Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

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Photo of Robert John Miller, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Saint Paul, MN
Robert John Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LAMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55108
Welcome. I believe we all have the power within us to get to the healing, healthy growth, and development we need. My particular clinical approach is based in humanistic, relational, and family systems theory, and is focused more on human potential than it is on human pathology. Prior to graduate school, I studied widely in philosophy, theology, art, literature, life sciences, and athletic performance, all of which inform my view of human nature, and human existence. What in your life would you like to be better? In our work together, I utilize the collective wisdom of the healing and growth of others to bear on the present moment.
Welcome. I believe we all have the power within us to get to the healing, healthy growth, and development we need. My particular clinical approach is based in humanistic, relational, and family systems theory, and is focused more on human potential than it is on human pathology. Prior to graduate school, I studied widely in philosophy, theology, art, literature, life sciences, and athletic performance, all of which inform my view of human nature, and human existence. What in your life would you like to be better? In our work together, I utilize the collective wisdom of the healing and growth of others to bear on the present moment.
(763) 247-4453 View (763) 247-4453
Photo of Alexander Neverton, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Alexander Neverton
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55107  (Online Only)
Stuck in old patterns? Looking for a change? I've helped many overcome obstacles by building motivation, distress tolerance, mindfulness and values-based action. My 12 years experience integrates therapies like ACT, DBT and Adlerian approaches to help you create sustainable change.
Stuck in old patterns? Looking for a change? I've helped many overcome obstacles by building motivation, distress tolerance, mindfulness and values-based action. My 12 years experience integrates therapies like ACT, DBT and Adlerian approaches to help you create sustainable change.
(952) 295-4251 View (952) 295-4251
Photo of Brian C. Post, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Brian C. Post
Psychologist, PhD, LP, CGP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
On the outside you look like you've got it together, but inside you're struggling. Perhaps you are self-critical, disconnected from others, or stuck in a job that is not the right fit. Or maybe you are enduring a painful dynamic in your relationship with your romantic partner, parent, child, friend, or co-worker. If any of these resonate, self-exploration can help you discover the root cause of your shame, loneliness, disconnection, existential angst, and stagnation. With help, you can cultivate a kinder relationship with yourself, deeper connections with others, and a more meaningful life at work and beyond.
On the outside you look like you've got it together, but inside you're struggling. Perhaps you are self-critical, disconnected from others, or stuck in a job that is not the right fit. Or maybe you are enduring a painful dynamic in your relationship with your romantic partner, parent, child, friend, or co-worker. If any of these resonate, self-exploration can help you discover the root cause of your shame, loneliness, disconnection, existential angst, and stagnation. With help, you can cultivate a kinder relationship with yourself, deeper connections with others, and a more meaningful life at work and beyond.
(651) 538-1960 View (651) 538-1960
Photo of The Multicultural Owl LLC, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
The Multicultural Owl LLC
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114  (Online Only)
Do you often feel like you are not good enough even though you have a track record of overachieving? Is it difficult to see yourself for who you really are because you are self-critical and too focused on your perceived flaws? Have you learned to be hard on yourself as a way to survive and could benefit from kinder ways to motivate yourself? Are you feeling stressed, exhausted, and overwhelmed from trying to be all things to everyone and often neglecting yourself? Are you tired of having to live up to the unrealistic expectations of others? Together we can help you experience a more sustainable, balanced, and authentic life.
Do you often feel like you are not good enough even though you have a track record of overachieving? Is it difficult to see yourself for who you really are because you are self-critical and too focused on your perceived flaws? Have you learned to be hard on yourself as a way to survive and could benefit from kinder ways to motivate yourself? Are you feeling stressed, exhausted, and overwhelmed from trying to be all things to everyone and often neglecting yourself? Are you tired of having to live up to the unrealistic expectations of others? Together we can help you experience a more sustainable, balanced, and authentic life.
(651) 565-6791 View (651) 565-6791
Photo of Oliver Ross, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Oliver Ross
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104
Waitlist for new clients
Despite the fact that therapy often requires facing some painful realities, for many of the people I work with therapy is a lot of fun. I bring my compassion, training, experience, and dedication to therapy, and in exchange I ask that you take chances: trying something different even if it makes you feel uncomfortable, being vulnerable even if it hasn't always worked for you in the past, and being honest even when it might be a difficult truth to face. (See website for more info stptherapy.org or DrOliverRoss.com)
Despite the fact that therapy often requires facing some painful realities, for many of the people I work with therapy is a lot of fun. I bring my compassion, training, experience, and dedication to therapy, and in exchange I ask that you take chances: trying something different even if it makes you feel uncomfortable, being vulnerable even if it hasn't always worked for you in the past, and being honest even when it might be a difficult truth to face. (See website for more info stptherapy.org or DrOliverRoss.com)
(612) 361-3867 View (612) 361-3867
Photo of Vanessa Rempel, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Vanessa Rempel
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55105
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be challenging. Sometimes these challenges come from outside of us (hurts others have caused us through their actions) and other times our challenges come from within (frustrating behavior patterns we just can't seem to shake, patterns of thinking about ourselves and the world around us that cause us needless suffering). When these challenges become too great and leave us feeling afraid, angry, confused or overwhelmed, therapy can be helpful. In my work with clients I strive to instill hope, foster resiliency, and nurture a sense of empowerment and personal agency.
