Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Andy Lavine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Andy Lavine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families. If you've encountered tough experiences, difficulties in work and relationships, traumas, or addiction, I am available to help. I've done extensive work at the crossroads of trauma and mental health, and specialize in helping clients move from crisis into stabilization. I use modalities such as attachment focused EMDR, IFS, DBT skills, somatic interventions and insight oriented talk therapy. I am here to partner with you so that we can work together to help you feel better. Getting you to a place where you can live the life you want to is my primary goal!
I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families. If you've encountered tough experiences, difficulties in work and relationships, traumas, or addiction, I am available to help. I've done extensive work at the crossroads of trauma and mental health, and specialize in helping clients move from crisis into stabilization. I use modalities such as attachment focused EMDR, IFS, DBT skills, somatic interventions and insight oriented talk therapy. I am here to partner with you so that we can work together to help you feel better. Getting you to a place where you can live the life you want to is my primary goal!
(415) 936-1910 View (415) 936-1910
Photo of Ricka L. White-Soso, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Ricka L. White-Soso
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, BIP, CEAT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
Not accepting new clients
Living well - mind, body & spirit - is the goal many strive for daily. However, sometimes life throws you a curve ball and you find it hard to keep all the balls of life going. Working as a professional Social Worker for many years in hospitals and various other settings has afforded me the opportunity to have extensive experiences with clients that have had multiple needs. My specialties include: general life adjustments, crisis intervention, grief and loss, substance abuse, trauma, mild to chronic medical conditions and illnesses, interpersonal violence (Domestic Violence, Abuse and Sexual Assault), community violence, re-entry and adoption/foster care issues.
Living well - mind, body & spirit - is the goal many strive for daily. However, sometimes life throws you a curve ball and you find it hard to keep all the balls of life going. Working as a professional Social Worker for many years in hospitals and various other settings has afforded me the opportunity to have extensive experiences with clients that have had multiple needs. My specialties include: general life adjustments, crisis intervention, grief and loss, substance abuse, trauma, mild to chronic medical conditions and illnesses, interpersonal violence (Domestic Violence, Abuse and Sexual Assault), community violence, re-entry and adoption/foster care issues.
(510) 221-6652 View (510) 221-6652
Photo of Peter V. Curtin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Peter V. Curtin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Clients generally come to me because they are experiencing disruption to their lives due to their use of, or a loved ones use of, drugs and/or alcohol, significant anxiety and stress challenges or have suffered a trauma which is preventing them from living the life that they want to be able to live.
Clients generally come to me because they are experiencing disruption to their lives due to their use of, or a loved ones use of, drugs and/or alcohol, significant anxiety and stress challenges or have suffered a trauma which is preventing them from living the life that they want to be able to live.
(510) 588-5869 View (510) 588-5869
Photo of Jose Guadalupe Hurtado, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jose Guadalupe Hurtado
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94605
Are you experiencing depression, anger, anxiety issues? I am a Spanish speaking Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 10 years experience of working with adults, adolescents, and families who have experienced trauma, abuse, and crime victimization. I am experienced in crisis intervention, conflict resolution, individual, and family therapy. I support families with gang membership issues and individuals out of the prison system; including abused, neglected and trauma or community violence impacted families. I have worked with anxiety, depression, individuals with suicide attempts, addiction and DUI issues. Mondays and Saturdays
Are you experiencing depression, anger, anxiety issues? I am a Spanish speaking Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 10 years experience of working with adults, adolescents, and families who have experienced trauma, abuse, and crime victimization. I am experienced in crisis intervention, conflict resolution, individual, and family therapy. I support families with gang membership issues and individuals out of the prison system; including abused, neglected and trauma or community violence impacted families. I have worked with anxiety, depression, individuals with suicide attempts, addiction and DUI issues. Mondays and Saturdays
(831) 534-9295 View (831) 534-9295
Photo of Mary Deyo, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Mary Deyo
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
Anyone who is currently struggling with emotional pain and wanting to change, is my ideal client. I am here to guide you through a journey into your mind and heart, to help you face your greatest fears, and discover your unimaginable strength. Out of the ashes, rises the phoenix and out of a personal crisis, comes tremendous growth and healing. Whether you are dealing with mood swings, depression, anxiety, addiction, panic, trauma or relationship issues, I am here to help.
Anyone who is currently struggling with emotional pain and wanting to change, is my ideal client. I am here to guide you through a journey into your mind and heart, to help you face your greatest fears, and discover your unimaginable strength. Out of the ashes, rises the phoenix and out of a personal crisis, comes tremendous growth and healing. Whether you are dealing with mood swings, depression, anxiety, addiction, panic, trauma or relationship issues, I am here to help.
