self-awareness and self-connection, which leads to greater self-love, compassion and trust in yourself.
(720) 926-6766 x803 View (720) 926-6766 x803
Photo of Heather Christine Burton, Psychologist in Denver, CO
Heather Christine Burton
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80231  (Online Only)
My path to becoming a psychologist likely began in early childhood when I began observing the people around me and anticipating their reactions and behavior. In the early stages of my career, I was drawn specifically to understanding attachment style and how our early relationships influenced our emotional development, and how we connect with others. My approach to therapy also includes sensorimotor interventions in which I invite you to practice curiosity about physical sensations and cues. Most integral to my work is the therapeutic relationship for it is only when we feel truly connected that we're able to fully know ourselves.
My path to becoming a psychologist likely began in early childhood when I began observing the people around me and anticipating their reactions and behavior. In the early stages of my career, I was drawn specifically to understanding attachment style and how our early relationships influenced our emotional development, and how we connect with others. My approach to therapy also includes sensorimotor interventions in which I invite you to practice curiosity about physical sensations and cues. Most integral to my work is the therapeutic relationship for it is only when we feel truly connected that we're able to fully know ourselves.
(720) 897-5431 View (720) 897-5431
Photo of Nancy Lynn Bortz, Counselor in Denver, CO
Nancy Lynn Bortz
Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80220
There may be times when you feel you can benefit from having an objective, nonjudgmental, and caring person help you move forward. I work with many individuals who are experiencing anxiety, stress, sadness, or just feel confused or uncertain about the path they are currently taking. You may be in a difficult relationship or feel that your anxiety and fear are preventing you from getting what you really want out of life. Sometimes support and clarification can really empower and motivate you to make changes that lead to better mental and physical health. Therapy is a an incredible opportunity to believe in the power of yourself.
There may be times when you feel you can benefit from having an objective, nonjudgmental, and caring person help you move forward. I work with many individuals who are experiencing anxiety, stress, sadness, or just feel confused or uncertain about the path they are currently taking. You may be in a difficult relationship or feel that your anxiety and fear are preventing you from getting what you really want out of life. Sometimes support and clarification can really empower and motivate you to make changes that lead to better mental and physical health. Therapy is a an incredible opportunity to believe in the power of yourself.
(720) 513-2188 View (720) 513-2188
Photo of Bobby Dunham, Licensed Professional Counselor in Denver, CO
Bobby Dunham
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80211
Life has a way of forcing us to confront things which we believed we already overcame. Sometimes we look at ourselves and think, "how did I get here?". We can become so complacent and comfortable with discomfort that it becomes our new normal, forming our views and behaviors without our knowledge it's even happening. Sometimes we all just need an accepting and neutral person to process life with in order to regain control and understanding. We will work together to build respect and trust. I believe that counseling is not giving a hand to a person sitting in the mud, it's sitting in the mud with them and getting out together.
Life has a way of forcing us to confront things which we believed we already overcame. Sometimes we look at ourselves and think, "how did I get here?". We can become so complacent and comfortable with discomfort that it becomes our new normal, forming our views and behaviors without our knowledge it's even happening. Sometimes we all just need an accepting and neutral person to process life with in order to regain control and understanding. We will work together to build respect and trust. I believe that counseling is not giving a hand to a person sitting in the mud, it's sitting in the mud with them and getting out together.
(720) 790-6378 View (720) 790-6378
Photo of Darien Combs, Psychologist in Denver, CO
Darien Combs
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80203
Not accepting new clients
Do you ever feel like you are not enough? Do you feel overwhelmed and exhausted? Are you feeling stuck and not sure how to move forward? Have you been told you are too sensitive? It is okay to not be okay. We all suffer to varying degrees and about different things, but we are not alone; suffering is part of our common human experience. Rather than dismiss or invalidate yourself and your difficulties, it's important to recognize and acknowledge your challenges. How can you give yourself the same attention and care that you would someone you care deeply about? How can you cultivate kindness and compassion towards yourself?
Do you ever feel like you are not enough? Do you feel overwhelmed and exhausted? Are you feeling stuck and not sure how to move forward? Have you been told you are too sensitive? It is okay to not be okay. We all suffer to varying degrees and about different things, but we are not alone; suffering is part of our common human experience. Rather than dismiss or invalidate yourself and your difficulties, it's important to recognize and acknowledge your challenges. How can you give yourself the same attention and care that you would someone you care deeply about? How can you cultivate kindness and compassion towards yourself?
