Therapists in Redondo Beach, CA

Photo of Mubeena Mirza, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Mubeena Mirza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
Are you grappling with distressing and unwelcome thoughts? Does anxiety and constant worry leave you unable to fully participate in meaningful activities? Perhaps you've tried traditional talk therapy without success, and you may currently feel trapped in this difficult state. Through specialized and targeted treatment, there is a path to break free from these intrusive thoughts and regain control over your life.
Are you grappling with distressing and unwelcome thoughts? Does anxiety and constant worry leave you unable to fully participate in meaningful activities? Perhaps you've tried traditional talk therapy without success, and you may currently feel trapped in this difficult state. Through specialized and targeted treatment, there is a path to break free from these intrusive thoughts and regain control over your life.
(424) 396-5751 View (424) 396-5751
Photo of Margaret Stoll, Psychologist in Redondo Beach, CA
Margaret Stoll
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
I assist clients in developing insight into patterns within their behavior and relationships that are unsuccessful for them. Since these patterns are often shaped by the clients past, this is also something we explore. This awareness, combined with learning new ways of thinking and behaving, helps clients develop more effective and satisfying reactions, relationships and life choices. Believing in an individualized therapy approach, I develop a treatment plan unique to the needs and circumstances of each person. Within a supportive, accepting therapy relationship, the client gradually discovers their authentic self in a manner that helps to resolve their initial questions and concerns.
I assist clients in developing insight into patterns within their behavior and relationships that are unsuccessful for them. Since these patterns are often shaped by the clients past, this is also something we explore. This awareness, combined with learning new ways of thinking and behaving, helps clients develop more effective and satisfying reactions, relationships and life choices. Believing in an individualized therapy approach, I develop a treatment plan unique to the needs and circumstances of each person. Within a supportive, accepting therapy relationship, the client gradually discovers their authentic self in a manner that helps to resolve their initial questions and concerns.
(310) 896-8973 View (310) 896-8973
Photo of Ashleylauren Reyes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Ashleylauren Reyes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
Welcome! I am a licensed marriage and family therapist that supports children, adolescents, adults and families. I am devoted to creating a compassionate and nonjudgmental environment for all individuals and families to address their mental health needs.
Welcome! I am a licensed marriage and family therapist that supports children, adolescents, adults and families. I am devoted to creating a compassionate and nonjudgmental environment for all individuals and families to address their mental health needs.
(424) 233-1522 View (424) 233-1522
Photo of Gabe Lanum, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Gabe Lanum
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
If you are looking to heal from past pain, end destructive patterns, reconnect with your body, or choose and cultivate meaningful, intimate relationships: Welcome! I work with clients suffering from relational trauma and abuse, grief and loss, PTSD, anxiety, depression, past sexual abuse, and addictions. My ability to guide others is informed by my training but rooted in my own experiences of suffering, and of the utter relief of finding my own healing path.
If you are looking to heal from past pain, end destructive patterns, reconnect with your body, or choose and cultivate meaningful, intimate relationships: Welcome! I work with clients suffering from relational trauma and abuse, grief and loss, PTSD, anxiety, depression, past sexual abuse, and addictions. My ability to guide others is informed by my training but rooted in my own experiences of suffering, and of the utter relief of finding my own healing path.
(424) 360-2178 View (424) 360-2178
Photo of Ariana Ashley Mahban, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Redondo Beach, CA
Ariana Ashley Mahban
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
Hello, I’m Ariana! I am passionate about empowering young adult women and couples to move through life's challenges with more confidence and clarity. My areas of focus include eating disorders, relational issues, and relational trauma. In my practice, I offer support to those on a healing journey from narcissistic abuse, seeking self-identity, facing career challenges, or dealing with body image concerns. My therapeutic approach is grounded in psychodynamic, relational, person-centered, and evidence-based modalities—striving to blend depth psychology with solution-focused strategies.
Hello, I’m Ariana! I am passionate about empowering young adult women and couples to move through life's challenges with more confidence and clarity. My areas of focus include eating disorders, relational issues, and relational trauma. In my practice, I offer support to those on a healing journey from narcissistic abuse, seeking self-identity, facing career challenges, or dealing with body image concerns. My therapeutic approach is grounded in psychodynamic, relational, person-centered, and evidence-based modalities—striving to blend depth psychology with solution-focused strategies.
(310) 982-7438 View (310) 982-7438
Photo of Tiama Rucker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Tiama Rucker
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90278
Hi! I am Tiama Rucker, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. I approach each therapy session with sensitivity, compassion, and empathy while creating a safe space for change and growth. My approach to therapy is client centered because I focus on the unique and specific needs of the individual. Because, every situation is different, I work with the individual to set goals and find which tools and approaches will best help them.
