Therapists in Rancho Cucamonga, CA

Photo of Jessica Rivas, Pre-Licensed Professional in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Jessica Rivas
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS, MS, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Hello and Welcome. Our agency offers affordable, low-cost, telehealth/online therapy exclusively in California. Thank you for taking the first step toward healing. Life brings many challenges and triumphs, but we do not have to go through it alone. I believe that even when things become difficult, we can overcome anything as long as we are willing to put in the effort to work through it. My goal is to provide a safe and supportive space that will allow you the opportunity to dig deep and express yourself without judgment.
Hello and Welcome. Our agency offers affordable, low-cost, telehealth/online therapy exclusively in California. Thank you for taking the first step toward healing. Life brings many challenges and triumphs, but we do not have to go through it alone. I believe that even when things become difficult, we can overcome anything as long as we are willing to put in the effort to work through it. My goal is to provide a safe and supportive space that will allow you the opportunity to dig deep and express yourself without judgment.
(951) 944-2987 View (951) 944-2987
Photo of Silvia Caraballo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Silvia Caraballo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFTI
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
I am a compassionate and direct therapist and work with my patients to support their self-determination. Change can be hard and I support my patients to learn healthy ways to cope and make healthy choices to experience a better quality of life. I believe in treating the mind-body-soul to promote overall healing. I individualize treatment based on each persons needs.
I am a compassionate and direct therapist and work with my patients to support their self-determination. Change can be hard and I support my patients to learn healthy ways to cope and make healthy choices to experience a better quality of life. I believe in treating the mind-body-soul to promote overall healing. I individualize treatment based on each persons needs.
(855) 879-0753 View (855) 879-0753
Photo of Leslie Bandle, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Leslie Bandle
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
Hi. I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) which means I pretty much work with everybody, adults, teens, and families. I help people reduce anxiety and suffering by increasing their self-esteem. You may wonder, "what the heck is self-esteem? And how do I get it?" I know I did. Those who work with me are most often suffering from intense anxiety which they have learned to cope with using unsustainable behaviors such as oppositional behavior, eating disorders, isolation, and social avoidance. I especially work well with resolving parent-teen relations, those suffering from anxiety, and all types of eating disorders.
Hi. I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) which means I pretty much work with everybody, adults, teens, and families. I help people reduce anxiety and suffering by increasing their self-esteem. You may wonder, "what the heck is self-esteem? And how do I get it?" I know I did. Those who work with me are most often suffering from intense anxiety which they have learned to cope with using unsustainable behaviors such as oppositional behavior, eating disorders, isolation, and social avoidance. I especially work well with resolving parent-teen relations, those suffering from anxiety, and all types of eating disorders.
(909) 351-4288 View (909) 351-4288
Photo of Lighthouse Family Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Lighthouse Family Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
17 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
In therapy, I take the stance that I'm the professional but you're the expert. We'll work collaboratively in order to build skills and encourage communication that fosters rebuilding the connection in your relationships. I primarily work with Couples who are struggling to heal, manage conflict and communicate effectively. I also offer premarital counseling for couples who are ready to equip themselves with tools for prepare for their upcoming marriage.
In therapy, I take the stance that I'm the professional but you're the expert. We'll work collaboratively in order to build skills and encourage communication that fosters rebuilding the connection in your relationships. I primarily work with Couples who are struggling to heal, manage conflict and communicate effectively. I also offer premarital counseling for couples who are ready to equip themselves with tools for prepare for their upcoming marriage.
(909) 402-2878 View (909) 402-2878
Photo of Jennelle Johnson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Jennelle Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS, MAG, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Hello and Welcome! We specialize in providing affordable telehealth/online therapy. Therapy is about understanding the self that you are. Part of getting to know yourself is to let go of the limiting stories that you have told yourself about who you are and where you have come from so that you aren’t trapped by them; so that you can live your life and not live it by the story you’ve been telling yourself about your life.
Hello and Welcome! We specialize in providing affordable telehealth/online therapy. Therapy is about understanding the self that you are. Part of getting to know yourself is to let go of the limiting stories that you have told yourself about who you are and where you have come from so that you aren’t trapped by them; so that you can live your life and not live it by the story you’ve been telling yourself about your life.
