Therapists in Seattle, WA

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Photo of Maggie Riley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Maggie Riley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98107  (Online Only)
There is so much inherent power in who you are as a person, and I am here to bear witness to your process of becoming, with and for you, to help you embrace ways of being that fit with who you want to be and how you want to live. I seek to affirm what you experience now and what you carry with you from the past from an attuned, compassionate, nonjudgmental place. I am committed to my own continuous learning and growing, and firmly believe in the wisdom that you hold as an expert of your own lived experiences.
There is so much inherent power in who you are as a person, and I am here to bear witness to your process of becoming, with and for you, to help you embrace ways of being that fit with who you want to be and how you want to live. I seek to affirm what you experience now and what you carry with you from the past from an attuned, compassionate, nonjudgmental place. I am committed to my own continuous learning and growing, and firmly believe in the wisdom that you hold as an expert of your own lived experiences.
(206) 829-6136 View (206) 829-6136
Photo of Anjulie Semenchuk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Anjulie Semenchuk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98122  (Online Only)
I look forward to helping you through life's stresses and anxieties. I believe we are all moving through life learning new things and that from time to time we are faced with challenges that may require extra assistance. I am happy to partner with you to find the tools you need to deal with these challenges effectively.  To learn more about me visit my website alpiniacounseling.com
I look forward to helping you through life's stresses and anxieties. I believe we are all moving through life learning new things and that from time to time we are faced with challenges that may require extra assistance. I am happy to partner with you to find the tools you need to deal with these challenges effectively.  To learn more about me visit my website alpiniacounseling.com
(206) 984-6606 View (206) 984-6606
Photo of Carolann Freedman in Seattle, WA
Carolann Freedman
MA, LMHC, NCC, NBCCH
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98105
As a clinical therapist, I help people who are struggling with feelings of anxiety, depression and loss. I teach my clients to practice what I call "the reverse golden rule": treat yourself as you would treat others! We are often so critical of ourselves, while with a friend we would be kind, supportive, compassionate. My 20+ years of experience have given me the tools to work using an eclectic approach that I tailor to each client. I offer a comfortable, safe environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings, where you can feel heard, understood and validated.
As a clinical therapist, I help people who are struggling with feelings of anxiety, depression and loss. I teach my clients to practice what I call "the reverse golden rule": treat yourself as you would treat others! We are often so critical of ourselves, while with a friend we would be kind, supportive, compassionate. My 20+ years of experience have given me the tools to work using an eclectic approach that I tailor to each client. I offer a comfortable, safe environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings, where you can feel heard, understood and validated.
(206) 999-3883 View (206) 999-3883
Photo of Jennifer C Kogut in Seattle, WA
Jennifer C Kogut
aHCH
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98136  (Online Only)
What do you want to become? Would you like to release from triggers and live more on purpose? Do you want to shift your mindset and achieve more from life? Maybe make a life change or believe in yourself more! Learn to access your own wisdom and inner clarity and make decision-making fun. Hypnotherapy and change coaching are powerful methods for supporting you to change, so you can become who you really were meant to be.
What do you want to become? Would you like to release from triggers and live more on purpose? Do you want to shift your mindset and achieve more from life? Maybe make a life change or believe in yourself more! Learn to access your own wisdom and inner clarity and make decision-making fun. Hypnotherapy and change coaching are powerful methods for supporting you to change, so you can become who you really were meant to be.
(206) 207-9267 View (206) 207-9267
Q Valdez
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98122  (Online Only)
I understand that the world can feel overwhelming and I’m here to support you throughout your healing journey and to explore the challenges you are facing. I serve individuals from a wide variety of backgrounds and I strive to provide a compassionate and inclusive space for you to be seen, heard, and share your story. I am passionate about helping people to navigate uncertainty, anxiety, loss, trauma, and life transitions. My approach is centered on culturally responsive and trauma informed care.