Hi! I am Tiama Rucker, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. I approach each therapy session with sensitivity, compassion, and empathy while creating a safe space for change and growth. My approach to therapy is client centered because I focus on the unique and specific needs of the individual. Because, every situation is different, I work with the individual to set goals and find which tools and approaches will best help them.
(424) 577-3609 View (424) 577-3609
Photo of Abby T Withee, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Abby T Withee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
I am here for you, for the person who is struggling to get out from under the cloud of anxiety, depression, or that feeling that you just aren't "good enough". I am here for the parent who is struggling with how to manage, and for the child who has trouble regulating their emotions. We have all been there, even therapists. I come from a place of compassion and understanding, ready to meet you where you're at and find out what works for you to heal and grow.
I am here for you, for the person who is struggling to get out from under the cloud of anxiety, depression, or that feeling that you just aren't "good enough". I am here for the parent who is struggling with how to manage, and for the child who has trouble regulating their emotions. We have all been there, even therapists. I come from a place of compassion and understanding, ready to meet you where you're at and find out what works for you to heal and grow.
(310) 620-1321 x310 View (310) 620-1321 x310
Photo of Iris Lee Knell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Iris Lee Knell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90278
Does your middle school or high school aged child need some additional support? Are they struggling in school or with maintaining friendships? Perhaps someone in the family is ill with cancer or has a substance abuse issue? I specialize in working with children and families navigating life's difficult moments and transitions. With over 20 years of experience as a school counselor, and over 30 years in practice as a therapist, I bring a unique perspective in helping individuals adjust. I work with the entire family to help promote positive behavior and teach coping skills.
Does your middle school or high school aged child need some additional support? Are they struggling in school or with maintaining friendships? Perhaps someone in the family is ill with cancer or has a substance abuse issue? I specialize in working with children and families navigating life's difficult moments and transitions. With over 20 years of experience as a school counselor, and over 30 years in practice as a therapist, I bring a unique perspective in helping individuals adjust. I work with the entire family to help promote positive behavior and teach coping skills.
(310) 906-4562 View (310) 906-4562
Photo of Allison Adamovic, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Allison Adamovic
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
Are you a new mom and feeling inadequate? Frustrated with your relationship? Your anxiety feel all-consuming? Trauma triggering impairing your daily life? My specialties are Maternal Mental Health / Women's Issues, Grief & Loss, Relationships (including Pre-marital counseling), and EMDR for Trauma & Self-Esteem issues. I often use CBT tools, Psychodynamic approach, and Solution-focused techniques as well. My goal is to support and empower you during life's changing tides. Life never seems to go quite as expected. It's time to put your needs first.
Are you a new mom and feeling inadequate? Frustrated with your relationship? Your anxiety feel all-consuming? Trauma triggering impairing your daily life? My specialties are Maternal Mental Health / Women's Issues, Grief & Loss, Relationships (including Pre-marital counseling), and EMDR for Trauma & Self-Esteem issues. I often use CBT tools, Psychodynamic approach, and Solution-focused techniques as well. My goal is to support and empower you during life's changing tides. Life never seems to go quite as expected. It's time to put your needs first.
(562) 352-2806 View (562) 352-2806
Photo of Dr. Melis Alkin Board Certified Clinical Psychologist, Psychologist in Redondo Beach, CA
Dr. Melis Alkin Board Certified Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP, FT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Redondo Beach, CA 90278
Welcome to my practice! I am a board certified clinical psychologist with over 20 years in practice and specialize in depression, trauma, anxiety, grief and relationship issues. I support clients in navigating life transitions such as existential, trauma, relational issues. Together we will explore how past experiences shape your current thoughts, emotions and behavior and work towards your goals for change, meaning making and finding renewed purpose, connection, and vitality.
Welcome to my practice! I am a board certified clinical psychologist with over 20 years in practice and specialize in depression, trauma, anxiety, grief and relationship issues. I support clients in navigating life transitions such as existential, trauma, relational issues. Together we will explore how past experiences shape your current thoughts, emotions and behavior and work towards your goals for change, meaning making and finding renewed purpose, connection, and vitality.
(424) 999-0532 View (424) 999-0532
Photo of Carla Rather-Long, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Carla Rather-Long
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Redondo Beach, CA 90278  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I approach each human with profound respect. Within the safety of authentic relationship, we work together to experience felt change, bodily and emotionally. New emotional experiences are powerful change agents. My specialties include: humanistic treatment for trauma intervention, neuroscience-informed relationship treatment, emotionally focused therapy, anti-oppression treatment. I work to support your experience of felt change via human relationship - relief.