(951) 401-6251 View (951) 401-6251
Photo of Stephanie A Reichenfeld, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Stephanie A Reichenfeld
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91739  (Online Only)
I am passionate about helping others and understand how challenging it can be to ask for help. I will not pass judgement on you and will offer support no matter the situation you are facing. I provide services to individuals and couples who struggle with anxious and depressive symptoms, which may include but not limited to self-injurious behaviors, anger outbursts, low self esteem, addiction, relationship issues, and difficulty adjusting to unexpected life events, etc.
I am passionate about helping others and understand how challenging it can be to ask for help. I will not pass judgement on you and will offer support no matter the situation you are facing. I provide services to individuals and couples who struggle with anxious and depressive symptoms, which may include but not limited to self-injurious behaviors, anger outbursts, low self esteem, addiction, relationship issues, and difficulty adjusting to unexpected life events, etc.
(951) 355-7050 View (951) 355-7050
Photo of Alignment Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Alignment Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
Unforseen life events can take you off course, leaving you feeling powerless. Alignment Healing Center helps you move forward realigning with your true self, so you can put the power back in your hands and live the life you envision. We offer a holistic approach to therapy, providing support and insight to help clients explore personal life challenges and embrace a journey of healing and transformation. Book a free consultation to help get your life back on track.
Unforseen life events can take you off course, leaving you feeling powerless. Alignment Healing Center helps you move forward realigning with your true self, so you can put the power back in your hands and live the life you envision. We offer a holistic approach to therapy, providing support and insight to help clients explore personal life challenges and embrace a journey of healing and transformation. Book a free consultation to help get your life back on track.
(844) 584-1087 View (844) 584-1087
Photo of Yolotli Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Yolotli Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Yolotli Counseling is a mental health practice providing telehealth treatment to 20-45 year old young professionals within the BIPOC and Latinx communities, specifically those that are first generation higher education students or graduates and children of immigrants. Specializing in treating stress and anxiety, mild to moderate depression, codependency (dependent relationship dynamics), phase of life, and professional burnout/compassion fatigue.
Yolotli Counseling is a mental health practice providing telehealth treatment to 20-45 year old young professionals within the BIPOC and Latinx communities, specifically those that are first generation higher education students or graduates and children of immigrants. Specializing in treating stress and anxiety, mild to moderate depression, codependency (dependent relationship dynamics), phase of life, and professional burnout/compassion fatigue.
(909) 413-5623 View (909) 413-5623
Photo of Kirsten Cheong, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Kirsten Cheong
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
High-achieving anxious women look put together on the outside but often suffer with worry and self-doubt on the inside. Even though you look like you have it all figured out and there's nothing obviously 'wrong' with you, you're spiraling with worried thoughts about your relationships and fear of losing people important to you. People-pleasing is so much easier than confronting others but the resentment is building up quickly. You practice ways to communicate your needs but fail to follow through because of fear. I help anxious women struggling with people-pleasing and setting healthy boundaries with less guilt, shame, and fear.
High-achieving anxious women look put together on the outside but often suffer with worry and self-doubt on the inside. Even though you look like you have it all figured out and there's nothing obviously 'wrong' with you, you're spiraling with worried thoughts about your relationships and fear of losing people important to you. People-pleasing is so much easier than confronting others but the resentment is building up quickly. You practice ways to communicate your needs but fail to follow through because of fear. I help anxious women struggling with people-pleasing and setting healthy boundaries with less guilt, shame, and fear.
(951) 338-8682 View (951) 338-8682
Photo of Abraham Nunez Tellez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Abraham Nunez Tellez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91701  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Congratulations! You did it. You took the first step to make a change and better yourself. Part of the therapeutic process and healing is acknowledging that a change needs to be made for your overall wellbeing. Now that you have made this difficult decision to find the right therapist for you, let me tell you what I can do to help you write this new chapter. I started my journey to become a therapist with humble beginnings and the idea that individuals can thrive with the help of others. With these principals, I continue to guide individuals through their journey to find emotional stability.
Congratulations! You did it. You took the first step to make a change and better yourself. Part of the therapeutic process and healing is acknowledging that a change needs to be made for your overall wellbeing. Now that you have made this difficult decision to find the right therapist for you, let me tell you what I can do to help you write this new chapter. I started my journey to become a therapist with humble beginnings and the idea that individuals can thrive with the help of others. With these principals, I continue to guide individuals through their journey to find emotional stability.
