Therapists in Washington, DC

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Photo of Frog Point Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Frog Point Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD , MFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20037
Frog Point Therapy are DC's relationship experts. Relationships are one of the most important aspects of being human: relationship to self, others, and the world. Our therapists specialize in curating a highly individualized treatment experience. We integrate classic western psychotherapeutic approaches, eastern wisdom traditions, and modern research on human development to help clients create stronger bonds with ourselves, the people in our lives, and the world around us and believe that healthy relationships on all three levels are essential to well-being and happiness.
Frog Point Therapy are DC's relationship experts. Relationships are one of the most important aspects of being human: relationship to self, others, and the world. Our therapists specialize in curating a highly individualized treatment experience. We integrate classic western psychotherapeutic approaches, eastern wisdom traditions, and modern research on human development to help clients create stronger bonds with ourselves, the people in our lives, and the world around us and believe that healthy relationships on all three levels are essential to well-being and happiness.
(202) 519-1046 x1 View (202) 519-1046 x1
Photo of Dr. Demetries North, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Dr. Demetries North
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, MA, NCC, QMHP
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20036
Congratulations on taking the first step toward empowering yourself and your future. It is totally normal to seek advice or just a listening ear to reassure you through life’s journey. As a client focused counselor, I have years of experience in both group and individual counseling for addictions, stress and anger management, general anxiety concerns, trauma and healthy relationship building. My treatment approach is integrative, meaning I use a combination of many different modalities, such as Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) . My life’s mission is to help you achieve your best life, even in your not so best times.
Congratulations on taking the first step toward empowering yourself and your future. It is totally normal to seek advice or just a listening ear to reassure you through life’s journey. As a client focused counselor, I have years of experience in both group and individual counseling for addictions, stress and anger management, general anxiety concerns, trauma and healthy relationship building. My treatment approach is integrative, meaning I use a combination of many different modalities, such as Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) . My life’s mission is to help you achieve your best life, even in your not so best times.
(571) 568-9031 View (571) 568-9031
Photo of Sapna Doshi, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Sapna Doshi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
20 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20003
Dr. Doshi specializes in the treating of eating disorders, body image concerns, behavioral weight management, pre & post bariatric counseling, insomnia, OCD, anxiety disorders, depression, and multicultural and identity-related concerns. She utilizes scientific, evidence-based approaches to inform her treatment with clients. She specializes in the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Exposure Response Prevention (ERP).
Dr. Doshi specializes in the treating of eating disorders, body image concerns, behavioral weight management, pre & post bariatric counseling, insomnia, OCD, anxiety disorders, depression, and multicultural and identity-related concerns. She utilizes scientific, evidence-based approaches to inform her treatment with clients. She specializes in the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Exposure Response Prevention (ERP).
(703) 783-9118 View (703) 783-9118
Photo of Mind Over Mood Healing LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Mind Over Mood Healing LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20001  (Online Only)
I will walk alongside you as you engage in the healing and transformation process. I am committed to providing a safe, nurturing, and therapeutic environment that promotes your overall wellbeing. It is an honor for me to help you process your internal thoughts and feelings, no matter how difficult or uncomfortable they may be. As we work together collaboratively, it is my hope that you will discover a way forward on your journey to healing and transformation.
I will walk alongside you as you engage in the healing and transformation process. I am committed to providing a safe, nurturing, and therapeutic environment that promotes your overall wellbeing. It is an honor for me to help you process your internal thoughts and feelings, no matter how difficult or uncomfortable they may be. As we work together collaboratively, it is my hope that you will discover a way forward on your journey to healing and transformation.
(202) 953-1598 View (202) 953-1598
Photo of Ruth Wittersgreen, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Ruth Wittersgreen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20007
I've been providing psychotherapy for over twenty years. I am passionate about this work and have helped many people change their lives for the better. I believe in a person's ability to make their life as full and rich as they want it to be. Therapy can help you get what you need and want in your relationships, work, and other areas of life. I am easy to talk to and bring a lot of warmth and caring to therapy. I sometimes use innovative approaches including walking in nature with clients, hypnotherapy, pet therapy, and writing/art therapy.
I've been providing psychotherapy for over twenty years. I am passionate about this work and have helped many people change their lives for the better. I believe in a person's ability to make their life as full and rich as they want it to be. Therapy can help you get what you need and want in your relationships, work, and other areas of life. I am easy to talk to and bring a lot of warmth and caring to therapy. I sometimes use innovative approaches including walking in nature with clients, hypnotherapy, pet therapy, and writing/art therapy.