I understand that the world can feel overwhelming and I’m here to support you throughout your healing journey and to explore the challenges you are facing. I serve individuals from a wide variety of backgrounds and I strive to provide a compassionate and inclusive space for you to be seen, heard, and share your story. I am passionate about helping people to navigate uncertainty, anxiety, loss, trauma, and life transitions. My approach is centered on culturally responsive and trauma informed care.
(206) 759-2803 View (206) 759-2803
Photo of Nick K Nordberg, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Nick K Nordberg
Counselor, MA, LMHC, MHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98119
I believe humans are best seen through our relationships: with our parents, siblings, friends; with those who harmed us and even the relationships between the different parts of our self. Where difficult relationships have caused pain, healthy relationships can facilitate healing. I believe counseling can be one such relationship. I have worked with people of all ages, and particularly enjoy working with teens and young adults. I work well with a number of mental health challenges, such as: depression, anxiety, trauma, grief as well difficulty adjusting to life stressors and transitions.
I believe humans are best seen through our relationships: with our parents, siblings, friends; with those who harmed us and even the relationships between the different parts of our self. Where difficult relationships have caused pain, healthy relationships can facilitate healing. I believe counseling can be one such relationship. I have worked with people of all ages, and particularly enjoy working with teens and young adults. I work well with a number of mental health challenges, such as: depression, anxiety, trauma, grief as well difficulty adjusting to life stressors and transitions.
(425) 470-5646 View (425) 470-5646
Photo of Erin Roberts, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Erin Roberts
Counselor, MA, LMHC, RPT, CMHS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98116
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in providing counseling services to children aged 3-12 & their families. Childhood is an extraordinary time of growth and change, and often it can be hard to know when extra support may be needed. Many times, the first step is in supporting parents in understanding the current challenge. I strive to witness each child/family uniquely while building a safe therapeutic relationship. My approach to therapy is warm, creative, and playful. I view caregivers as an important part of the treatment process and carve out space to meet with them routinely. To learn more about me & my practice, please visit: umbrellabaytherapy.com.
I specialize in providing counseling services to children aged 3-12 & their families. Childhood is an extraordinary time of growth and change, and often it can be hard to know when extra support may be needed. Many times, the first step is in supporting parents in understanding the current challenge. I strive to witness each child/family uniquely while building a safe therapeutic relationship. My approach to therapy is warm, creative, and playful. I view caregivers as an important part of the treatment process and carve out space to meet with them routinely. To learn more about me & my practice, please visit: umbrellabaytherapy.com.
(206) 895-6249 View (206) 895-6249
Photo of Ciera Coyan, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Seattle, WA
Ciera Coyan
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98122  (Online Only)
I typically work with anxious, hyper-vigilant, perfectionistic, self critical people. People who can get exhausted by their own brains. People who are ready to step away from trying to "fix" themselves. You are not a problem that needs to be solved. You're not broken, so there's nothing to fix. You are a person who deserves to be seen, understood, and loved. You might have developed hyper-vigilance because you're neurodivergent in a world built for neurotypicals. Maybe you grew up in a high demand religion that taught you to exert intense control over yourself. Maybe you're a person living under the strain of systemic oppression.
I typically work with anxious, hyper-vigilant, perfectionistic, self critical people. People who can get exhausted by their own brains. People who are ready to step away from trying to "fix" themselves. You are not a problem that needs to be solved. You're not broken, so there's nothing to fix. You are a person who deserves to be seen, understood, and loved. You might have developed hyper-vigilance because you're neurodivergent in a world built for neurotypicals. Maybe you grew up in a high demand religion that taught you to exert intense control over yourself. Maybe you're a person living under the strain of systemic oppression.
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Photo of Julie DeBoer, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Julie DeBoer
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98125  (Online Only)
I believe that often, our deepest experiences of harm and trauma take place within relationships, and the ways that others relate to us has an enormous impact on the ways we learn to relate to ourselves. My work with clients often centers around exploring and integrating past experiences of harm, and through this, inviting clients to new ways of relating to themselves in the present. I am passionate about helping clients grow in self-awareness, courage, and self-compassion.