Life can be challenging. Sometimes these challenges come from outside of us (hurts others have caused us through their actions) and other times our challenges come from within (frustrating behavior patterns we just can't seem to shake, patterns of thinking about ourselves and the world around us that cause us needless suffering). When these challenges become too great and leave us feeling afraid, angry, confused or overwhelmed, therapy can be helpful. In my work with clients I strive to instill hope, foster resiliency, and nurture a sense of empowerment and personal agency.
(651) 504-6062 View (651) 504-6062
Photo of Alissa Peanasky in Saint Paul, MN
Alissa Peanasky
MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55130
Waitlist for new clients
I received my masters in social work from the University of St. Thomas and have spent my career working with youth and adolescent clients. Using an individualized approach, I work with clients with a variety of developmental disabilities and severe and persistent mental illnesses. This includes Autism Spectrum Disorder, mood disorders, and impulse control disorders.
I received my masters in social work from the University of St. Thomas and have spent my career working with youth and adolescent clients. Using an individualized approach, I work with clients with a variety of developmental disabilities and severe and persistent mental illnesses. This includes Autism Spectrum Disorder, mood disorders, and impulse control disorders.
(651) 412-2833 View (651) 412-2833
Photo of Holly Robinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Holly Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102  (Online Only)
I believe in an empathic approach to therapy. It is important to me to meet clients where they are at, using a strengths-based and nonjudgmental approach. I draw from a variety of therapy modalities, including cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, motivational interviewing, illness management and recovery and dialectical behavioral therapy. Additionally, I am trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) for the treatment of trauma and PTSD. I believe in providing a safe and welcoming environment that allows individuals to effectively manage their lives and reach their highest potential.
I believe in an empathic approach to therapy. It is important to me to meet clients where they are at, using a strengths-based and nonjudgmental approach. I draw from a variety of therapy modalities, including cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, motivational interviewing, illness management and recovery and dialectical behavioral therapy. Additionally, I am trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) for the treatment of trauma and PTSD. I believe in providing a safe and welcoming environment that allows individuals to effectively manage their lives and reach their highest potential.
(651) 371-6141 View (651) 371-6141
Photo of Collegiate Mental Wellness, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Collegiate Mental Wellness
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Collegiate Mental Wellness is a supportive, positive clinic, now welcoming new clients ages 11-25 facing stress, transitions, relationship/friendship issues, academic pressure, and mental health concerns. Customized individual therapy, family therapy, diagnostic visits, ADHD assessments and mental health medication. We offer in person appointments in St. Paul at the corner of Cleveland Avenue South and Ford Parkway in the Highland Park area. Teletetherapy is also available in all PsyPact States and in Minnesota. In Network with Optum, Medica, United Health Care, Blue Cross MN and Health Partners.
Collegiate Mental Wellness is a supportive, positive clinic, now welcoming new clients ages 11-25 facing stress, transitions, relationship/friendship issues, academic pressure, and mental health concerns. Customized individual therapy, family therapy, diagnostic visits, ADHD assessments and mental health medication. We offer in person appointments in St. Paul at the corner of Cleveland Avenue South and Ford Parkway in the Highland Park area. Teletetherapy is also available in all PsyPact States and in Minnesota. In Network with Optum, Medica, United Health Care, Blue Cross MN and Health Partners.
(612) 482-9407 View (612) 482-9407
Photo of Shauna K Zotalis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Shauna K Zotalis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
You are considering divorce and fear how it will affect your children. Or you're divorced and met someone and want to blend your families, but are worried about the difficulties that blending brings. These family transitions are full of significant challenges such as grief over the breakup of the family, confusion over stepparent roles and responsibilities, hostile co-parenting relationships, jealousy of ex-spouses or stepchildren, and more. You want happy and healthy relationships with partners, exes, children, and stepchildren. You hope for a sense of "we-ness" as a new family unit and crave peace and balance in the future.