(202) 670-2900 View (202) 670-2900
Photo of Josephine A Bulkley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Josephine A Bulkley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, MSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
People seek psychotherapy feeling unhappy or helpless to bring about change in their life or fulfill their dreams. Patients are overcome with symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, substance abuse or other problems, which in reality are unconscious defenses, blocking repressed feelings about something that went wrong, often in childhood, which is not yet resolved. These defenses once were adaptive, by protecting and helping them survive, but are no longer effective. I help people work through their underlying grief and face their feelings (sadness, anger, disappointment, yearning, powerlessness) surrounding trauma or loss, enabling them to engage in more free, authentic, satisfying lives.
People seek psychotherapy feeling unhappy or helpless to bring about change in their life or fulfill their dreams. Patients are overcome with symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, substance abuse or other problems, which in reality are unconscious defenses, blocking repressed feelings about something that went wrong, often in childhood, which is not yet resolved. These defenses once were adaptive, by protecting and helping them survive, but are no longer effective. I help people work through their underlying grief and face their feelings (sadness, anger, disappointment, yearning, powerlessness) surrounding trauma or loss, enabling them to engage in more free, authentic, satisfying lives.
(202) 883-4551 View (202) 883-4551
Photo of Martha Dupecher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Martha Dupecher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20037
By the time people get to me they’ve often tried many things. They’ve read self-help books, perused articles, confided in friends about problems that just don’t seem to go away. Those issues span the gamut, from difficulty with family members to on-the-job problems, to outright trauma, to a nagging sense of dissatisfaction with life. “What can I do about this?” people want to know. My answer is usually something along the lines of “Let’s try to understand more.” Things are often not what they seem at first glance. My office is a place to figure things out, to increase empathy for yourself and others, and to make needed changes.
By the time people get to me they’ve often tried many things. They’ve read self-help books, perused articles, confided in friends about problems that just don’t seem to go away. Those issues span the gamut, from difficulty with family members to on-the-job problems, to outright trauma, to a nagging sense of dissatisfaction with life. “What can I do about this?” people want to know. My answer is usually something along the lines of “Let’s try to understand more.” Things are often not what they seem at first glance. My office is a place to figure things out, to increase empathy for yourself and others, and to make needed changes.
(202) 760-4890 View (202) 760-4890
Photo of Armande Gil, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Armande Gil
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20006
My approach is solution focused, culturally sensitive, and compassionate. Together, we will work on centering on the present moment, explore lessons from the past, and regain a sense of control and confidence at your own pace. I focus on thinking patterns, emotional balance, behavioral change, and skill development. I use coaching, and problem solving techniques. I also work with a health & prevention oriented approach. I am knowledgeable about brain behavior relationships and focus on wellbeing as a whole. Licensed in the State of Florida as a Psychologist #PY 7583
My approach is solution focused, culturally sensitive, and compassionate. Together, we will work on centering on the present moment, explore lessons from the past, and regain a sense of control and confidence at your own pace. I focus on thinking patterns, emotional balance, behavioral change, and skill development. I use coaching, and problem solving techniques. I also work with a health & prevention oriented approach. I am knowledgeable about brain behavior relationships and focus on wellbeing as a whole. Licensed in the State of Florida as a Psychologist #PY 7583
(202) 816-6171 View (202) 816-6171
Photo of Maury L. Joseph, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Maury L. Joseph
Psychologist, PsyD, MPsy
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036  (Online Only)
The problems that bring us to therapy often start as solutions to life's problems, our best efforts to get by in a difficult world. When these solutions stop working, and when depression and anxiety break through despite our best efforts to cope, it is wise to seek help. You are giving yourself a gift in doing so.
The problems that bring us to therapy often start as solutions to life's problems, our best efforts to get by in a difficult world. When these solutions stop working, and when depression and anxiety break through despite our best efforts to cope, it is wise to seek help. You are giving yourself a gift in doing so.
(202) 968-2530 View (202) 968-2530
Photo of Jennie Lee Altieri, Counselor in Washington, DC
Jennie Lee Altieri
Counselor, MA, MEd, LGPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20008
Jennie Altieri is a grief and trauma psychotherapist at the Wendt Center for Loss and Healing in Washington, DC. Ms. Altieri spent seven years working as a Crime Victim Advocate and seven years working with incarcerated men within six months of release. At the Wendt Center, she currently provides individual and group counseling, as well as crisis response to schools and agencies who have experienced a recent trauma. Ms. Altieri specializes in working with victims of crime, specifically homicide, intimate partner violence and sexual violence.
Jennie Altieri is a grief and trauma psychotherapist at the Wendt Center for Loss and Healing in Washington, DC. Ms. Altieri spent seven years working as a Crime Victim Advocate and seven years working with incarcerated men within six months of release. At the Wendt Center, she currently provides individual and group counseling, as well as crisis response to schools and agencies who have experienced a recent trauma. Ms. Altieri specializes in working with victims of crime, specifically homicide, intimate partner violence and sexual violence.
