Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Deena DiMaria, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Deena DiMaria
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02135
Deena DiMaria is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in anxiety disorders and complex trauma. Deena’s ideal client is seeking a psychotherapist who can help address challenges stemming from anxiety and / or complex trauma. This client values a person-centered approach, whereby the client is met with unconditional positive regard. Additionally, this client is interested in learning skills to manage their symptoms. The client is focused on learning new ways of thinking and being in the world in order to improve their overall well-being.
Deena DiMaria is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in anxiety disorders and complex trauma. Deena’s ideal client is seeking a psychotherapist who can help address challenges stemming from anxiety and / or complex trauma. This client values a person-centered approach, whereby the client is met with unconditional positive regard. Additionally, this client is interested in learning skills to manage their symptoms. The client is focused on learning new ways of thinking and being in the world in order to improve their overall well-being.
(857) 475-7618 View (857) 475-7618
Photo of Jessie Odegard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Jessie Odegard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02118  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that crisis is an opportunity: to be supported, to grow, to create stronger systems, to process experiences. No crisis is too big or too small. Take the opportunity - you're worth it!
I believe that crisis is an opportunity: to be supported, to grow, to create stronger systems, to process experiences. No crisis is too big or too small. Take the opportunity - you're worth it!
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Photo of Andrea Carusona, Counselor in Boston, MA
Andrea Carusona
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02131
Waitlist for new clients
Please reach out to schedule a consultation. I strive to be a very open-minded therapist and enjoy working with motivated individuals who participate in the therapy room. My areas of expertise are assisting clients in managing troubling anxiety, panic, obsessive worry, relational issues, and creating meaningful change in their lives. Generally, I will help you slow down, look inward, notice parts of yourself and how you're feeling toward them, and assist you in resolving inner conflicts from a place of compassion, clarity, and patience.
Please reach out to schedule a consultation. I strive to be a very open-minded therapist and enjoy working with motivated individuals who participate in the therapy room. My areas of expertise are assisting clients in managing troubling anxiety, panic, obsessive worry, relational issues, and creating meaningful change in their lives. Generally, I will help you slow down, look inward, notice parts of yourself and how you're feeling toward them, and assist you in resolving inner conflicts from a place of compassion, clarity, and patience.
(617) 404-2662 View (617) 404-2662
Photo of Marguerite Flynn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Marguerite Flynn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Welcome! It’s a significant step forward! I'm a licensed therapist in Tennessee and Massachusetts. With 5+ years in acute psychiatric settings, I focus on individuals and families. I’m passionate about supporting adolescents, teens, young adults, and their families using personalized, evidence-based techniques. Areas of expertise include: depression, trauma recovery, eating disorders, teens, LGBTQ+, and more. I am seeking clients to collaborate on personalized growth strategies, and navigate life's challenges.
Welcome! It’s a significant step forward! I'm a licensed therapist in Tennessee and Massachusetts. With 5+ years in acute psychiatric settings, I focus on individuals and families. I’m passionate about supporting adolescents, teens, young adults, and their families using personalized, evidence-based techniques. Areas of expertise include: depression, trauma recovery, eating disorders, teens, LGBTQ+, and more. I am seeking clients to collaborate on personalized growth strategies, and navigate life's challenges.
(629) 276-6776 x100 View (629) 276-6776 x100
Photo of Anne Cazzell, Counselor in Boston, MA
Anne Cazzell
Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
Openings for new clients. I specialize in supporting graduate students and young professionals who are experiencing anxiety, stress, and worry and who are facing relational issues and life transitions. Using a person-centered approach, I create a safe space to process your experiences and explore their connection to your emotions, thoughts, and wellbeing. Therapy gives the opportunity to work through challenges and seek greater understanding, peace, and positive change. My role is to offer support, encouragement, and guidance as we collaborate to increase your capacity to cope, reinforce your resiliency, and build on your strengths.
Openings for new clients. I specialize in supporting graduate students and young professionals who are experiencing anxiety, stress, and worry and who are facing relational issues and life transitions. Using a person-centered approach, I create a safe space to process your experiences and explore their connection to your emotions, thoughts, and wellbeing. Therapy gives the opportunity to work through challenges and seek greater understanding, peace, and positive change. My role is to offer support, encouragement, and guidance as we collaborate to increase your capacity to cope, reinforce your resiliency, and build on your strengths.