I believe that often, our deepest experiences of harm and trauma take place within relationships, and the ways that others relate to us has an enormous impact on the ways we learn to relate to ourselves. My work with clients often centers around exploring and integrating past experiences of harm, and through this, inviting clients to new ways of relating to themselves in the present. I am passionate about helping clients grow in self-awareness, courage, and self-compassion.
(206) 737-0935 View (206) 737-0935
Photo of Adrian Lott, Marriage & Family Therapist in Seattle, WA
Adrian Lott
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98168  (Online Only)
*Currently accepting new clients* I believe that our lives are constructed through stories, and the messages we take from these stories might be helpful or hurtful. I will work with you collaboratively to identify, clarify, and create the change you are looking for in your life and relationships. My goal is to create a space that is warm, welcoming, and accepting. I work with people who wish to clarify and express their emotions, deepen intimacy in relationships, and shift their connection to people in their lives. Whether you are building a relationship, working through hurt, or deciding to part ways, I am here to support you.
*Currently accepting new clients* I believe that our lives are constructed through stories, and the messages we take from these stories might be helpful or hurtful. I will work with you collaboratively to identify, clarify, and create the change you are looking for in your life and relationships. My goal is to create a space that is warm, welcoming, and accepting. I work with people who wish to clarify and express their emotions, deepen intimacy in relationships, and shift their connection to people in their lives. Whether you are building a relationship, working through hurt, or deciding to part ways, I am here to support you.
(206) 759-5502 View (206) 759-5502
Photo of Ruth Bryan, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Seattle, WA
Ruth Bryan
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98101
Accepting New Clients. As a sex and relationship therapist, I bring a somatic perspective to sessions: highlighting the nervous system, locating feelings in the body, and developing skills for increased pleasure and embodiment. My primary focus is relationships, including relationship to others, community, self, the body, and the natural world. I believe that connecting with ourselves leads to a deeper connection with others, and I practice both individual and relational therapy. In session, I invite deeper conversations around sexuality and gender, which are foundational aspects of who we are and how we express ourselves.
Accepting New Clients. As a sex and relationship therapist, I bring a somatic perspective to sessions: highlighting the nervous system, locating feelings in the body, and developing skills for increased pleasure and embodiment. My primary focus is relationships, including relationship to others, community, self, the body, and the natural world. I believe that connecting with ourselves leads to a deeper connection with others, and I practice both individual and relational therapy. In session, I invite deeper conversations around sexuality and gender, which are foundational aspects of who we are and how we express ourselves.
(425) 842-1288 View (425) 842-1288
Photo of Michael Rubbinaccio, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Seattle, WA
Michael Rubbinaccio
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98101  (Online Only)
I specialize in couples/relationships, communication issues, sex therapy, and grief and loss, as well as anxiety and sex therapy for individuals. Finding a therapist you feel comfortable with is an important part of the process, and I look forward to meeting with you.
I specialize in couples/relationships, communication issues, sex therapy, and grief and loss, as well as anxiety and sex therapy for individuals. Finding a therapist you feel comfortable with is an important part of the process, and I look forward to meeting with you.
(206) 681-1384 View (206) 681-1384
Photo of Ali Afrasiabi, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Ali Afrasiabi
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98101  (Online Only)
I will meet you where you are and guide you in a safe and supportive space as you process life’s challenges and transform your life. My philosophy is that therapy is just as much about shining a light on the strengths that we already have, as it is about bridging the gap in certain deficits we may be dealing with.
I will meet you where you are and guide you in a safe and supportive space as you process life’s challenges and transform your life. My philosophy is that therapy is just as much about shining a light on the strengths that we already have, as it is about bridging the gap in certain deficits we may be dealing with.