(626) 606-1557 View (626) 606-1557
ALTA Loma Psychological Associates
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
We'll view the issue from as many angles as possible, explore stategies, learn skills such as fair fighting or whatever the situation demands. Also, as a clinician, I have extensive experience with traumatic brain damage, vocational rehabilitation, anger management, teen & women's issues and couples counseling.
We'll view the issue from as many angles as possible, explore stategies, learn skills such as fair fighting or whatever the situation demands. Also, as a clinician, I have extensive experience with traumatic brain damage, vocational rehabilitation, anger management, teen & women's issues and couples counseling.
(909) 584-5937 View (909) 584-5937
Photo of Jana L Chatham, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Jana L Chatham
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Do you need wisdom, inspiration, and a strategy that can move you from feeling "stuck" to "empowered"? I specialize in trauma, marriage and parenting issues, sexual betrayal, depression and overcoming grief. Guided by the power of the Holy Spirit, and using my skills in Cognitive Behavior Therapy and EMDR, we will work together to move you towards holistic healing.
Do you need wisdom, inspiration, and a strategy that can move you from feeling "stuck" to "empowered"? I specialize in trauma, marriage and parenting issues, sexual betrayal, depression and overcoming grief. Guided by the power of the Holy Spirit, and using my skills in Cognitive Behavior Therapy and EMDR, we will work together to move you towards holistic healing.
(909) 366-5137 View (909) 366-5137
Photo of Ariel Macon-Richard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Ariel Macon-Richard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Have you found yourself feeling overwhelmed or "stuck?" Do you feel anxious or irritable often? Have you experienced a period in your life where you feel that you cannot get out of a deep hole within yourself or your relationships? There is hope for you! We all need hope and support to pull out of despair. You may feel alone and have difficulty knowing what the next step is. If you are not looking for deep introspective therapy, coaching services are also available to help you with meeting life goals & improving your overall well being. It's important to have someone to help you work through this time. You are not alone, I can help!
Have you found yourself feeling overwhelmed or "stuck?" Do you feel anxious or irritable often? Have you experienced a period in your life where you feel that you cannot get out of a deep hole within yourself or your relationships? There is hope for you! We all need hope and support to pull out of despair. You may feel alone and have difficulty knowing what the next step is. If you are not looking for deep introspective therapy, coaching services are also available to help you with meeting life goals & improving your overall well being. It's important to have someone to help you work through this time. You are not alone, I can help!
(626) 469-7191 View (626) 469-7191
Photo of Dr. Erik James Escareño, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Dr. Erik James Escareño
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Are you in your sad-girl era? Anxious? Exploring gender? Throuple trouble? Tired of therapist who judge you? If that’s you, look no further, our licensed therapists are for, and from our community. Just. Like. You. So, stop giving your hard-earned coin to unseasoned therapists who just don't get it. We are reimagining and reindigenizing therapy. More importantly, we’re giving you life with indigenous practices that are culturally appropriate, judgement free, and affirmative care.
Are you in your sad-girl era? Anxious? Exploring gender? Throuple trouble? Tired of therapist who judge you? If that’s you, look no further, our licensed therapists are for, and from our community. Just. Like. You. So, stop giving your hard-earned coin to unseasoned therapists who just don't get it. We are reimagining and reindigenizing therapy. More importantly, we’re giving you life with indigenous practices that are culturally appropriate, judgement free, and affirmative care.
(951) 366-1387 View (951) 366-1387
Photo of Erica Holmes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Erica Holmes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91701
Hi! I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. I offer compassionate and professional therapeutic guidance to address problematic situations negatively impacting life functioning.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. I offer compassionate and professional therapeutic guidance to address problematic situations negatively impacting life functioning.
(951) 944-2827 View (951) 944-2827
Photo of Jeffrey Ly | Porn Addiction Relationships in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Jeffrey Ly | Porn Addiction Relationships
LPHA, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Pornography addiction can significantly impact your life and relationships but there is hope for recovery. I’m not just a mental health professional, I’ve been “you” for many years. I understand firsthand the personal struggles in your life and committed relationships that come with uncontrollable pornography use. The endless stream of attractive women a few clicks away on Pornhub, Onlyfan or Social Media is hard to quit even with all your willpower and promise to quit for the sake of your relationship.
Pornography addiction can significantly impact your life and relationships but there is hope for recovery. I’m not just a mental health professional, I’ve been “you” for many years. I understand firsthand the personal struggles in your life and committed relationships that come with uncontrollable pornography use. The endless stream of attractive women a few clicks away on Pornhub, Onlyfan or Social Media is hard to quit even with all your willpower and promise to quit for the sake of your relationship.