(857) 374-5935 View (857) 374-5935
Photo of Laura Alvarado, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Laura Alvarado
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116
**Currently Accepting Clients!** In the current environment, it is more important than ever to prioritize your mental and emotional well-being. Regardless of the challenges you are facing in your life, positive change is possible. Using curiosity and compassion to create a safe, supportive and nonjudgmental space, I assist my clients in gaining insight into the underlying issues that are causing their current symptoms. I help my clients identify personal strengths and resources that can help facilitate the change they desire.
**Currently Accepting Clients!** In the current environment, it is more important than ever to prioritize your mental and emotional well-being. Regardless of the challenges you are facing in your life, positive change is possible. Using curiosity and compassion to create a safe, supportive and nonjudgmental space, I assist my clients in gaining insight into the underlying issues that are causing their current symptoms. I help my clients identify personal strengths and resources that can help facilitate the change they desire.
(857) 763-1851 View (857) 763-1851
Photo of Krissy Goodman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Boston, MA
Krissy Goodman
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, LMFT, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02108  (Online Only)
Many people come to therapy feeling stuck or trapped in patterns of behavior or relating, and often hopeless about freeing themselves from these patterns. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process and that we, therapist and client, can work together to become aware of these recurring themes, restore hope, and formulate a pathway to alter whatever is holding you back from having the life you want. This work involves sifting through the past to create the relationships, career, and life clients seek.
Many people come to therapy feeling stuck or trapped in patterns of behavior or relating, and often hopeless about freeing themselves from these patterns. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process and that we, therapist and client, can work together to become aware of these recurring themes, restore hope, and formulate a pathway to alter whatever is holding you back from having the life you want. This work involves sifting through the past to create the relationships, career, and life clients seek.
(339) 201-5048 View (339) 201-5048
Photo of Heather Pantalone, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Heather Pantalone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCDC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
I support my clients to heal and grow. People evolve at their own pace. Therapy supports individual needs. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor, Life Coach, and mentor, I use strength based, supportive therapy with an emphasis on self-awareness, emotional regulation, life skills, interpersonal skills and leveraging personal values. My practice is built on evidence based, trauma informed, positive psychology, mindfullness, ecotherapy and emotional intelligence. I and here to provide a therapeutic atmosphere for you.
I support my clients to heal and grow. People evolve at their own pace. Therapy supports individual needs. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor, Life Coach, and mentor, I use strength based, supportive therapy with an emphasis on self-awareness, emotional regulation, life skills, interpersonal skills and leveraging personal values. My practice is built on evidence based, trauma informed, positive psychology, mindfullness, ecotherapy and emotional intelligence. I and here to provide a therapeutic atmosphere for you.
(214) 306-7204 View (214) 306-7204
Photo of Kimika Watkins-Tashima, Counselor in Boston, MA
Kimika Watkins-Tashima
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
Kimika is a licensed mental health counselor (LMHC) with 15+ years of clinical experience partnering with adults, children, families and couples seeking help with a wide variety of issues. She specializes particularly in treating individuals impacted by trauma including but not limited to attachment issues, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, sociocultural issues, addiction, emotion regulation issues, loss, and life transition.
Kimika is a licensed mental health counselor (LMHC) with 15+ years of clinical experience partnering with adults, children, families and couples seeking help with a wide variety of issues. She specializes particularly in treating individuals impacted by trauma including but not limited to attachment issues, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, sociocultural issues, addiction, emotion regulation issues, loss, and life transition.
(508) 406-7522 View (508) 406-7522
Photo of Andrew Wood, Counselor in Boston, MA
Andrew Wood
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
Currently accepting new patients.... It is through therapy that we come to understand how our experiences make our lives meaningful. Choosing a therapist isn't an easy task; I hope sharing my perspective helps. Over the last decade I have worked at universities, elementary schools, rehabilitation centers and group homes with children and adults from 7-70. These experiences have shown me that the right environment activates our innate capacity to mature and thrive. Therapy is not about "fixing" someone, it's about creating a space that supports growth.
Currently accepting new patients.... It is through therapy that we come to understand how our experiences make our lives meaningful. Choosing a therapist isn't an easy task; I hope sharing my perspective helps. Over the last decade I have worked at universities, elementary schools, rehabilitation centers and group homes with children and adults from 7-70. These experiences have shown me that the right environment activates our innate capacity to mature and thrive. Therapy is not about "fixing" someone, it's about creating a space that supports growth.
(617) 855-1258 View (617) 855-1258
Photo of A. Kiera Fredericksen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
A. Kiera Fredericksen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Everyone’s path to healing is different. With over a decade of experience as a therapist, I am dedicated to supporting individuals on their unique journeys of healing and growth. I understand that every person’s path is different, and I’m here to meet you exactly where you are. My therapeutic approach is warm and interactive, rooted in mindfulness and compassion, while integrating evidence-based therapies tailored to your needs. Drawing from my experiences working with individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, addiction, trauma, and relationship issues, I will help you navigate through life’s challenges and beauty.
