Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Caroline Green, Counselor in Boston, MA
Caroline Green
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life can feel difficult to navigate at times, most certainly when you are feeling stressed, anxious, overwhelmed with school or a career change, or having difficulty maintaining relationships. Maybe you’re feeling like a second priority in your life. I know how challenging it can be to get through those days. Sometimes it feels impossible to handle life’s stressors and achieve that feeling of empowerment. Together, we can learn how to navigate the challenges life brings us.
Life can feel difficult to navigate at times, most certainly when you are feeling stressed, anxious, overwhelmed with school or a career change, or having difficulty maintaining relationships. Maybe you’re feeling like a second priority in your life. I know how challenging it can be to get through those days. Sometimes it feels impossible to handle life’s stressors and achieve that feeling of empowerment. Together, we can learn how to navigate the challenges life brings us.
(781) 798-1819 View (781) 798-1819
Photo of Kathy Walsh Samp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Kathy Walsh Samp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I believe psychotherapy is about self-discovery, change and empowerment. If you feel stressed or unhappy, psychotherapy can help. My goal is to create an emotionally safe place, so that together, we can find the right answers. I appreciate that life can be complicated and that solutions are unique to the person. I am warm and nonjudgmental and my approach is client-centered and collaborative. My clients see me as knowledgeable and supportive. I listen carefully with an open mind. I would feel privileged to be part of your journey of growth and healing.
I believe psychotherapy is about self-discovery, change and empowerment. If you feel stressed or unhappy, psychotherapy can help. My goal is to create an emotionally safe place, so that together, we can find the right answers. I appreciate that life can be complicated and that solutions are unique to the person. I am warm and nonjudgmental and my approach is client-centered and collaborative. My clients see me as knowledgeable and supportive. I listen carefully with an open mind. I would feel privileged to be part of your journey of growth and healing.
(508) 503-1233 View (508) 503-1233
Photo of Tricia Coffey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Tricia Coffey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02215  (Online Only)
Balance in life can only be achieved when we start taking care of both our mental and physical health. I take an integrative approach to address clients' cognitive, emotional and physical needs. Whether that is challenging your anxious/negative thoughts, addressing your chronic pain, changing disruptive relationship patterns, avoiding work burnout or taking steps towards better nutrition and physical routines, we will address the whole you each session. I have worked in the therapy field for eleven years and have experience treating a variety of conditions including; anxiety, depression, life- transitions and trauma responses.
Balance in life can only be achieved when we start taking care of both our mental and physical health. I take an integrative approach to address clients' cognitive, emotional and physical needs. Whether that is challenging your anxious/negative thoughts, addressing your chronic pain, changing disruptive relationship patterns, avoiding work burnout or taking steps towards better nutrition and physical routines, we will address the whole you each session. I have worked in the therapy field for eleven years and have experience treating a variety of conditions including; anxiety, depression, life- transitions and trauma responses.
(857) 214-5422 View (857) 214-5422
Photo of Anastaxia Kirkpatrick, Counselor in Boston, MA
Anastaxia Kirkpatrick
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Anastaxia and I am a licensed mental health counselor (LMHC) in the state of Massachusetts. I have my BA in psychology and MA in forensic mental health counseling. I have worked with several mental health organizations including emergency services, inpatient psychiatric hospital, and treatment based prison. I have worked with a variety of individuals experiencing acute mental health episodes, addiction, anxiety, depression, etc.
Hello! My name is Anastaxia and I am a licensed mental health counselor (LMHC) in the state of Massachusetts. I have my BA in psychology and MA in forensic mental health counseling. I have worked with several mental health organizations including emergency services, inpatient psychiatric hospital, and treatment based prison. I have worked with a variety of individuals experiencing acute mental health episodes, addiction, anxiety, depression, etc.
(617) 915-4479 View (617) 915-4479
Photo of Azimuth Psychological, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Azimuth Psychological
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
Our psychologists provide therapy and testing to help you improve your performance at work and your life outside of the office. Azimuth focuses on the unique challenges of those in high-pressure careers, including consulting, finance, technology, healthcare, law, and academia. The intensity of these jobs often leads to issues with relationships, anxiety about performance, stress, exhaustion, and burnout. We use scientifically-validated techniques to help you understand the reasons behind your roadblocks, and work with you to develop the skills and techniques you need to overcome them.
Our psychologists provide therapy and testing to help you improve your performance at work and your life outside of the office. Azimuth focuses on the unique challenges of those in high-pressure careers, including consulting, finance, technology, healthcare, law, and academia. The intensity of these jobs often leads to issues with relationships, anxiety about performance, stress, exhaustion, and burnout. We use scientifically-validated techniques to help you understand the reasons behind your roadblocks, and work with you to develop the skills and techniques you need to overcome them.