(720) 650-6841 View (720) 650-6841
Photo of 1st Priority Institute for Better Living, Licensed Professional Counselor in Denver, CO
1st Priority Institute for Better Living
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80216
We know finding the right therapist can be a daunting task. We hope to make that easier. We pride ourselves on the ability to work with each person in a supportive and encouraging setting. We strongly believe in each persons potential and ability to make changes and create happiness. Our clinicians are highly trained in a wide array of specialties. At 1st Priority Institute for Better Living the atmosphere is cheerful and hopeful; optimistic for a better tomorrow. We encourage you to dig deep and call today.
We know finding the right therapist can be a daunting task. We hope to make that easier. We pride ourselves on the ability to work with each person in a supportive and encouraging setting. We strongly believe in each persons potential and ability to make changes and create happiness. Our clinicians are highly trained in a wide array of specialties. At 1st Priority Institute for Better Living the atmosphere is cheerful and hopeful; optimistic for a better tomorrow. We encourage you to dig deep and call today.
(720) 740-8949 View (720) 740-8949
Photo of Emily Tiede, Licensed Professional Counselor in Denver, CO
Emily Tiede
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80231
Dedicating time and energy to bettering self is courageous and powerful. Self-discovery and growth are not easy tasks and I’d be honored to support your journey. When working with me, you can expect to chat with someone who practices genuine curiosity and active listening skills. I aspire to learn about you, what your goals are, and how we can take steps toward those goals. Some ways to describe my style are empathetic, attentive, integrative, nonjudgemental, and supportive.
Dedicating time and energy to bettering self is courageous and powerful. Self-discovery and growth are not easy tasks and I’d be honored to support your journey. When working with me, you can expect to chat with someone who practices genuine curiosity and active listening skills. I aspire to learn about you, what your goals are, and how we can take steps toward those goals. Some ways to describe my style are empathetic, attentive, integrative, nonjudgemental, and supportive.
(303) 732-8179 View (303) 732-8179
Photo of Regina Kearney, LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Denver, CO
Regina Kearney, LCSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80218
I am passionate about the work I do and truly enjoy helping people cope with, and move forward from, the issues that lead them to counseling. I offer individual and family therapy to teens and adults. Specialties include: anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar depression, trauma, grief and loss, relationship problems, and life transitions. You can expect that in our work together I will provide compassionate, honest and effective feedback, education and skills coaching that supports attaining your goals. I believe in focusing on the strengths you already possess and solutions that will work.
I am passionate about the work I do and truly enjoy helping people cope with, and move forward from, the issues that lead them to counseling. I offer individual and family therapy to teens and adults. Specialties include: anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar depression, trauma, grief and loss, relationship problems, and life transitions. You can expect that in our work together I will provide compassionate, honest and effective feedback, education and skills coaching that supports attaining your goals. I believe in focusing on the strengths you already possess and solutions that will work.
(720) 758-0986 View (720) 758-0986
Photo of Megan McConnell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Denver, CO
Megan McConnell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80210
Currently accepting new clients in-person and online. Are you ready to start living your bold, joyful, authentic life? To let go of the anxiety, trauma, or self-doubt that stand in your way? You already have everything you need within you to get there, sometimes you just need help accessing it. That’s where I can help. I create an affirming and safe space for you to reconnect with who you are and what you want. We will work together to uncover and address what is keeping you stuck so you can achieve the transformation and healing you desire.
Currently accepting new clients in-person and online. Are you ready to start living your bold, joyful, authentic life? To let go of the anxiety, trauma, or self-doubt that stand in your way? You already have everything you need within you to get there, sometimes you just need help accessing it. That’s where I can help. I create an affirming and safe space for you to reconnect with who you are and what you want. We will work together to uncover and address what is keeping you stuck so you can achieve the transformation and healing you desire.
(303) 502-5838 View (303) 502-5838
Photo of Jeremy Magin, Counselor in Denver, CO
Jeremy Magin
Counselor, LPCC, MCMHC
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80238
Accepting new clients for Telehealth and in-person sessions. You are seeking guidance and I respect you for that. Together, we will work toward you achieving the unique level of healing and personal growth you are seeking. I offer a welcoming, non-judgmental space for our time together. Your counseling sessions will be collaborative efforts to process your lived experience, create attainable goals, develop critical skills, and work toward positive outcomes.
Accepting new clients for Telehealth and in-person sessions. You are seeking guidance and I respect you for that. Together, we will work toward you achieving the unique level of healing and personal growth you are seeking. I offer a welcoming, non-judgmental space for our time together. Your counseling sessions will be collaborative efforts to process your lived experience, create attainable goals, develop critical skills, and work toward positive outcomes.