(586) 371-6709 View (586) 371-6709
Photo of Dr. Kelly Lewis-Arthur, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Dr. Kelly Lewis-Arthur
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
Congratulations! You just made an important step in the change process and are on your way to positive growth and wellness. This is an essential ingredient in your future success! You are not alone. Healing and success are possible and I want to help you get there. Through empirically supported teletherapy and virtual consultation and supervision services, I will work with you to overcome adversity and secure fresh perspectives and new directions for the next phase of life. You are wonderfully made in body, mind, and spirit. Wholeness and success are within reach. Let me support you in your journey!
Congratulations! You just made an important step in the change process and are on your way to positive growth and wellness. This is an essential ingredient in your future success! You are not alone. Healing and success are possible and I want to help you get there. Through empirically supported teletherapy and virtual consultation and supervision services, I will work with you to overcome adversity and secure fresh perspectives and new directions for the next phase of life. You are wonderfully made in body, mind, and spirit. Wholeness and success are within reach. Let me support you in your journey!
(202) 931-7772 View (202) 931-7772
Photo of Michael J. Stiers, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Michael J. Stiers
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20003
Most people that I see in my practice do not have an emotional or psychological illness but are faced with professional or relationship issues that are causing personal distress. These issues when not understood and dealt with can create symptoms of anxiety, depression and a loss of satisfaction in personal, professional, and intimate relationships. They can also interfere with the full expression of a person's unique abilities and the fulfillment of his or her goals.
Most people that I see in my practice do not have an emotional or psychological illness but are faced with professional or relationship issues that are causing personal distress. These issues when not understood and dealt with can create symptoms of anxiety, depression and a loss of satisfaction in personal, professional, and intimate relationships. They can also interfere with the full expression of a person's unique abilities and the fulfillment of his or her goals.
(202) 470-1514 View (202) 470-1514
Photo of Kashawna Watson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Kashawna Watson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20006  (Online Only)
I aim to provide a safe place to listen and understand my clients completely in an environment that is focused on healing and supportive techniques. Clients often appreciate my eagerness to understand their situations and provide an environment that provides support in a relaxed atmosphere. Through my years of experience, I have worked with clients and families overcoming trauma, domestic violence and clients that are looking for assistance in managing their depression and anxiety.
I aim to provide a safe place to listen and understand my clients completely in an environment that is focused on healing and supportive techniques. Clients often appreciate my eagerness to understand their situations and provide an environment that provides support in a relaxed atmosphere. Through my years of experience, I have worked with clients and families overcoming trauma, domestic violence and clients that are looking for assistance in managing their depression and anxiety.
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Photo of Catherine Grothus, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Catherine Grothus
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CST, CAC-I
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
I believe that each and every one of us has a truth, and that discussing those truths can be both a powerful and a painful experience. As a therapist, I am honored to help individuals uncover and rediscover what brings fulfillment, meaning, and connection with themselves and others.
I believe that each and every one of us has a truth, and that discussing those truths can be both a powerful and a painful experience. As a therapist, I am honored to help individuals uncover and rediscover what brings fulfillment, meaning, and connection with themselves and others.
(202) 932-6588 View (202) 932-6588
Photo of Aisha Tyehimba, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Aisha Tyehimba
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20006  (Online Only)
You look good on paper. You have the degree/s, maybe even the title. But something isn't quite right when you look in the mirror or look around at you and/or your family. It's a big step for anyone to recognize that what you've been doing isn't working. Depressed about your circumstances? Anxious about not yet showing up as the fantasy version of yourself. Feeling like you don't belong or don't deserve to be seen as good as you know you are but won't allow yourself to believe? Let's examine your narrative and find the path to how YOU will redefine your best self.
You look good on paper. You have the degree/s, maybe even the title. But something isn't quite right when you look in the mirror or look around at you and/or your family. It's a big step for anyone to recognize that what you've been doing isn't working. Depressed about your circumstances? Anxious about not yet showing up as the fantasy version of yourself. Feeling like you don't belong or don't deserve to be seen as good as you know you are but won't allow yourself to believe? Let's examine your narrative and find the path to how YOU will redefine your best self.
