Therapists in Burlington, IA

Photo of Mallori Vogelpohl, Licensed Professional Counselor in Burlington, IA
Mallori Vogelpohl
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Burlington, IA 52601
I believe we all need the right support when it comes to making important changes in our lives, whether that’s improving health, changing careers or deciding to pursue healing from past trauma. My hope is to work with women who are ready and willing to consider what change would look like for them and then identify and execute the steps necessary to achieve it.
I believe we all need the right support when it comes to making important changes in our lives, whether that’s improving health, changing careers or deciding to pursue healing from past trauma. My hope is to work with women who are ready and willing to consider what change would look like for them and then identify and execute the steps necessary to achieve it.
(319) 614-6128 View (319) 614-6128
Photo of Marie May, Counselor in Burlington, IA
Marie May
Counselor, PhD, NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Burlington, IA 52601
As a Worldwide Coach or as a Montana & Iowa Therapist, I help each of us live our best, most authentic life. For over 40 years I have helped people engage with life experiences in ways that naturally decrease neurological distress & increase happiness. My approach changes lives. Clients experience less painful thoughts and feelings and notice clear evidence of growth, phenomenal success and transformation in their lives. Their happiness and satisfaction increases. Life can be full of joy & pain, integrity & missteps, vibrancy & dullness. It really can make a pivotal difference to have a high-quality professional as a partner!
As a Worldwide Coach or as a Montana & Iowa Therapist, I help each of us live our best, most authentic life. For over 40 years I have helped people engage with life experiences in ways that naturally decrease neurological distress & increase happiness. My approach changes lives. Clients experience less painful thoughts and feelings and notice clear evidence of growth, phenomenal success and transformation in their lives. Their happiness and satisfaction increases. Life can be full of joy & pain, integrity & missteps, vibrancy & dullness. It really can make a pivotal difference to have a high-quality professional as a partner!
(319) 729-8228 View (319) 729-8228
Photo of Melanie Perkins Therapy Group Inc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Burlington, IA
Melanie Perkins Therapy Group Inc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, IA 52601
Melanie received her Master's degree in social work from St. Ambrose University. Melanie specializes in using interventions that are logical and practical, while tailored to the individual at the same time. She has a general practice and works with clients age 13 and up for a variety of issues.
Melanie received her Master's degree in social work from St. Ambrose University. Melanie specializes in using interventions that are logical and practical, while tailored to the individual at the same time. She has a general practice and works with clients age 13 and up for a variety of issues.
(319) 255-2458 View (319) 255-2458
Photo of Cyndi Mitchell - Therapy Group Inc., Counselor in Burlington, IA
Cyndi Mitchell - Therapy Group Inc.
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Burlington, IA 52601  (Online Only)
Welcome! I'm Cyndi Mitchell, and I'm honored to join you on your journey toward healing and growth. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with training and experience in CBT, DBT, Art Therapy and Holistic type approaches. I earned my Master's degree in Clinical Counseling from Bellevue University and have since dedicated myself to helping individuals navigate life's challenges with compassion and understanding.
Welcome! I'm Cyndi Mitchell, and I'm honored to join you on your journey toward healing and growth. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with training and experience in CBT, DBT, Art Therapy and Holistic type approaches. I earned my Master's degree in Clinical Counseling from Bellevue University and have since dedicated myself to helping individuals navigate life's challenges with compassion and understanding.
(319) 209-2084 View (319) 209-2084
Photo of Sara Scott Clinical Supervisor-Therapy Group Inc., Counselor in Burlington, IA
Sara Scott Clinical Supervisor-Therapy Group Inc.
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Burlington, IA 52601
I see individuals, families, couples, children and adolescents for a wide variety of issues. I will tailor a treatment plan based on your unique needs and I will meet you where you are on your journey. I utilize a combination of evidence-based treatments that have yielded positive results and are best suited for your needs. Please call our office to schedule at 319-209-2084 or visit our website at therapygroupinc.com
I see individuals, families, couples, children and adolescents for a wide variety of issues. I will tailor a treatment plan based on your unique needs and I will meet you where you are on your journey. I utilize a combination of evidence-based treatments that have yielded positive results and are best suited for your needs. Please call our office to schedule at 319-209-2084 or visit our website at therapygroupinc.com
(319) 209-2084 View (319) 209-2084
Photo of Carmen Ramirez-Kinsey, Mental Health Counselor in Burlington, IA
Carmen Ramirez-Kinsey
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, IA 52601  (Online Only)
As a therapist who provides counseling for those struggling with chronic pain, ADHD, trauma, and anxiety, I have a keen understanding of how these conditions can impact all aspects of an individual's life. The lack of validation around experiences often add to the frustration and isolation. Coping with small and large issues, finding appropriate healthcare, and maintaining social relationships can be difficult. These issues can make it easy to lose sight of one’s goals and feel overwhelmed.
As a therapist who provides counseling for those struggling with chronic pain, ADHD, trauma, and anxiety, I have a keen understanding of how these conditions can impact all aspects of an individual's life. The lack of validation around experiences often add to the frustration and isolation. Coping with small and large issues, finding appropriate healthcare, and maintaining social relationships can be difficult. These issues can make it easy to lose sight of one’s goals and feel overwhelmed.
(515) 216-0007 View (515) 216-0007
Photo of Erin Wolter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Burlington, IA