(707) 663-4250 View (707) 663-4250
Photo of Tayina Fenelus, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Oakland, CA
Tayina Fenelus
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Axis Mundi would like to present Tayina Fenelus: Tayina is a Marriage and Family Therapist Trainee and is supervised weekly by Natalie Webster, LMFT 126065. You might be dealing with life's challenges, just like we all are, and are on the lookout for a space where you can truly be yourself and see a face that looks like yours. What you need is connection, healing, and a place where you won't feel judged. Your goal isn't just to tackle immediate issues, it's to create a cozy spot for self-discovery and growth. You're not after your typical therapy—you want something deeper, a mix of everyday life and something more profound.
Axis Mundi would like to present Tayina Fenelus: Tayina is a Marriage and Family Therapist Trainee and is supervised weekly by Natalie Webster, LMFT 126065. You might be dealing with life's challenges, just like we all are, and are on the lookout for a space where you can truly be yourself and see a face that looks like yours. What you need is connection, healing, and a place where you won't feel judged. Your goal isn't just to tackle immediate issues, it's to create a cozy spot for self-discovery and growth. You're not after your typical therapy—you want something deeper, a mix of everyday life and something more profound.
(510) 319-1427 View (510) 319-1427
Photo of Hannah Michele Raiden-Wright, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Hannah Michele Raiden-Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPH
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
Sometimes, things happen in life that cause us significant pain, whether this stems from early life experiences, life transitions, mental illness, interpersonal difficulties or unexpected crisis. Navigating through these experiences in a therapeutic setting can make the difference between tolerating the pain (or even resorting to methods of easing the pain that create more problems) and coming through it more resilient with the ability to live a life with meaning.
Sometimes, things happen in life that cause us significant pain, whether this stems from early life experiences, life transitions, mental illness, interpersonal difficulties or unexpected crisis. Navigating through these experiences in a therapeutic setting can make the difference between tolerating the pain (or even resorting to methods of easing the pain that create more problems) and coming through it more resilient with the ability to live a life with meaning.
(510) 617-1650 View (510) 617-1650
Photo of Naomi Z Corwin, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Naomi Z Corwin
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Are you wanting to experience more ease and happiness? I want to congratulate you on taking the first steps towards finding someone to come alongside you during this time. Maybe you are experiencing a big life change like the end of a relationship, a change in your career, a move, or a recent loss. Maybe you have often found comfort in spirituality and nature but still have a sense that something is still missing. Maybe you feel the weight of these last few years of covid. We have all been through a lot!
Are you wanting to experience more ease and happiness? I want to congratulate you on taking the first steps towards finding someone to come alongside you during this time. Maybe you are experiencing a big life change like the end of a relationship, a change in your career, a move, or a recent loss. Maybe you have often found comfort in spirituality and nature but still have a sense that something is still missing. Maybe you feel the weight of these last few years of covid. We have all been through a lot!
(510) 890-0113 View (510) 890-0113
Photo of Tecsia Evans, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Tecsia Evans
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Dr. Evans at Your Therapy Now, provides quality clinical and assessment services for the everyday person. Our focus is to collaborate with you and identify concrete goals for your emotional health, create a plan that helps you achieve these goals and provide a supportive space that empowers you along the way. Our model is simple: therapy is meant to equip you with the tools you need, as you need them, to make the changes you desire to see in your life.
Dr. Evans at Your Therapy Now, provides quality clinical and assessment services for the everyday person. Our focus is to collaborate with you and identify concrete goals for your emotional health, create a plan that helps you achieve these goals and provide a supportive space that empowers you along the way. Our model is simple: therapy is meant to equip you with the tools you need, as you need them, to make the changes you desire to see in your life.
(510) 369-1495 View (510) 369-1495
Photo of Cathy A Thompson, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Cathy A Thompson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with folks who need support in managing a wide variety of issues from self-esteem and identity concerns to the stress of dealing with multiple roles, relationships, and life demands (as students, partners, friends, parents, new professionals, family members, community activists, etc.) My clinical interests include multicultural and women's issues, racial/ethnic identity development (especially among biracial/multi-racial/ethnic/cultural individuals), sexual and gender identity development, adjustment and transition issues, and building healthy relationships through assertive communication and positive self-esteem.
I enjoy working with folks who need support in managing a wide variety of issues from self-esteem and identity concerns to the stress of dealing with multiple roles, relationships, and life demands (as students, partners, friends, parents, new professionals, family members, community activists, etc.) My clinical interests include multicultural and women's issues, racial/ethnic identity development (especially among biracial/multi-racial/ethnic/cultural individuals), sexual and gender identity development, adjustment and transition issues, and building healthy relationships through assertive communication and positive self-esteem.