I approach each human with profound respect. Within the safety of authentic relationship, we work together to experience felt change, bodily and emotionally. New emotional experiences are powerful change agents. My specialties include: humanistic treatment for trauma intervention, neuroscience-informed relationship treatment, emotionally focused therapy, anti-oppression treatment. I work to support your experience of felt change via human relationship - relief.
(310) 227-3947 View (310) 227-3947
Photo of Lauren Levy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Lauren Levy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90278  (Online Only)
Every one of us deserves joy, peace-of-mind, and well-being. We deserve to reach our full potential. Yet, somewhere along the way, we are diverted--oftentimes when our past burdens us, change upsets us, or unmet expectations disappoint us. Attempting to make sense of the distress, we engage in patterns that seem to comfort us, but in actuality, they move us further away from growth and the very things that have the power to fulfill us. Whatever your reason is for therapy, I aim to help pinpoint these patterns, rewrite your story, and guide you in finding your way towards the positive life aspects that you're worthy of experiencing.
Every one of us deserves joy, peace-of-mind, and well-being. We deserve to reach our full potential. Yet, somewhere along the way, we are diverted--oftentimes when our past burdens us, change upsets us, or unmet expectations disappoint us. Attempting to make sense of the distress, we engage in patterns that seem to comfort us, but in actuality, they move us further away from growth and the very things that have the power to fulfill us. Whatever your reason is for therapy, I aim to help pinpoint these patterns, rewrite your story, and guide you in finding your way towards the positive life aspects that you're worthy of experiencing.
(424) 414-2278 View (424) 414-2278
Photo of Kelly Spagnuolo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Kelly Spagnuolo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, BSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
Kelly Spagnuolo is devoted to helping her clients tap into their unique ability to heal, assisting them in accessing their unlimited potential. Through her unconditional positive regard and compassionate attunement, Kelly is masterful at providing a safe space for healing to occur. Kelly knows first-hand how to heal the wounded parts inside. As a result, she is able to guide her clients on their journey to Self-Discovery, Self-Empowerment, and gracefully facilitates a re-connection to the Authentic Self. Kelly is able to assist her clients with healing on all levels of Consciousness; Physical, Mental, Emotional, and Spiritual.
Kelly Spagnuolo is devoted to helping her clients tap into their unique ability to heal, assisting them in accessing their unlimited potential. Through her unconditional positive regard and compassionate attunement, Kelly is masterful at providing a safe space for healing to occur. Kelly knows first-hand how to heal the wounded parts inside. As a result, she is able to guide her clients on their journey to Self-Discovery, Self-Empowerment, and gracefully facilitates a re-connection to the Authentic Self. Kelly is able to assist her clients with healing on all levels of Consciousness; Physical, Mental, Emotional, and Spiritual.
(310) 751-7037 View (310) 751-7037
Photo of Tiffany Manilla, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Tiffany Manilla
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
Hello! My name is Tiffany Manilla. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California. I have 9 years of experience in the therapy field, working with patients from all walks of life. My clinical experience includes working in an inpatient substance abuse recovery program for women, during which time I provided individual, group, and family counseling. In addition, I worked in a school-based setting for 4 years, providing mental health counseling to students with physical and mental disabilities. The patients ranged from school-aged to young adults, with predominately young adults on my caseload.
Hello! My name is Tiffany Manilla. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California. I have 9 years of experience in the therapy field, working with patients from all walks of life. My clinical experience includes working in an inpatient substance abuse recovery program for women, during which time I provided individual, group, and family counseling. In addition, I worked in a school-based setting for 4 years, providing mental health counseling to students with physical and mental disabilities. The patients ranged from school-aged to young adults, with predominately young adults on my caseload.
(310) 861-2839 View (310) 861-2839
Photo of Ruth Houston Barrett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Ruth Houston Barrett
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
With care, knowledge, and passion, I help my clients achieve the meaningful changes they seek. From the first session, my clients say they feel lighter, happier, and empowered for change. I balance warmth and empathy with extensive education, experience, expertise. Focusing on solutions, strengths, and evidence-based tools, we take concrete steps to enrich lives and relationships, blending therapeutic modalities for conscious-unconscious mind, mindfulness, meaning.
With care, knowledge, and passion, I help my clients achieve the meaningful changes they seek. From the first session, my clients say they feel lighter, happier, and empowered for change. I balance warmth and empathy with extensive education, experience, expertise. Focusing on solutions, strengths, and evidence-based tools, we take concrete steps to enrich lives and relationships, blending therapeutic modalities for conscious-unconscious mind, mindfulness, meaning.