Erin Wolter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, IA 52601  (Online Only)
I am a licensed independent social worker with over 22 years of diverse experience in the field. With a strong background in working within the school system, I have supported and empowered countless students to overcome challenges and reach their full potential. I also serve as a crisis response interventionist to college students requiring immediate support. My services extend to providing telehealth, I recognize the importance of accessibility and convenience in mental health care and support clients from various backgrounds.
I am a licensed independent social worker with over 22 years of diverse experience in the field. With a strong background in working within the school system, I have supported and empowered countless students to overcome challenges and reach their full potential. I also serve as a crisis response interventionist to college students requiring immediate support. My services extend to providing telehealth, I recognize the importance of accessibility and convenience in mental health care and support clients from various backgrounds.
(319) 432-0789 View (319) 432-0789
Photo of Tiffany M Siefken, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Burlington, IA
Tiffany M Siefken
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMT, LISW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, IA 52601  (Online Only)
Have you ever experienced trauma, compassion fatigue, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, or relationship issues? You may notice you have difficulty sleeping, engaging healthy social experiences, have lost empathy for others, experience nightmares or flashbacks, or you may have difficulty performing daily tasks and job duties. Your confidence has tanked, and now you may have difficulty talking with others, showing up to events, or starting/completing tasks you once were excited for. Whether you are in emergency services or a home-maker, there is help available to you! You do not have to suffer.
Have you ever experienced trauma, compassion fatigue, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, or relationship issues? You may notice you have difficulty sleeping, engaging healthy social experiences, have lost empathy for others, experience nightmares or flashbacks, or you may have difficulty performing daily tasks and job duties. Your confidence has tanked, and now you may have difficulty talking with others, showing up to events, or starting/completing tasks you once were excited for. Whether you are in emergency services or a home-maker, there is help available to you! You do not have to suffer.
(319) 469-8316 View (319) 469-8316
Photo of Abby A Womack, Counselor in Burlington, IA
Abby A Womack
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Burlington, IA 52601
Abby is a fully licensed mental health clinician in Iowa. She is certified in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and specializes in personality disorders, substance use/addictive behaviors, and Christian counseling. Abby also enjoys working with teens and using art-based interventions during in person sessions. Abby will see ages 12 and above both in person in Fort Madison or via telehealth!
Abby is a fully licensed mental health clinician in Iowa. She is certified in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and specializes in personality disorders, substance use/addictive behaviors, and Christian counseling. Abby also enjoys working with teens and using art-based interventions during in person sessions. Abby will see ages 12 and above both in person in Fort Madison or via telehealth!
(319) 432-0551 View (319) 432-0551
Photo of Tana Fourdyce, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Burlington, IA
Tana Fourdyce
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, IA 52601
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain? I'm Tana, a licensed clinical therapist dedicated to guiding individuals and families like you towards healing and growth. With 17 years of experience, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can freely explore your challenges and aspirations. In our sessions, we'll work collaboratively to untangle the complexities of your life. Drawing from various therapeutic modalities, tailored to your needs, we'll address issues like anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship struggles. Together, we'll develop practical strategies to overcome obstacles and foster resilience.
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain? I'm Tana, a licensed clinical therapist dedicated to guiding individuals and families like you towards healing and growth. With 17 years of experience, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can freely explore your challenges and aspirations. In our sessions, we'll work collaboratively to untangle the complexities of your life. Drawing from various therapeutic modalities, tailored to your needs, we'll address issues like anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship struggles. Together, we'll develop practical strategies to overcome obstacles and foster resilience.
(319) 271-3069 View (319) 271-3069
Photo of Jacob Joslin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Burlington, IA
Jacob Joslin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Burlington, IA 52601
It can be really hard to share our challenges and difficulties with others. At times, this leaves us feeling like we have to just keep it all to ourselves. You are probably reading this because you think counseling might help. Whether you have tried counseling in the past, or this is your first time, please remember that you are not alone. Whether you are dealing with tough changes, relationship challenges, ADHD, anxiety, depression, or substance abuse; you've come to the right place. I specialize in offering genuine compassion and understanding as we identify solutions and supports to help you get up, keep going, and thrive.
It can be really hard to share our challenges and difficulties with others. At times, this leaves us feeling like we have to just keep it all to ourselves. You are probably reading this because you think counseling might help. Whether you have tried counseling in the past, or this is your first time, please remember that you are not alone. Whether you are dealing with tough changes, relationship challenges, ADHD, anxiety, depression, or substance abuse; you've come to the right place. I specialize in offering genuine compassion and understanding as we identify solutions and supports to help you get up, keep going, and thrive.
(319) 835-8030 View (319) 835-8030