(858) 925-5901 View (858) 925-5901
Photo of Tayyibah Chase, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Tayyibah Chase
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94619  (Online Only)
I offer clients a comfortable space to be their authentic selves in a world that often doesn't support authenticity. I believe in the importance of exploring the various aspects of our identities, both visible and invisible. We talk about the impacts of culture and relationships on your emotional well-being. Together we might explore relationship and attachment patterns and identify ways to make shifts. With a background in expressive arts therapy, I utilize creative approaches such as writing and drawing to process emotions. I also introduce practical skill building, so that you have tangible tools to walk away with.
I offer clients a comfortable space to be their authentic selves in a world that often doesn't support authenticity. I believe in the importance of exploring the various aspects of our identities, both visible and invisible. We talk about the impacts of culture and relationships on your emotional well-being. Together we might explore relationship and attachment patterns and identify ways to make shifts. With a background in expressive arts therapy, I utilize creative approaches such as writing and drawing to process emotions. I also introduce practical skill building, so that you have tangible tools to walk away with.
(510) 390-7486 View (510) 390-7486
Photo of Kristina Modeste, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Kristina Modeste
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
I offer my services to individuals, couples, and all polyamorous configurations. This is an affirming space for clients identifying as 2LGBTQIA+, kinksters, sex workers, and non-monogamous. My aim is not just to return you to functioning, but to amplify the innate wisdom existing in you, while guiding you towards an authentic version of wellness in alignment with your goals. Together, we will collaborate on how to best Our work together will be collaborative, prioritize your psychological safety, and hold space for curiosity, play, and self-celebration!
I offer my services to individuals, couples, and all polyamorous configurations. This is an affirming space for clients identifying as 2LGBTQIA+, kinksters, sex workers, and non-monogamous. My aim is not just to return you to functioning, but to amplify the innate wisdom existing in you, while guiding you towards an authentic version of wellness in alignment with your goals. Together, we will collaborate on how to best Our work together will be collaborative, prioritize your psychological safety, and hold space for curiosity, play, and self-celebration!
(510) 254-3783 View (510) 254-3783
Photo of Sara Lesser, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sara Lesser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
If you are struggling with difficult feelings or situations I might be able to help. I enjoy connecting with clients and getting to know the uniqueness of each person I work with. I can help you make sense of your life experiences and together we can find new ways for you to be able to cope better and feel more fulfilled in your life. I really enjoy helping people to thrive and become more authentically themselves. My style is collaborative, genuine and interactive. I believe humor can be an important part of getting through difficult times.
If you are struggling with difficult feelings or situations I might be able to help. I enjoy connecting with clients and getting to know the uniqueness of each person I work with. I can help you make sense of your life experiences and together we can find new ways for you to be able to cope better and feel more fulfilled in your life. I really enjoy helping people to thrive and become more authentically themselves. My style is collaborative, genuine and interactive. I believe humor can be an important part of getting through difficult times.
(510) 878-4008 View (510) 878-4008
Photo of Lynnell Morris Sow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lynnell Morris Sow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607
I believe life is a journey over mountains and through valleys. At any point along the way a large or small obstacle may seem to obstruct the path and potentially end one's journey. Learning techniques to go over or around obstacles can thus become a valued life skill. Helping people learn the skills to navigate through life's good and not so good times is what therapy is for.
I believe life is a journey over mountains and through valleys. At any point along the way a large or small obstacle may seem to obstruct the path and potentially end one's journey. Learning techniques to go over or around obstacles can thus become a valued life skill. Helping people learn the skills to navigate through life's good and not so good times is what therapy is for.
(510) 953-4270 View (510) 953-4270
Photo of Joan Davidson, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Joan Davidson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Adults struggling with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety (panic, social anxiety, worry, and generalized anxiety), life problems and transitions, stress, or BFRBs such as hair pulling and skin picking. Clients interested in better understanding their problems and using cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and evidence-based treatment strategies to address them. Ideally, clients interested in changing current patterns and learning life-long tools to maintain healthy, more adaptive ways of responding to triggers of their problems.
Adults struggling with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety (panic, social anxiety, worry, and generalized anxiety), life problems and transitions, stress, or BFRBs such as hair pulling and skin picking. Clients interested in better understanding their problems and using cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and evidence-based treatment strategies to address them. Ideally, clients interested in changing current patterns and learning life-long tools to maintain healthy, more adaptive ways of responding to triggers of their problems.