(909) 655-5285 View (909) 655-5285
Photo of Celena Horton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Celena Horton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
After experiencing this time of uncertainty and change, I am here to meet your psychological needs. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with my Doctorate in Psychology; who is a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I believe in meeting you where you are. My personal mantra is empowering and motivating you to help to incite change. I have over 9 years of experience of working with individuals, families and couples in various settings.
After experiencing this time of uncertainty and change, I am here to meet your psychological needs. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with my Doctorate in Psychology; who is a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist. I believe in meeting you where you are. My personal mantra is empowering and motivating you to help to incite change. I have over 9 years of experience of working with individuals, families and couples in various settings.
(951) 309-9288 View (951) 309-9288
Photo of Danielle Vidart, Marriage & Family Therapist in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Danielle Vidart
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hello there and welcome! I am a body positive, sex positive, culture, diversity, belief-system, LGBTQ+, you positive therapist. It is my goal to really see you and understand everything that goes into where you are right now in life. I use my personal experience as a person who feels things (no robot therapist here) and has experienced trauma to help us both understand you. I believe shaming you won’t get you where you are going - only empathy and understanding. Though if you are looking for a perfect therapist, I might not be the therapist for you. I make mistakes - I have locked myself out of the office before a session.
Hello there and welcome! I am a body positive, sex positive, culture, diversity, belief-system, LGBTQ+, you positive therapist. It is my goal to really see you and understand everything that goes into where you are right now in life. I use my personal experience as a person who feels things (no robot therapist here) and has experienced trauma to help us both understand you. I believe shaming you won’t get you where you are going - only empathy and understanding. Though if you are looking for a perfect therapist, I might not be the therapist for you. I make mistakes - I have locked myself out of the office before a session.
(951) 338-9271 View (951) 338-9271
Photo of Patricia Gallegos, Counselor in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Patricia Gallegos
Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730
You may choose therapy for multiple reasons. Whether you are here to resolve relationship conflicts, life transition, loss, trauma, or to manage stressors with work; taking this first step can be quite challenging as well as rewarding.Experiencing life's conflicts are often the most demanding aspect of our daily lives; problems often become bigger when you try to ignore them. My goal is to provide guidance for you to find your inner strength to enjoy life again. Together, we will work through your vulnerabilities, fears, and beliefs to have a better understanding of how things can be improved.
You may choose therapy for multiple reasons. Whether you are here to resolve relationship conflicts, life transition, loss, trauma, or to manage stressors with work; taking this first step can be quite challenging as well as rewarding.Experiencing life's conflicts are often the most demanding aspect of our daily lives; problems often become bigger when you try to ignore them. My goal is to provide guidance for you to find your inner strength to enjoy life again. Together, we will work through your vulnerabilities, fears, and beliefs to have a better understanding of how things can be improved.
(909) 359-7905 View (909) 359-7905
Photo of Nayeli Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Nayeli Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, MSW, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hello and Welcome. Our agency offers affordable, low-cost, telehealth/online therapy services. Much can happen in life that we never saw coming and/or that never wanted for ourselves. But I am here because I believe that in spite of this, there is still a greater hope. As your counselor, I will collaborate with you in your journey to regain and nourish that hope as you seek healing, clarity, and change. Together, we will establish a safe environment to explore the issues that are consuming you, set goals toward change, learn more about yourself and your values, find clarity, and establish with the tools you need to keep going.
Hello and Welcome. Our agency offers affordable, low-cost, telehealth/online therapy services. Much can happen in life that we never saw coming and/or that never wanted for ourselves. But I am here because I believe that in spite of this, there is still a greater hope. As your counselor, I will collaborate with you in your journey to regain and nourish that hope as you seek healing, clarity, and change. Together, we will establish a safe environment to explore the issues that are consuming you, set goals toward change, learn more about yourself and your values, find clarity, and establish with the tools you need to keep going.
(951) 370-1948 View (951) 370-1948

See more therapy options for Rancho Cucamonga

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Rancho Cucamonga, CA

400+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Rancho Cucamonga, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
74% Coping Skills
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth
60% Optum

How Therapists in Rancho Cucamonga, CA see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Rancho Cucamonga?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.