(202) 335-6829 View (202) 335-6829
Photo of Dr. Aliza Goldberg, Psychological Associate in Washington, DC
Dr. Aliza Goldberg
Psychological Associate, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20037  (Online Only)
Thanks for taking a look at my profile! I provide individual and couples therapy to adults and enjoy helping clients work through anxiety, trauma, attachment and relationship challenges, life transitions, and identity-related concerns. As your therapist, I will strive to understand your challenges and symptoms in the context of your personal history, biology, relationships, and intersectional identities. We will work collaboratively to develop an individualized treatment plan informed by our shared understanding of your presenting concerns and goals, my knowledge of psychology and evidence-based treatments, and your feedback.
Thanks for taking a look at my profile! I provide individual and couples therapy to adults and enjoy helping clients work through anxiety, trauma, attachment and relationship challenges, life transitions, and identity-related concerns. As your therapist, I will strive to understand your challenges and symptoms in the context of your personal history, biology, relationships, and intersectional identities. We will work collaboratively to develop an individualized treatment plan informed by our shared understanding of your presenting concerns and goals, my knowledge of psychology and evidence-based treatments, and your feedback.
(202) 915-7459 View (202) 915-7459
Photo of Hope Beavers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Hope Beavers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20003  (Online Only)
My practice best fits the "strong friend" type. The person who supports everyone, but also needs support. My practice also fits those who are struggling to adjust to life situations and circumstances, and adults who are still recovering form their childhood adversity.
My practice best fits the "strong friend" type. The person who supports everyone, but also needs support. My practice also fits those who are struggling to adjust to life situations and circumstances, and adults who are still recovering form their childhood adversity.
(202) 851-8915 View (202) 851-8915
Photo of Dr. Lauren E. Mays, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Dr. Lauren E. Mays
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I am a results-oriented therapist who specializes in helping individuals break free of old patterns, find motivation, form deeper relationships, and manage difficult transitions. Using foundations of attachment and neuroscience, I work collaboratively with clients to help them gain insight into how they are "wired". This blueprint allows us to develop effective strategies that both reduce immediate stress and make lasting impacts on your overall well-being and life satisfaction. I believe that the therapist-client connection is paramount to this work and strive to provide a space that is safe, thought-provoking, (sometimes) fun, and always real.
Welcome! I am a results-oriented therapist who specializes in helping individuals break free of old patterns, find motivation, form deeper relationships, and manage difficult transitions. Using foundations of attachment and neuroscience, I work collaboratively with clients to help them gain insight into how they are "wired". This blueprint allows us to develop effective strategies that both reduce immediate stress and make lasting impacts on your overall well-being and life satisfaction. I believe that the therapist-client connection is paramount to this work and strive to provide a space that is safe, thought-provoking, (sometimes) fun, and always real.
(202) 517-1937 View (202) 517-1937
Photo of Arlene Levinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Arlene Levinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20003
Not accepting new clients
Helping you understand what troubles you and gain insight toward positive change is the heart of my practice. I work with adults, individually and in couples, and with families facing the challenges of life transitions and aging. Whether yours are new dilemmas or longstanding struggles, a life-changing event that was planned or unexpected, painful grief over a new or old loss, or a knotty issue in search of solution, all can be opportunities for growth. Every life is a story. You want to make yours better. I work as a partner with you in that process.
Helping you understand what troubles you and gain insight toward positive change is the heart of my practice. I work with adults, individually and in couples, and with families facing the challenges of life transitions and aging. Whether yours are new dilemmas or longstanding struggles, a life-changing event that was planned or unexpected, painful grief over a new or old loss, or a knotty issue in search of solution, all can be opportunities for growth. Every life is a story. You want to make yours better. I work as a partner with you in that process.
(202) 751-3653 View (202) 751-3653
Photo of Ashley Acosta, Counselor in Washington, DC
Ashley Acosta
Counselor, MA, LGPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20005
Life's full of unanswered questions which can show up as anxiety, anger, or self doubt. If you're struggling with the "why" behind what you're going through, that's where our work together can help. I provide an open and safe space for us to explore why you feel the way you do and how your past may be contributing to your present. We will consider all angles of your lived experience in making sense of the issues you’re facing. Angles like your relationships to others, your childhood experiences, instincts & gut reactions, and societal systems. My role as your therapist is to support and guide you through the "how" of moving forward.
Life's full of unanswered questions which can show up as anxiety, anger, or self doubt. If you're struggling with the "why" behind what you're going through, that's where our work together can help. I provide an open and safe space for us to explore why you feel the way you do and how your past may be contributing to your present. We will consider all angles of your lived experience in making sense of the issues you’re facing. Angles like your relationships to others, your childhood experiences, instincts & gut reactions, and societal systems. My role as your therapist is to support and guide you through the "how" of moving forward.
(844) 699-3368 View (844) 699-3368

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Washington, DC

2,000+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Washington, DC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% CareFirst
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Washington, DC see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Washington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.