You are considering divorce and fear how it will affect your children. Or you're divorced and met someone and want to blend your families, but are worried about the difficulties that blending brings. These family transitions are full of significant challenges such as grief over the breakup of the family, confusion over stepparent roles and responsibilities, hostile co-parenting relationships, jealousy of ex-spouses or stepchildren, and more. You want happy and healthy relationships with partners, exes, children, and stepchildren. You hope for a sense of "we-ness" as a new family unit and crave peace and balance in the future.
(612) 662-6080 View (612) 662-6080
Photo of Joshua Powell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Joshua Powell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
I know it can be hard to reach out for help, especially when you're reaching out to a stranger. I really hope that you take this important step. You deserve to feel better. I promise to listen to what's bothering you, what's important to you, and to help you be the best you. I'm not here to judge or make you into someone you don't want to be.
I know it can be hard to reach out for help, especially when you're reaching out to a stranger. I really hope that you take this important step. You deserve to feel better. I promise to listen to what's bothering you, what's important to you, and to help you be the best you. I'm not here to judge or make you into someone you don't want to be.
(651) 410-1732 View (651) 410-1732
Photo of Davis Maxwell Shryer, Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Davis Maxwell Shryer
Counselor, MA, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55101
Thank you for taking the time to read this. I believe in the dignity of all people. Every client has a story that needs to be told in a safe environment. The typical client I see experiences issues with addiction, depression or chronic pain. Every problem has a solution and it is my job to help you find the answer, both immediate and long-term. My goal is to help you live a safer, happier and more healthy life. I promise our time together will be respectful and productive.
Thank you for taking the time to read this. I believe in the dignity of all people. Every client has a story that needs to be told in a safe environment. The typical client I see experiences issues with addiction, depression or chronic pain. Every problem has a solution and it is my job to help you find the answer, both immediate and long-term. My goal is to help you live a safer, happier and more healthy life. I promise our time together will be respectful and productive.
(651) 504-8633 View (651) 504-8633
Photo of Lyndelle Pratt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Lyndelle Pratt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
There have been so many things outside of our control with the societal injustices, pandemic and traumatic events that create feelings of being anxious or losing hope. I want to help your relationship with yourself and others be more informed and reflective on what to do next. I want to offer you knowledge and expertise I have gained through experience and focus on helping others who have had similar experiences. I am here ready to listen and take this pathway by your side to find out what works for you.
There have been so many things outside of our control with the societal injustices, pandemic and traumatic events that create feelings of being anxious or losing hope. I want to help your relationship with yourself and others be more informed and reflective on what to do next. I want to offer you knowledge and expertise I have gained through experience and focus on helping others who have had similar experiences. I am here ready to listen and take this pathway by your side to find out what works for you.
(612) 712-8442 View (612) 712-8442
Photo of Ngon Ndifongwa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Ngon Ndifongwa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55119
I'm passionate about supporting individuals who are going through a life changing experience. We will work together to uncover the anxiety or depression that you may struggling with. I help my clients achieve their goals and provide a safe and non-judgmental space for them to explore their thoughts and feelings. I believe you can overcome any obstacle.
I'm passionate about supporting individuals who are going through a life changing experience. We will work together to uncover the anxiety or depression that you may struggling with. I help my clients achieve their goals and provide a safe and non-judgmental space for them to explore their thoughts and feelings. I believe you can overcome any obstacle.
(651) 615-8126 View (651) 615-8126
Photo of Kyle Vlach, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Kyle Vlach
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, LMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116  (Online Only)
I’m an Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapist, Level 3 trained with the IFS Institute. Most of my clients are not having a mental health crisis, but are struggling more than they’d like and want to be more at ease within themselves and their relationships. I work with alot of other helping professionals and people wanting to use the IFS process for healing, satisfaction at home and work, and for personal growth. Familiarity with the IFS model can help, but isn’t necessary. I’m glad to talk to see if we could work well together.
I’m an Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapist, Level 3 trained with the IFS Institute. Most of my clients are not having a mental health crisis, but are struggling more than they’d like and want to be more at ease within themselves and their relationships. I work with alot of other helping professionals and people wanting to use the IFS process for healing, satisfaction at home and work, and for personal growth. Familiarity with the IFS model can help, but isn’t necessary. I’m glad to talk to see if we could work well together.
(651) 615-3533 View (651) 615-3533
Photo of Erin O'Gara, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Paul, MN
Erin O'Gara
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55102
Not accepting new clients
I believe strongly in person centered care, meaning your goals for healing and growth will be placed at the core of our work together. You are the expert in your life and I am honored to walk your journey and co-create therapy sessions with you! I operate from a strength based perspective and trauma informed lens, and work to create a welcoming and calming environment for all clients. I believe the relationship between the client and therapist is essential to growth and healing and I will bring kindness, understanding, and humor to our work together. I enjoy working with adolescents, adults, aging adults, and couples.