(206) 620-1423 View (206) 620-1423
Photo of Charlie Todaro, Pre-Licensed Professional in Seattle, WA
Charlie Todaro
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98105
My desire to support others and a lifelong passion for sports are the core reasons why I entered the fields of clinical and sport psychology. I believe in collaborative care - you drive the bus and I am a passenger providing support along the way. I utilize a relational approach, bringing a genuine sense of self in supporting clients openly and authentically. I am practical and integrative, make room for trial and error, and strive to help clients build skills that work for their needs. My goal is to understand your experience, learn your needs, and provide a supportive space for growth and change.
My desire to support others and a lifelong passion for sports are the core reasons why I entered the fields of clinical and sport psychology. I believe in collaborative care - you drive the bus and I am a passenger providing support along the way. I utilize a relational approach, bringing a genuine sense of self in supporting clients openly and authentically. I am practical and integrative, make room for trial and error, and strive to help clients build skills that work for their needs. My goal is to understand your experience, learn your needs, and provide a supportive space for growth and change.
(512) 675-1304 View (512) 675-1304
Photo of Al Kent-Guerra, Pre-Licensed Professional in Seattle, WA
Al Kent-Guerra
Pre-Licensed Professional, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98119  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself unable to settle into the present moment? Are you finding your mind racing with thoughts about the past, operating on autopilot, or on continued problem-solving/planning-mode? If so, you might benefit from biopsychosocial mental health interventions based on mindfulness. By using readily available resources in your environment, we can explore what it means to have a life in which you are able to savor the fullness of every passing moment, while also recognizing the ways in which your body communicates different emotions, and how different thoughts impact your body.
Do you find yourself unable to settle into the present moment? Are you finding your mind racing with thoughts about the past, operating on autopilot, or on continued problem-solving/planning-mode? If so, you might benefit from biopsychosocial mental health interventions based on mindfulness. By using readily available resources in your environment, we can explore what it means to have a life in which you are able to savor the fullness of every passing moment, while also recognizing the ways in which your body communicates different emotions, and how different thoughts impact your body.
(206) 350-3520 View (206) 350-3520
Photo of Lily C Munavu, Psychologist in Seattle, WA
Lily C Munavu
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98166  (Online Only)
I enjoy working collaboratively with my clients, helping each to develop the specific and unique tools necessary to cultivate a more satisfying and fulfilling life. My approach is to first actively listen, gaining a thorough understanding of the history of the situation and symptoms, the presenting challenges, and any other influences such as family history, cultural or racial factors, chronic illness, and economic stressors. We will then work together to identify treatment goals and ways to reach them. I work with a broad spectrum of clients ranging in age from 16 and above, offering individual, couples, and family therapy.
I enjoy working collaboratively with my clients, helping each to develop the specific and unique tools necessary to cultivate a more satisfying and fulfilling life. My approach is to first actively listen, gaining a thorough understanding of the history of the situation and symptoms, the presenting challenges, and any other influences such as family history, cultural or racial factors, chronic illness, and economic stressors. We will then work together to identify treatment goals and ways to reach them. I work with a broad spectrum of clients ranging in age from 16 and above, offering individual, couples, and family therapy.
(206) 590-3431 View (206) 590-3431
Photo of Jennifer A Kittleson, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Jennifer A Kittleson
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98115  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
*Full and not taking clients at this time*Welcome! I am a licensed mental health counselor. My practice area of focus is on women and caregivers. Issues I work with include life transitions, relationship dynamics, parenting, pregnancy and postpartum. I often work with caregivers and individuals who may identify with patterns of being emotionally sensitive and highly attuned to others. Clients who come to me are motivated to learn more about themselves and to notice repeating patterns and dynamics in their life. The therapy frameworks I turn to most often include psychodynamic, existential and mindfulness approaches.