(510) 876-9104 x2 View (510) 876-9104 x2
Photo of Andrea Baxter, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Andrea Baxter
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I help people unwind places of stuckness or struggle in life, through working with ways the past may be influencing the present and impeding your capacity to thrive. My intention is to meet you where you are at: whether you have a need related to a specific challenge such as anxiety or depression, are facing a time of stress or transition, or are ready to devote time to intentional change in your life. I work with both individuals and couples.
I help people unwind places of stuckness or struggle in life, through working with ways the past may be influencing the present and impeding your capacity to thrive. My intention is to meet you where you are at: whether you have a need related to a specific challenge such as anxiety or depression, are facing a time of stress or transition, or are ready to devote time to intentional change in your life. I work with both individuals and couples.
(628) 214-2129 View (628) 214-2129
Photo of Shirley Wong, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Shirley Wong
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MASW, MAC, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607
Do you often feel weighed down by feelings of anxiety? If you find it difficult to make friends or experience loneliness, come talk to me. Together, we will work on strategies that allow you to address your difficulties and build meaningful social connections. I am there to walk beside you, listen and offer you my insights, and support you as together we look into whatever it is you bring. Counseling can help you to explore your difficulties and understand the emotions behind them. The process aims to help you find ways of managing your life, perhaps by seeing things differently or gaining a deeper understanding.
Do you often feel weighed down by feelings of anxiety? If you find it difficult to make friends or experience loneliness, come talk to me. Together, we will work on strategies that allow you to address your difficulties and build meaningful social connections. I am there to walk beside you, listen and offer you my insights, and support you as together we look into whatever it is you bring. Counseling can help you to explore your difficulties and understand the emotions behind them. The process aims to help you find ways of managing your life, perhaps by seeing things differently or gaining a deeper understanding.
(510) 737-5476 View (510) 737-5476
Photo of Aneta Coufalova, Psychological Associate in Oakland, CA
Aneta Coufalova
Psychological Associate, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
Do you feel as though your partner listens but doesn’t really hear you? Have you ever felt as though your past is haunting you even though you try so hard to change or stay positive? Do your attempts to silence negative thoughts only intensify them? You are not condemned to endless suffering. You do not have to give up on your happiness. Instead, consider that the challenges you encounter are not here to defeat you, but rather are crucial signals that some part of your life is out of balance. Let me help you make inner peace with your feelings so you can stop rejecting yourself and instead discover the strength you have within you.
Do you feel as though your partner listens but doesn’t really hear you? Have you ever felt as though your past is haunting you even though you try so hard to change or stay positive? Do your attempts to silence negative thoughts only intensify them? You are not condemned to endless suffering. You do not have to give up on your happiness. Instead, consider that the challenges you encounter are not here to defeat you, but rather are crucial signals that some part of your life is out of balance. Let me help you make inner peace with your feelings so you can stop rejecting yourself and instead discover the strength you have within you.
(510) 529-3835 View (510) 529-3835
Photo of Brian S. Sedgeley, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Brian S. Sedgeley
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
Waitlist for new clients
Feeling success has alienated you from others? Feeling that satisfaction is illusive, despite having all the markers of a good life? Anxious or depressed? Worried that all will crumble around you? Relationships feeling transactional? Want to find help making big life changes? I can help
Feeling success has alienated you from others? Feeling that satisfaction is illusive, despite having all the markers of a good life? Anxious or depressed? Worried that all will crumble around you? Relationships feeling transactional? Want to find help making big life changes? I can help
(510) 374-4821 View (510) 374-4821
Photo of Jacqui Ferraiolo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jacqui Ferraiolo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
Limited spots available, please reach out for details: Individual, Couples/Relationship, Teen Counseling. LGBTQIA+, Poly, Sex-Positive, & Kink friendly. Folks tend to come to me when they are feeling stuck around their anxiety or depression. They usually are holding questions around their sexuality/identity, life transitions, and processing grief or loss. They know that they have the wisdom to resolve these feelings inside, but they are feeling stuck on how to access them. Everything feels a little garbled, and I help them clear the way to access the answers to the questions they are holding.
Limited spots available, please reach out for details: Individual, Couples/Relationship, Teen Counseling. LGBTQIA+, Poly, Sex-Positive, & Kink friendly. Folks tend to come to me when they are feeling stuck around their anxiety or depression. They usually are holding questions around their sexuality/identity, life transitions, and processing grief or loss. They know that they have the wisdom to resolve these feelings inside, but they are feeling stuck on how to access them. Everything feels a little garbled, and I help them clear the way to access the answers to the questions they are holding.
(510) 588-3682 View (510) 588-3682

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
49% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.