Online Therapists

Photo of Inside Out Counseling & Consulting, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Burlington, IA
Inside Out Counseling & Consulting
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cedar Rapids, IA 52402
Waitlist for new clients
Trauma comes in many forms. Whether it's the death of a loved one, abuse & violence, DHS involvement, a bad break-up, chronic illness, criminal justice involvement, chemical dependency, or loss of parental rights; experiencing trauma can feel very isolating. You might find yourself feeling detached from others or having difficulty with developing authentic connections with people. Maybe you feel lost and uncertain about how to carry on. Or maybe you're finding yourself lashing out at others with little or no reason. Somedays it can feel like nobody understands your pain or how broken you feel.
Trauma comes in many forms. Whether it's the death of a loved one, abuse & violence, DHS involvement, a bad break-up, chronic illness, criminal justice involvement, chemical dependency, or loss of parental rights; experiencing trauma can feel very isolating. You might find yourself feeling detached from others or having difficulty with developing authentic connections with people. Maybe you feel lost and uncertain about how to carry on. Or maybe you're finding yourself lashing out at others with little or no reason. Somedays it can feel like nobody understands your pain or how broken you feel.
(563) 334-7469 View (563) 334-7469
Photo of About Wolfleg Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Burlington, IA
About Wolfleg Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
James R. Smith, LISW, counselor/therapist, provides mental health counseling and therapy in Iowa City, Iowa, and surrounding area. Mr. Smith uses a Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy approach to teach people how to deal effectively with negative self-talk. Clients learn to diminish their destructive thinking and promote inner calm. Clients will also learn to enhance positive thought and action. James R. Smith, LISW, also encourages couples to communicate more effectively and more completely with each other. Each partner will learn to listen deeply to their mate and reflect clearly what they understand about their partner's needs and concerns.
James R. Smith, LISW, counselor/therapist, provides mental health counseling and therapy in Iowa City, Iowa, and surrounding area. Mr. Smith uses a Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy approach to teach people how to deal effectively with negative self-talk. Clients learn to diminish their destructive thinking and promote inner calm. Clients will also learn to enhance positive thought and action. James R. Smith, LISW, also encourages couples to communicate more effectively and more completely with each other. Each partner will learn to listen deeply to their mate and reflect clearly what they understand about their partner's needs and concerns.
(319) 250-7095 View (319) 250-7095
Photo of Candi Francis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Burlington, IA
Candi Francis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New London, IA 52645
Life can feel hard, you feel stuck, no matter what you do. Maybe your child is having a lot of big emotions, taking over. Having a difficult time expressing them to get needs met. Getting out the door to school or activities just does not seem to go as planned. Fears and worries are taking over, and your sweet child just isn't themselves. You want your motto to be "A happy, healthy family" and yet it feels like it just doesn't quite get there. Thoughts of "How do I help this little person, be the best them and our family be the best us?" Sweet parents/caregivers, you and your little one(s) are amazing and I am so glad you found me!
Life can feel hard, you feel stuck, no matter what you do. Maybe your child is having a lot of big emotions, taking over. Having a difficult time expressing them to get needs met. Getting out the door to school or activities just does not seem to go as planned. Fears and worries are taking over, and your sweet child just isn't themselves. You want your motto to be "A happy, healthy family" and yet it feels like it just doesn't quite get there. Thoughts of "How do I help this little person, be the best them and our family be the best us?" Sweet parents/caregivers, you and your little one(s) are amazing and I am so glad you found me!
(319) 302-3508 View (319) 302-3508
Photo of Brooke A. Radech, Counselor in Burlington, IA
Brooke A. Radech
Counselor, LMHC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
Long Grove, IA 52756
Are you or someone you love struggling? You are not alone and things will improve with the right connection to your therapist. For over a decade my passion has been counseling teens, adults, families and couples in handling stressful life transitions and mental health challenges. My strengths-based narrative approach utilizes compassion, humor and counseling techniques to help all ages with: anger, ADHD, depression, anxiety, OCD, school & career performance, relationship issues, self harm, suicide ideation, eating disorders and self-esteem challenges. Let's connect to begin your healing journey.
Are you or someone you love struggling? You are not alone and things will improve with the right connection to your therapist. For over a decade my passion has been counseling teens, adults, families and couples in handling stressful life transitions and mental health challenges. My strengths-based narrative approach utilizes compassion, humor and counseling techniques to help all ages with: anger, ADHD, depression, anxiety, OCD, school & career performance, relationship issues, self harm, suicide ideation, eating disorders and self-esteem challenges. Let's connect to begin your healing journey.
(563) 204-6197 View (563) 204-6197
Photo of Tim Hillyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Burlington, IA