*Full and not taking clients at this time*Welcome! I am a licensed mental health counselor. My practice area of focus is on women and caregivers. Issues I work with include life transitions, relationship dynamics, parenting, pregnancy and postpartum. I often work with caregivers and individuals who may identify with patterns of being emotionally sensitive and highly attuned to others. Clients who come to me are motivated to learn more about themselves and to notice repeating patterns and dynamics in their life. The therapy frameworks I turn to most often include psychodynamic, existential and mindfulness approaches.
(206) 929-4409 View (206) 929-4409
Photo of Bonnie Walchuk at Dream Big Wellness, Marriage & Family Therapist in Seattle, WA
Bonnie Walchuk at Dream Big Wellness
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98125
Waitlist for new clients
At Dream Big Wellness we warmly welcome our clients in taking this step to find support and compassionate care. We are a team of licensed and experienced clinicians in WA state & nationally registered art therapists. We specialize in supporting people impacted by cancer, medical illness, chronic illness/pain, trauma, stress, bereavement, grief & loss, adjustment & transition, anxiety & depression. Dream Big Wellness is an Art Therapy & Integrative Wellness 501(c)3 Nonprofit increasing access to mental health care, art therapy, and wellness services through our Pay it Forward Program. www.dreambigwellness.org/pay-it-forward/
At Dream Big Wellness we warmly welcome our clients in taking this step to find support and compassionate care. We are a team of licensed and experienced clinicians in WA state & nationally registered art therapists. We specialize in supporting people impacted by cancer, medical illness, chronic illness/pain, trauma, stress, bereavement, grief & loss, adjustment & transition, anxiety & depression. Dream Big Wellness is an Art Therapy & Integrative Wellness 501(c)3 Nonprofit increasing access to mental health care, art therapy, and wellness services through our Pay it Forward Program. www.dreambigwellness.org/pay-it-forward/
(425) 403-2630 View (425) 403-2630
Photo of Ali Pagan Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Ali Pagan Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98112  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe and compassionate space for you to re-connect with your whole self (body included!) as well as your strengths, and to process through emotions and experiences that feel challenging to face and sort through on your own. As a black mixed race person of color myself, my racial identity is a lens through which I see the work and how I show up in the therapeutic space. I have a special interest in processing through grief for those who have experienced loss of any kind. I utilize calm, reflective listening, somatic awareness, social justice and systems focus, and a strengths-based approach.
My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe and compassionate space for you to re-connect with your whole self (body included!) as well as your strengths, and to process through emotions and experiences that feel challenging to face and sort through on your own. As a black mixed race person of color myself, my racial identity is a lens through which I see the work and how I show up in the therapeutic space. I have a special interest in processing through grief for those who have experienced loss of any kind. I utilize calm, reflective listening, somatic awareness, social justice and systems focus, and a strengths-based approach.
(206) 801-6263 View (206) 801-6263
Photo of Flor Fernandez Barrios, Marriage & Family Therapist in Seattle, WA
Flor Fernandez Barrios
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98109
" We are all broken and wounded in this world. Some choose to grow at the broken places." ~Harold J. Duarte-Bernhardt.~ You had the courage to travel this far in your quest for healing. As a Transpersonal therapist, I believe you are wise and that within you resides the ability to heal from pain and trauma. My role is to be a guide, a facilitator in your process of healing unhealthy patterns of behaviors causing you to feel anxious and depressed. My approach is holistic. I blend many disciplines in search of the most effective way to work with you.
" We are all broken and wounded in this world. Some choose to grow at the broken places." ~Harold J. Duarte-Bernhardt.~ You had the courage to travel this far in your quest for healing. As a Transpersonal therapist, I believe you are wise and that within you resides the ability to heal from pain and trauma. My role is to be a guide, a facilitator in your process of healing unhealthy patterns of behaviors causing you to feel anxious and depressed. My approach is holistic. I blend many disciplines in search of the most effective way to work with you.
(206) 922-8165 View (206) 922-8165

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Seattle, WA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Seattle, WA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
69% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Premera
54% Aetna
47% Regence

How Therapists in Seattle, WA see their clients

51% Online Only
49% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Seattle?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.