(310) 879-5173 View (310) 879-5173
Photo of Liz (Elizabeth) LaBolt, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Liz (Elizabeth) LaBolt
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
It’s not easy being human, and given the additional uncertainty, unease, and stress these past few years, it sure hasn’t gotten any easier. So whether you're feeling stressed, anxious, depressed, stuck, lost, or are struggling in your relationships, including the one with yourself, looking for help makes a lot of sense. Mindset shifts, tools for coping, and emotional support are the heart of what therapy can provide, not to mention simply having a safe space to talk to someone about what you're going through.
It’s not easy being human, and given the additional uncertainty, unease, and stress these past few years, it sure hasn’t gotten any easier. So whether you're feeling stressed, anxious, depressed, stuck, lost, or are struggling in your relationships, including the one with yourself, looking for help makes a lot of sense. Mindset shifts, tools for coping, and emotional support are the heart of what therapy can provide, not to mention simply having a safe space to talk to someone about what you're going through.
(213) 444-7622 View (213) 444-7622
Photo of Lesley M Silverstone, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Lesley M Silverstone
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling overwhelmed with life's challenges? Taking the first step towards getting help is often the most difficult. My role as a therapist is to work collaboratively with the client to gain self-awareness, build self-esteem, create healthier relationships and improve the quality of one's emotional life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed with life's challenges? Taking the first step towards getting help is often the most difficult. My role as a therapist is to work collaboratively with the client to gain self-awareness, build self-esteem, create healthier relationships and improve the quality of one's emotional life.
(310) 331-8983 View (310) 331-8983
Photo of Haylee R Duran, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Haylee R Duran
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CEAP, ERPSCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
Life Comes in Waves, Let's Learn to Ride Them! Sometimes in the waves of change, We find our true direction. Life events and stress can leave us with emotional wounds. We then try to heal these wounds with harmful methods that make us feel better for the time being but hurt us later. Therapy can be your safe space to heal. It may sting or hurt to clean out at first. However, the gains you will receive from doing so will be beneficial for your well-being, your relationships, and your future. I will be by your side guiding you through the process at a pace that fits you.
Life Comes in Waves, Let's Learn to Ride Them! Sometimes in the waves of change, We find our true direction. Life events and stress can leave us with emotional wounds. We then try to heal these wounds with harmful methods that make us feel better for the time being but hurt us later. Therapy can be your safe space to heal. It may sting or hurt to clean out at first. However, the gains you will receive from doing so will be beneficial for your well-being, your relationships, and your future. I will be by your side guiding you through the process at a pace that fits you.
(310) 362-9633 View (310) 362-9633
Photo of Sean Lynn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Sean Lynn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Redondo Beach, CA 90278
People come into therapy for many reasons such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, parenting-child relationship issues, and trauma. But one reason remains the same: the desire for change. I acknowledge that change can be sometimes scary and difficult to confront. I'm here to help you through this process. My goal is to provide a safe and warm environment for us to work as a team to address what's going on in your life. I believe everyone deserves a space and opportunity to be heard and understood.
People come into therapy for many reasons such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, parenting-child relationship issues, and trauma. But one reason remains the same: the desire for change. I acknowledge that change can be sometimes scary and difficult to confront. I'm here to help you through this process. My goal is to provide a safe and warm environment for us to work as a team to address what's going on in your life. I believe everyone deserves a space and opportunity to be heard and understood.
(310) 879-5591 View (310) 879-5591
Photo of Mariah Guidry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Redondo Beach, CA
Mariah Guidry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Redondo Beach, CA 90277
Hello! My name is Mariah Guidry and I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I’m mindful that therapy can be a vulnerable experience, that requires trust and connection. I strive to provide support and guidance while assisting others with processing experiences and navigating challenges.
Hello! My name is Mariah Guidry and I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I’m mindful that therapy can be a vulnerable experience, that requires trust and connection. I strive to provide support and guidance while assisting others with processing experiences and navigating challenges.
(310) 896-4968 View (310) 896-4968

See more therapy options for Redondo Beach

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Redondo Beach, CA

500+

Average cost per session

$191

Therapists in Redondo Beach, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
69% Grief
66% Stress
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Aetna
53% Cigna and Evernorth
50% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Redondo Beach, CA see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Redondo Beach?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.