(720) 783-7949 View (720) 783-7949
Photo of Jeanne Floerke, Psychologist in Denver, CO
Jeanne Floerke
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80203
I work with children, adolescents and adults who are primarily dealing with anxiety, depression and relationship issues. Emotional health is as important as physical health. We work together to understand how to accomplish change. I work in medical and mental health settings with the belief that integrating feelings with appropriate behavior creates a more peaceful existence. This summer I will be offering psychotherapy with equine assistance for kids (individual and group treatment) ages 6-adolescents at Affinity Ranch in Parker, CO.
I work with children, adolescents and adults who are primarily dealing with anxiety, depression and relationship issues. Emotional health is as important as physical health. We work together to understand how to accomplish change. I work in medical and mental health settings with the belief that integrating feelings with appropriate behavior creates a more peaceful existence. This summer I will be offering psychotherapy with equine assistance for kids (individual and group treatment) ages 6-adolescents at Affinity Ranch in Parker, CO.
(720) 636-7214 View (720) 636-7214
Photo of Philip T Prewitt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Denver, CO
Philip T Prewitt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80207
Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP), I strive to help my clients identify changes they can make in their thought habits and beliefs to help improve their mood and relationships.
Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP), I strive to help my clients identify changes they can make in their thought habits and beliefs to help improve their mood and relationships.
(720) 340-8606 View (720) 340-8606
Photo of Nicole Cochran, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Denver, CO
Nicole Cochran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80210
I approach therapy from a holistic perspective considering the entirety of an individual. My therapeutic style is rooted in the belief that each individual is unique. I bring both lived and professional experience to my work and practice an integrative approach that draws from various evidence-based modalities including EMDR.
I approach therapy from a holistic perspective considering the entirety of an individual. My therapeutic style is rooted in the belief that each individual is unique. I bring both lived and professional experience to my work and practice an integrative approach that draws from various evidence-based modalities including EMDR.
(303) 335-9481 View (303) 335-9481
Photo of Zachary Rothwell in Denver, CO
Zachary Rothwell
PMHNP
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80209
I work with adults struggling with relationship issues, addiction, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Many of my clients have become very successful despite difficult childhoods and are curious how therapy can help to reduce their suffering, heal from past traumas, and learn healthier ways of attachment. I use elements of EMDR therapy in my approach. I am kink allied and sex positive. I invite you to come as you are. I will respect, support, and encourage you during our time in therapy.
I work with adults struggling with relationship issues, addiction, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Many of my clients have become very successful despite difficult childhoods and are curious how therapy can help to reduce their suffering, heal from past traumas, and learn healthier ways of attachment. I use elements of EMDR therapy in my approach. I am kink allied and sex positive. I invite you to come as you are. I will respect, support, and encourage you during our time in therapy.
(720) 706-7041 View (720) 706-7041
Photo of Ben DeVoss, Licensed Professional Counselor in Denver, CO
Ben DeVoss
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80218
Let’s face it, life is difficult. While many people eventually find ways to manage their problems one way or another, working with an experienced and trained professional will likely get you the best results in a much shorter amount of time. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor in Denver, CO with over 20 years of experience helping pre-teens, adolescents, adults, couples, and families in a variety of settings, such as private practice, community mental health, and public & private schools. I focus on clients' strengths and past successes to help them build upon and develop new and effective solutions for how they operate in life.
Let’s face it, life is difficult. While many people eventually find ways to manage their problems one way or another, working with an experienced and trained professional will likely get you the best results in a much shorter amount of time. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor in Denver, CO with over 20 years of experience helping pre-teens, adolescents, adults, couples, and families in a variety of settings, such as private practice, community mental health, and public & private schools. I focus on clients' strengths and past successes to help them build upon and develop new and effective solutions for how they operate in life.
(720) 664-8484 View (720) 664-8484
Photo of Myles Nelson, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate in Denver, CO
Myles Nelson
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MA, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80211  (Online Only)
It's important to me that you feel welcome in a nurturing and nonjudgmental environment where you can freely explore your inner self. I want you to feel safe practicing radical vulnerability so that we can dive deep into what makes you, you. As your counselor, I wholeheartedly embrace your unique insights, thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Guiding you through your journey of self-discovery and healing is my primary responsibility.
It's important to me that you feel welcome in a nurturing and nonjudgmental environment where you can freely explore your inner self. I want you to feel safe practicing radical vulnerability so that we can dive deep into what makes you, you. As your counselor, I wholeheartedly embrace your unique insights, thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Guiding you through your journey of self-discovery and healing is my primary responsibility.
(833) 322-1581 View (833) 322-1581

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Denver, CO

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Denver, CO who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
68% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
63% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Denver, CO see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Denver?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.