(617) 936-7028 View (617) 936-7028
Photo of Laura Adamic, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Laura Adamic
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
I am a licensed psychologist specialized in providing individual psychotherapy to adults. I work compassionately with my clients to create personal growth, including: Developing insight about one's characteristic ways of dealing with stress, engaging in relationships, or maintaining motivation * * Creating healthy responses to stress at work or in family life * * Navigating transitions like divorce, loss, pregnancy, job change, relocation * * Recognizing and managing anxiety and depression * * Unpacking complex family dynamics and histories * * Clarifying personal values and aligning goals accordingly.
I am a licensed psychologist specialized in providing individual psychotherapy to adults. I work compassionately with my clients to create personal growth, including: Developing insight about one's characteristic ways of dealing with stress, engaging in relationships, or maintaining motivation * * Creating healthy responses to stress at work or in family life * * Navigating transitions like divorce, loss, pregnancy, job change, relocation * * Recognizing and managing anxiety and depression * * Unpacking complex family dynamics and histories * * Clarifying personal values and aligning goals accordingly.
(617) 580-3138 View (617) 580-3138
Photo of Marc Schwendemann, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Marc Schwendemann
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02127  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy is a joint effort to improve self-understanding, change unwanted patterns of behavior, and develop a greater sense of purpose in life. Through an exploration of your development, themes, relationships, and personality we will try to make sense of what may be getting in the way. Most important, we will attempt to identify how the very concerns that brought you to therapy emerge in the context of our relationship so that we might be able to understand them and re-work them together.
Psychotherapy is a joint effort to improve self-understanding, change unwanted patterns of behavior, and develop a greater sense of purpose in life. Through an exploration of your development, themes, relationships, and personality we will try to make sense of what may be getting in the way. Most important, we will attempt to identify how the very concerns that brought you to therapy emerge in the context of our relationship so that we might be able to understand them and re-work them together.
(617) 915-4035 View (617) 915-4035
Photo of Manny Feliz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Manny Feliz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
He is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in the state of Massachusetts. Manny is bilingual and is fluent in Spanish. He received his Master's of Social Work from Springfield College in 2019 as well as a post Master's certification in Adolescent Trauma from Simmons University. Manny's experience as a therapist has allowed him to gain insight into different systems including schools, courts, outpatient and inpatient facilities. Manny has provided individual therapeutic services to children, adults and the elderly. Manny also has significant experience conducting psychiatric emergency mental health evaluations.
He is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in the state of Massachusetts. Manny is bilingual and is fluent in Spanish. He received his Master's of Social Work from Springfield College in 2019 as well as a post Master's certification in Adolescent Trauma from Simmons University. Manny's experience as a therapist has allowed him to gain insight into different systems including schools, courts, outpatient and inpatient facilities. Manny has provided individual therapeutic services to children, adults and the elderly. Manny also has significant experience conducting psychiatric emergency mental health evaluations.
(617) 405-8111 View (617) 405-8111
Photo of Elizabeth Magnavita, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Elizabeth Magnavita
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02125
Welcome! Asking for help is never easy, but it is a huge step! Having someone to support you in your journey can have a powerful impact in your life. I am passionate about helping you make positive changes, navigate life's difficulties, and identify and work towards your goals. My approach focuses on integrative healing, emphasizing balanced self-care, engaging in the arts, nutrition, and exercise and movement. I will bring compassion, creativity, sensitivity, humor, warmth, accountability, and insight to our work together.
Welcome! Asking for help is never easy, but it is a huge step! Having someone to support you in your journey can have a powerful impact in your life. I am passionate about helping you make positive changes, navigate life's difficulties, and identify and work towards your goals. My approach focuses on integrative healing, emphasizing balanced self-care, engaging in the arts, nutrition, and exercise and movement. I will bring compassion, creativity, sensitivity, humor, warmth, accountability, and insight to our work together.
(857) 597-2473 View (857) 597-2473
Photo of Wicked Smart Counseling, Counselor in Boston, MA
Wicked Smart Counseling
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Maybe you’re experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, compulsive behaviors, or something else entirely. Things friends and family aren’t equipped to help you deal with. I can help. I’m Doug Maesk, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, and I was born and raised in New England, and lived there for 30 years. So I get you. I understand your experience. I know what it's like. As the old saying goes, “you can take the boy out of New England but you can't take New England out of the boy.”