Everyone’s path to healing is different. With over a decade of experience as a therapist, I am dedicated to supporting individuals on their unique journeys of healing and growth. I understand that every person’s path is different, and I’m here to meet you exactly where you are. My therapeutic approach is warm and interactive, rooted in mindfulness and compassion, while integrating evidence-based therapies tailored to your needs. Drawing from my experiences working with individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, addiction, trauma, and relationship issues, I will help you navigate through life’s challenges and beauty.
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Photo of Emma De Jesus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Emma De Jesus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My style is warm, compassionate and attentive. I cultivate supportive, affirming space for folks to talk about tough stuff that has happened to them. I specialize in supporting people who are moving through life transitions and/or recovering from traumatic experiences. I feel honored to be invited on individual's healing and growth journeys.
My style is warm, compassionate and attentive. I cultivate supportive, affirming space for folks to talk about tough stuff that has happened to them. I specialize in supporting people who are moving through life transitions and/or recovering from traumatic experiences. I feel honored to be invited on individual's healing and growth journeys.
(857) 858-2164 View (857) 858-2164
Photo of Dr. Joann Toporowski Specialist In Depression And Anxiety, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Dr. Joann Toporowski Specialist In Depression And Anxiety
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Accepting NEW patients w/ PPO plans NOW! Looking from the outside, things look good. You're successful, driven, and high-achieving. But, you're tired of dealing with anxiety and depression. You're feeling burned out, or it's hard to do your job and make important decisions under the stress you constantly feel. You feel overwhelmed, exhausted, and stuck. You want to stop repeating the same patterns that aren't working anymore. But, you don't know what to change, how to change it, how to stop it, or don't have the time to add more to your to-do list. And on top of all that, you're surrounded by people, but still feel alone or lonely.
Accepting NEW patients w/ PPO plans NOW! Looking from the outside, things look good. You're successful, driven, and high-achieving. But, you're tired of dealing with anxiety and depression. You're feeling burned out, or it's hard to do your job and make important decisions under the stress you constantly feel. You feel overwhelmed, exhausted, and stuck. You want to stop repeating the same patterns that aren't working anymore. But, you don't know what to change, how to change it, how to stop it, or don't have the time to add more to your to-do list. And on top of all that, you're surrounded by people, but still feel alone or lonely.
(805) 259-3427 View (805) 259-3427
Photo of Mo Charles, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Mo Charles
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am committed to asking the hard questions that prompt self-reflection and growth, guiding you to recognize and honor your needs, emotions, and values. By establishing healthy boundaries, my wish for you is that you will be empowered to make decisions that resonate with your authentic self, leading you to make decisions that honor your heart as opposed to dishonoring your heart.
I am committed to asking the hard questions that prompt self-reflection and growth, guiding you to recognize and honor your needs, emotions, and values. By establishing healthy boundaries, my wish for you is that you will be empowered to make decisions that resonate with your authentic self, leading you to make decisions that honor your heart as opposed to dishonoring your heart.
(347) 808-5917 View (347) 808-5917
Photo of Eric Rosin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Boston, MA
Eric Rosin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116
I am particularly interested in the intersection of sexuality and emotional intimacy. Some of my clients struggle to love well; others struggle with sex. But all of my clients, perhaps all humans, juggle the sometimes contradictory demands of love and sex. They want to feel safe and loved, but they also want the thrill of adventure. They want to feel known, but they are also intrigued by mystery. They want to feel attached, but they are also turned on by novelty. I enjoy helping individuals and couples explore their potential to find deeper emotional connection and greater sexual freedom.
I am particularly interested in the intersection of sexuality and emotional intimacy. Some of my clients struggle to love well; others struggle with sex. But all of my clients, perhaps all humans, juggle the sometimes contradictory demands of love and sex. They want to feel safe and loved, but they also want the thrill of adventure. They want to feel known, but they are also intrigued by mystery. They want to feel attached, but they are also turned on by novelty. I enjoy helping individuals and couples explore their potential to find deeper emotional connection and greater sexual freedom.