Tim Hillyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Davenport, IA 52807
Navigating today's rapidly and changing complex issues along with our own personal struggles can sometimes feel overwhelming. Having someone who can assist you go deeper into developing an understanding and insight into yourself can quickly help alleviate the anxiety and stress associated those challenges. The past few years has been tough for many of us, and a lot of unexposed and unaddressed issues have come to the surface. Know that you are not alone, and that normalization of those feelings can help you feel better.
Navigating today's rapidly and changing complex issues along with our own personal struggles can sometimes feel overwhelming. Having someone who can assist you go deeper into developing an understanding and insight into yourself can quickly help alleviate the anxiety and stress associated those challenges. The past few years has been tough for many of us, and a lot of unexposed and unaddressed issues have come to the surface. Know that you are not alone, and that normalization of those feelings can help you feel better.
(563) 293-5634 View (563) 293-5634
Photo of Olivia Gould, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Burlington, IA
Olivia Gould
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cedar Rapids, IA 52402
Welcome! My name is Olivia, and I received my Masters of Social Work and Certificate in Trauma Practice from Simmons University in Boston, MA. The most important part of my practice is the relationship I build with my clients, and I am committed to providing mental health care in a way that is accessible, compassionate, and meets you where you are at.
Welcome! My name is Olivia, and I received my Masters of Social Work and Certificate in Trauma Practice from Simmons University in Boston, MA. The most important part of my practice is the relationship I build with my clients, and I am committed to providing mental health care in a way that is accessible, compassionate, and meets you where you are at.
(800) 531-4236 View (800) 531-4236
Photo of Brandis Elaine McFarland, Counselor in Burlington, IA
Brandis Elaine McFarland
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CEDS
Verified Verified
Cedar Rapids, IA 52403
I treat individuals, couples, families, and groups. I am experienced working with individuals struggling with Eating Disorders including Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder. I also treat Mood Disorders, Anxiety, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Additionally, I provide relationship coaching services to individuals and couples. I work with clients to provide individualized care with an emphasis upon mindfulness, respect and empowerment. I am interested in working with the community to provide Eating Disorder awareness and prevention programs for schools, colleges and professionals.
I treat individuals, couples, families, and groups. I am experienced working with individuals struggling with Eating Disorders including Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder. I also treat Mood Disorders, Anxiety, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Additionally, I provide relationship coaching services to individuals and couples. I work with clients to provide individualized care with an emphasis upon mindfulness, respect and empowerment. I am interested in working with the community to provide Eating Disorder awareness and prevention programs for schools, colleges and professionals.
(319) 774-4898 View (319) 774-4898
Photo of Anastazia Decker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Burlington, IA
Anastazia Decker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cedar Rapids, IA 52404
I provide therapy to adolescents, adults, and couples from different backgrounds. I am interested in helping a wide variety of people who experience things such as, but not limited to, anxiety, depression, trauma, suicidal ideation, self-harm, LGBTQ+ issues, and relationship issues.
I provide therapy to adolescents, adults, and couples from different backgrounds. I am interested in helping a wide variety of people who experience things such as, but not limited to, anxiety, depression, trauma, suicidal ideation, self-harm, LGBTQ+ issues, and relationship issues.
(319) 463-3673 View (319) 463-3673
Photo of Megan Smalley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Burlington, IA
Megan Smalley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, TLMFT
Verified Verified
Cedar Rapids, IA 52402
Life can feel overwhelming at times and it can also hold meaning. Although both can be true, making sense of it all while maintaining a secure connection with others is not an easy balance. Genuine and authentic relationships offer the unconditional support that is essential in building the foundation we need to explore who we are, what we value, and how it all impacts the lives of the ones we love.
Life can feel overwhelming at times and it can also hold meaning. Although both can be true, making sense of it all while maintaining a secure connection with others is not an easy balance. Genuine and authentic relationships offer the unconditional support that is essential in building the foundation we need to explore who we are, what we value, and how it all impacts the lives of the ones we love.
(319) 318-0150 View (319) 318-0150

See more therapy options for Burlington

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Burlington, IA

10+

Average cost per session

$164

Therapists in Burlington, IA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
91% Self Esteem
82% Relationship Issues
82% Stress
73% Anger Management
64% Parenting

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Blue Cross
60% Aetna

How Therapists in Burlington, IA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Burlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.