Maybe you’re experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, compulsive behaviors, or something else entirely. Things friends and family aren’t equipped to help you deal with. I can help. I’m Doug Maesk, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, and I was born and raised in New England, and lived there for 30 years. So I get you. I understand your experience. I know what it's like. As the old saying goes, “you can take the boy out of New England but you can't take New England out of the boy.”
(617) 829-9928 View (617) 829-9928
Photo of Andrea Herber/ The Inside Compass, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Andrea Herber/ The Inside Compass
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
As a South African immigrant I love working with other's who question identity and meaning in life. My main goal is to empower you, finding your strengths, reducing negative thought cycles (anxiety, depression) and teaching you to untie your emotional knots and to live authentically with meaning. You will leave having better relationships with yourself, and others. Believe it or not we will do a lot of laughing while we work. Experience: creativity, work/life balance, sexuality, anxiety, leadership, couples therapy,premarital/dating, stress reduction. I have trained in diverse settings (including fellowship at Boston University's Danielsen Institute).
As a South African immigrant I love working with other's who question identity and meaning in life. My main goal is to empower you, finding your strengths, reducing negative thought cycles (anxiety, depression) and teaching you to untie your emotional knots and to live authentically with meaning. You will leave having better relationships with yourself, and others. Believe it or not we will do a lot of laughing while we work. Experience: creativity, work/life balance, sexuality, anxiety, leadership, couples therapy,premarital/dating, stress reduction. I have trained in diverse settings (including fellowship at Boston University's Danielsen Institute).
(617) 948-2610 View (617) 948-2610
Photo of Ashley M Weaver-Unadkat, Counselor in Boston, MA
Ashley M Weaver-Unadkat
Counselor, LCAT, LMHC, BC-DMT, CMA
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
The therapy session is a time and space one sets aside to focus on self. To be with self. And to build one’s self. It can be challenging to reflect on patterns, thoughts and emotions, relationships, past events and/or change, but it can also be transformative and rewarding. My role as your therapist is to witness your process and to reflect back with you along the way. The therapeutic relationship is an essential piece of my practice and is built on honesty, trust, empathy, and compassion.
The therapy session is a time and space one sets aside to focus on self. To be with self. And to build one’s self. It can be challenging to reflect on patterns, thoughts and emotions, relationships, past events and/or change, but it can also be transformative and rewarding. My role as your therapist is to witness your process and to reflect back with you along the way. The therapeutic relationship is an essential piece of my practice and is built on honesty, trust, empathy, and compassion.
(617) 535-8684 View (617) 535-8684
Photo of Sinead McLaughlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Sinead McLaughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. For over 23 years I have had the honor of working with individuals from diverse backgrounds on issues that are impacting their lives. I approach treatment through a collaborative framework, recognizing that you are the expert of your life experience, and that my role is to accompany you through insightful exploration to help increase self awareness, reach your goals, and bring about lasting change. While I take my work seriously, I believe that incorporating humor and being authentic is integral to building a strong and trusting therapeutic relationship.
Hello and welcome. For over 23 years I have had the honor of working with individuals from diverse backgrounds on issues that are impacting their lives. I approach treatment through a collaborative framework, recognizing that you are the expert of your life experience, and that my role is to accompany you through insightful exploration to help increase self awareness, reach your goals, and bring about lasting change. While I take my work seriously, I believe that incorporating humor and being authentic is integral to building a strong and trusting therapeutic relationship.
(781) 559-7149 View (781) 559-7149
Photo of Amanda Sipiczky, Pre-Licensed Professional in Boston, MA
Amanda Sipiczky
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02109
My name is Amanda, I am a Master's level therapist that has been in the field for 5 years. I have experience in addictions counseling, worked as a domestic violence advocate, and now as a therapist. I have a background working with anxiety, depression, trauma, and mood disorders.
My name is Amanda, I am a Master's level therapist that has been in the field for 5 years. I have experience in addictions counseling, worked as a domestic violence advocate, and now as a therapist. I have a background working with anxiety, depression, trauma, and mood disorders.
(857) 675-4645 View (857) 675-4645
Photo of Angelica Griegel in Boston, MA
Angelica Griegel
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02215  (Online Only)
Are you feeling trapped in a toxic relationship, struggling to find a way out of the emotional turmoil it brings? You're not alone. I'm here to offer you the support and guidance you need to break free and reclaim your happiness. With a deep understanding of toxic relationships, I specialize in helping individuals navigate through the complexities of toxic dynamics within marriages, with a co-parent, neighbors, bosses, or family members. What sets me apart is not just my professional expertise, but my personal journey through healing from toxic relationships.