(857) 232-8407 View (857) 232-8407
Photo of Rachel Stanton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Rachel Stanton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
You've experienced sexual assault (and you might find it hard to label it that way). You struggle with intimacy and are worried there might be something wrong with you. You often feel anxious and on edge. Even when things are going well at work or in relationships it feels like you are waiting for something to go wrong. Sometimes during sex you cry, dissociate, or try to just "get through it". You're worried you might never get over the bad things that have happened to you and that on some level you are broken.
You've experienced sexual assault (and you might find it hard to label it that way). You struggle with intimacy and are worried there might be something wrong with you. You often feel anxious and on edge. Even when things are going well at work or in relationships it feels like you are waiting for something to go wrong. Sometimes during sex you cry, dissociate, or try to just "get through it". You're worried you might never get over the bad things that have happened to you and that on some level you are broken.
(857) 420-4710 View (857) 420-4710
Photo of Susan Edwards, LMHC, Counselor in Boston, MA
Susan Edwards, LMHC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02135  (Online Only)
Currently accepting new client inquiries through 5.24.24. Reaching out and asking for help can be one of the most challenging aspects of starting the therapy process. If you have made it this far, you are ready to start. The majority of the clients I work with are aware of the issues they would like to focus on for treatment. With that, my approach tends to be both relational in style and goal-oriented in terms of treatment planning and working toward the best way to assist you in your personal growth and success.
Currently accepting new client inquiries through 5.24.24. Reaching out and asking for help can be one of the most challenging aspects of starting the therapy process. If you have made it this far, you are ready to start. The majority of the clients I work with are aware of the issues they would like to focus on for treatment. With that, my approach tends to be both relational in style and goal-oriented in terms of treatment planning and working toward the best way to assist you in your personal growth and success.
(617) 860-2618 View (617) 860-2618
Photo of Beauvoir Counseling & Coaching LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Beauvoir Counseling & Coaching LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hi there! You did it - you took the first step towards your journey to become a better version of you. I'm Sandy, a licensed therapist with 15+ years of experience helping individuals and families navigate life's challenges, including anxiety and depression. I hold dual master's degrees from Boston University—one in Financial Economics (yeah, numbers are my thing) and the other in Social Work (because people matter most!). During the therapy session, I use a person-centered, and collaborative approach to guide our work together. I prioritize creating a warm and empathetic environment where you feel truly heard and understood.
Hi there! You did it - you took the first step towards your journey to become a better version of you. I'm Sandy, a licensed therapist with 15+ years of experience helping individuals and families navigate life's challenges, including anxiety and depression. I hold dual master's degrees from Boston University—one in Financial Economics (yeah, numbers are my thing) and the other in Social Work (because people matter most!). During the therapy session, I use a person-centered, and collaborative approach to guide our work together. I prioritize creating a warm and empathetic environment where you feel truly heard and understood.
(508) 978-3762 View (508) 978-3762
Photo of Emma Fuini, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Emma Fuini
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02110
Spring 2024 - Accepting New Clients! I utilize a trauma-informed, person-in-environment approach that recognizes the importance of both individual and environmental factors that influence a person's well-being and behavior. There is no "one size fits all" approach, therefore I adopt techniques from varying practice modalities including CBT, psychoanalysis, behavioral therapy, and solutions-focused therapy.
Spring 2024 - Accepting New Clients! I utilize a trauma-informed, person-in-environment approach that recognizes the importance of both individual and environmental factors that influence a person's well-being and behavior. There is no "one size fits all" approach, therefore I adopt techniques from varying practice modalities including CBT, psychoanalysis, behavioral therapy, and solutions-focused therapy.
(617) 362-4483 View (617) 362-4483
Photo of Michael Ruben Relationship Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Michael Ruben Relationship Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
Gain tools to deal with communication issues and conflict resolution. Learn how to recapture the love and spark you once shared in your relationship. Improve sexual and emotional intimacy with your partner. With a wealth of experience, I can help you find solutions to re-establish connection and closeness. I work with couples to resolve conflicts, improve communication, cultivate trust and intimacy, enhance sexual chemistry and romance, and become more compassionate partners. Our happiness is related to our relationships with our significant others. Improving your relationship can make a world of difference to your quality of life.
Gain tools to deal with communication issues and conflict resolution. Learn how to recapture the love and spark you once shared in your relationship. Improve sexual and emotional intimacy with your partner. With a wealth of experience, I can help you find solutions to re-establish connection and closeness. I work with couples to resolve conflicts, improve communication, cultivate trust and intimacy, enhance sexual chemistry and romance, and become more compassionate partners. Our happiness is related to our relationships with our significant others. Improving your relationship can make a world of difference to your quality of life.
(617) 657-2636 View (617) 657-2636

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
59% Aetna

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.