I believe strongly in person centered care, meaning your goals for healing and growth will be placed at the core of our work together. You are the expert in your life and I am honored to walk your journey and co-create therapy sessions with you! I operate from a strength based perspective and trauma informed lens, and work to create a welcoming and calming environment for all clients. I believe the relationship between the client and therapist is essential to growth and healing and I will bring kindness, understanding, and humor to our work together. I enjoy working with adolescents, adults, aging adults, and couples.
(651) 240-2137 View (651) 240-2137
Photo of Ives Wittman in Saint Paul, MN
Ives Wittman
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Growing up can be a hard won struggle. Learning to run your own life requires commitment and discipline. Create authentic relationships and satisfying work, expand a sense of inner guidance, and sharpen your purpose. I work with both men and women, however, my work with men has been especially gratifying. My experiences have shown they are capable, driven, compassionate and focused. They care deeply about their relationships and work and desire self-improvement and expertise in their lives.
Growing up can be a hard won struggle. Learning to run your own life requires commitment and discipline. Create authentic relationships and satisfying work, expand a sense of inner guidance, and sharpen your purpose. I work with both men and women, however, my work with men has been especially gratifying. My experiences have shown they are capable, driven, compassionate and focused. They care deeply about their relationships and work and desire self-improvement and expertise in their lives.
(612) 712-3927 View (612) 712-3927
Photo of Nikki Malecek, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Paul, MN
Nikki Malecek
Licensed Professional Counselor, MPS, LPCC, LADC
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55104  (Online Only)
Nikki is a compassionate and dedicated licensed professional clinical counselor and a licensed drug and alcohol counselor. Her areas of expertise include working with individuals experiencing co-occurring disorders and anxiety, depression, and PTSD. With over 5 years of experience in the field, Nikki is committed to providing evidence-based and individualized care to help clients overcome challenges and achieve their therapeutic goals.
Nikki is a compassionate and dedicated licensed professional clinical counselor and a licensed drug and alcohol counselor. Her areas of expertise include working with individuals experiencing co-occurring disorders and anxiety, depression, and PTSD. With over 5 years of experience in the field, Nikki is committed to providing evidence-based and individualized care to help clients overcome challenges and achieve their therapeutic goals.
(651) 240-2450 View (651) 240-2450
Photo of Anshan Moore Eckard, Psychologist in Saint Paul, MN
Anshan Moore Eckard
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Not accepting new clients
I believe that we all have strengths that enable us to be our best selves. Therapy can be helpful when we have lost a sense of who we are, what we want, or how to get the life we want to have. I use the individual's strengths as a base for which new skills can be built upon. I focus on gaining insight into what is working and what is not, and work collaboratively to come up with solutions and new ideas. I believe that a connection with a compassionate and supportive therapist is vital.
I believe that we all have strengths that enable us to be our best selves. Therapy can be helpful when we have lost a sense of who we are, what we want, or how to get the life we want to have. I use the individual's strengths as a base for which new skills can be built upon. I focus on gaining insight into what is working and what is not, and work collaboratively to come up with solutions and new ideas. I believe that a connection with a compassionate and supportive therapist is vital.
(612) 260-7018 View (612) 260-7018
Photo of Rebecca Blackwell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Paul, MN
Rebecca Blackwell
Pre-Licensed Professional, MPS, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Paul, MN 55114
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome - I am so glad you're here. Sometimes the reason for seeking therapy is clear: there has been a life transition, loss, or recent trauma. Perhaps you've been feeling stuck for a while, unable to escape from ingrained patterns of perfectionism, people-pleasing, or substance use. Like many in this changing world, you may feel overwhelmed by the realities of climate change, economic stress, or global unrest. Wherever you are, there is hope for lasting, meaningful change. My goal is to provide warm, nonjudgmental support as we “get under the hood” and address the issues that are holding you back. Let's dive deep together.
Welcome - I am so glad you're here. Sometimes the reason for seeking therapy is clear: there has been a life transition, loss, or recent trauma. Perhaps you've been feeling stuck for a while, unable to escape from ingrained patterns of perfectionism, people-pleasing, or substance use. Like many in this changing world, you may feel overwhelmed by the realities of climate change, economic stress, or global unrest. Wherever you are, there is hope for lasting, meaningful change. My goal is to provide warm, nonjudgmental support as we “get under the hood” and address the issues that are holding you back. Let's dive deep together.
(651) 615-9006 View (651) 615-9006

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Paul, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$170

Therapists in Saint Paul, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% UCare
68% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in Saint Paul, MN see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Paul?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.