Are you feeling trapped in a toxic relationship, struggling to find a way out of the emotional turmoil it brings? You're not alone. I'm here to offer you the support and guidance you need to break free and reclaim your happiness. With a deep understanding of toxic relationships, I specialize in helping individuals navigate through the complexities of toxic dynamics within marriages, with a co-parent, neighbors, bosses, or family members. What sets me apart is not just my professional expertise, but my personal journey through healing from toxic relationships.
(508) 658-9062 View (508) 658-9062
Photo of Hadar Lutman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Hadar Lutman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
“The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination."- Carl Rogers. With the ever-changing circumstances of life, despite our best efforts to maintain balance, we can find ourselves stuck, and overwhelmed.
“The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination."- Carl Rogers. With the ever-changing circumstances of life, despite our best efforts to maintain balance, we can find ourselves stuck, and overwhelmed.
(978) 288-1926 View (978) 288-1926
Photo of Lauren Texter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Lauren Texter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02104
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) practicing in Boston, MA. I primarily provide individual therapy to college and graduate students, young mental health professionals, and adults in life transitions. Transitioning from student to working professional, entering into a new stage of life, or making changes in adulthood can be both rewarding and scary. I see my role as a place to process life stress, navigate transitions, hold many emotions together, and reinforce your strengths.
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) practicing in Boston, MA. I primarily provide individual therapy to college and graduate students, young mental health professionals, and adults in life transitions. Transitioning from student to working professional, entering into a new stage of life, or making changes in adulthood can be both rewarding and scary. I see my role as a place to process life stress, navigate transitions, hold many emotions together, and reinforce your strengths.
(857) 754-3385 View (857) 754-3385
Photo of Nicole Franusiak, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Nicole Franusiak
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
Are you finding yourself stuck in patterns of behavior and unhelpful thoughts that you’re unsure how to change? Perhaps you are unsure of who to turn to or where you can go to feel seen and heard. In this challenging world, we can often find ourselves stuck and in need of some assistance. I am a licensed psychologist who works with young adults experiencing a wide range of these challenges, including anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, and life transitions.
Are you finding yourself stuck in patterns of behavior and unhelpful thoughts that you’re unsure how to change? Perhaps you are unsure of who to turn to or where you can go to feel seen and heard. In this challenging world, we can often find ourselves stuck and in need of some assistance. I am a licensed psychologist who works with young adults experiencing a wide range of these challenges, including anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, and life transitions.
(857) 847-4165 View (857) 847-4165
Photo of New Lunar Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
New Lunar Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02136  (Online Only)
Openings soon! Scheduling consults now! My mission is to cultivate an environment that nurtures your personal growth and success. If you're grappling with feelings of depression and uncertainty, struggling with anxiety, self-confidence issues, or the pervasive influence of fear on your choices, I'm here to guide you. Perhaps you're seeking improvements in your relationships, friendships, or career, but find it challenging to take that initial step. I'm here to support your journey. Whether you're yearning for a new and improved version of yourself or just need a little guidance, I'm here to assist you every step of the way.
Openings soon! Scheduling consults now! My mission is to cultivate an environment that nurtures your personal growth and success. If you're grappling with feelings of depression and uncertainty, struggling with anxiety, self-confidence issues, or the pervasive influence of fear on your choices, I'm here to guide you. Perhaps you're seeking improvements in your relationships, friendships, or career, but find it challenging to take that initial step. I'm here to support your journey. Whether you're yearning for a new and improved version of yourself or just need a little guidance, I'm here to assist you every step of the way.
View
Photo of Morrigan Phillips, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Morrigan Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am committed to helping my clients work through their challenges, worries and anxieties towards being able to navigate emotions, relationships, communication and life changes skillfully and with self compassion. I believe that each of us is the storyteller of our lives. You have authorship of the narrative of life events, defining your relationship to those things that have happened to you. My practice values the individual experiences of each person living in a complex world that places a person sometimes within systems they have little influence over but which have a great deal of influence over the person. ​
I am committed to helping my clients work through their challenges, worries and anxieties towards being able to navigate emotions, relationships, communication and life changes skillfully and with self compassion. I believe that each of us is the storyteller of our lives. You have authorship of the narrative of life events, defining your relationship to those things that have happened to you. My practice values the individual experiences of each person living in a complex world that places a person sometimes within systems they have little influence over but which have a great deal of influence over the person. ​
(857) 375-8991 View (857) 375-8991

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$159

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
58% Aetna

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.