Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Jodie Stein, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jodie Stein
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
I help purpose-driven people navigate loss—relationships, identity, health, career, the life you imagined for yourself—and find the riches on the other side. My style combines a sharpness of mind, depth of heart, and intuitive wisdom. I’m warm, direct, and real with you. I have a gift for seeing the truth. When a problem or pattern gets named, then it can heal. I trust in your innate healing intelligence and also honor that you want my help and direction in our work.
I help purpose-driven people navigate loss—relationships, identity, health, career, the life you imagined for yourself—and find the riches on the other side. My style combines a sharpness of mind, depth of heart, and intuitive wisdom. I’m warm, direct, and real with you. I have a gift for seeing the truth. When a problem or pattern gets named, then it can heal. I trust in your innate healing intelligence and also honor that you want my help and direction in our work.
(415) 692-6701 View (415) 692-6701
Photo of Ellen B Klyce, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ellen B Klyce
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
I mostly treat couples who are navigating parenting and communication. But I work with individual clients too, Bay area residents who have multiple responsibilities and many demands placed on them daily. I help clients ease their doubt in social situations, calm down the inner critic. In my sessions we explore new ways to connect in many different circumstances. If you have fallen into negative thinking patterns, this constant worry may wear you down. I am there to be your collaborator, to find the best solution for you.
I mostly treat couples who are navigating parenting and communication. But I work with individual clients too, Bay area residents who have multiple responsibilities and many demands placed on them daily. I help clients ease their doubt in social situations, calm down the inner critic. In my sessions we explore new ways to connect in many different circumstances. If you have fallen into negative thinking patterns, this constant worry may wear you down. I am there to be your collaborator, to find the best solution for you.
(510) 768-7175 View (510) 768-7175
Photo of Jean Choi, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jean Choi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a licensed clinical psychologist (CA, CO, & RI) with extensive experience providing counseling since 2002, specializing in individual therapy.  My approach is warm, collaborative, and direct.  My focus is on providing a supportive and interactive dialogue with you to remove blocks, build upon strengths and resilience, and foster self-attunement to live more authentically and to attain the personal growth you are seeking.  I draw from psychodynamic depth psychology, neuropsychological sciences, multicultural awareness, EMDR, and mindfulness based practices to address your unique background and place in your life's journey.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist (CA, CO, & RI) with extensive experience providing counseling since 2002, specializing in individual therapy.  My approach is warm, collaborative, and direct.  My focus is on providing a supportive and interactive dialogue with you to remove blocks, build upon strengths and resilience, and foster self-attunement to live more authentically and to attain the personal growth you are seeking.  I draw from psychodynamic depth psychology, neuropsychological sciences, multicultural awareness, EMDR, and mindfulness based practices to address your unique background and place in your life's journey.
(415) 687-2868 View (415) 687-2868
Photo of Dr. Tiffany Fong, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Tiffany Fong
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
I was born and raised in San Francisco and have extensive experience working with diverse children, teens, and adults throughout the Bay Area. I believe that therapy should be collaborative, and I will work with you to uncover what led you to reach out, and what works best for you in therapy. Stylistically, I believe in direct and transparent communication, and in making as much space for laughter as for other challenging emotions that can come up in therapy. I aim to create a supportive environment in which you feel understood and experience symptom relief and meaningful, long-lasting change.
I was born and raised in San Francisco and have extensive experience working with diverse children, teens, and adults throughout the Bay Area. I believe that therapy should be collaborative, and I will work with you to uncover what led you to reach out, and what works best for you in therapy. Stylistically, I believe in direct and transparent communication, and in making as much space for laughter as for other challenging emotions that can come up in therapy. I aim to create a supportive environment in which you feel understood and experience symptom relief and meaningful, long-lasting change.
(415) 996-1787 View (415) 996-1787
Photo of Lesley Van Voorhees, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lesley Van Voorhees, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
My approach is relational, warm, and collaborative. I feel passionate about helping you make the changes in your life you'd like help with, including better relationships/marriage, improving mood, more effective parenting, increasing self-esteem, navigating divorce, feeling less stuck, help with addictions, navigating adolescent issues, and more. I began providing therapy to clients on the east coast in 1994 as a licensed LGSW. Years later I became licensed in California and continue to successfully help clients experience positive change. I have an office in San Francisco and in Marin County.
My approach is relational, warm, and collaborative. I feel passionate about helping you make the changes in your life you'd like help with, including better relationships/marriage, improving mood, more effective parenting, increasing self-esteem, navigating divorce, feeling less stuck, help with addictions, navigating adolescent issues, and more. I began providing therapy to clients on the east coast in 1994 as a licensed LGSW. Years later I became licensed in California and continue to successfully help clients experience positive change. I have an office in San Francisco and in Marin County.
(415) 308-8523 View (415) 308-8523
Photo of Beth Hayes, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Beth Hayes
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
Finding a therapist that you connect with can be a daunting task. Making connections is one of my strengths. I have the utmost respect for each person seeking therapy and for the therapeutic process itself. Whether you are struggling, going through a transition, or looking to better understand your inner world our work can help you achieve new levels of awareness. My style is warm and non-judgmental. We can work together to uncover and understand how your unique individual life experiences shape how you feel and live. Together we can strive to make meaning, increase awareness, and minimize suffering.
Finding a therapist that you connect with can be a daunting task. Making connections is one of my strengths. I have the utmost respect for each person seeking therapy and for the therapeutic process itself. Whether you are struggling, going through a transition, or looking to better understand your inner world our work can help you achieve new levels of awareness. My style is warm and non-judgmental. We can work together to uncover and understand how your unique individual life experiences shape how you feel and live. Together we can strive to make meaning, increase awareness, and minimize suffering.
(415) 423-2344 View (415) 423-2344
Photo of Diode De Dios, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Diode De Dios
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
My name is Diode de Dios, pronounced like "Jodi." I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in San Diego, California, and working with clients statewide via Telehealth. I work with adolescents, adults, and older adults and specialize in depression, anxiety, stress, grief, life transitions, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Strength-Based Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy to help clients make progress and feel better.
My name is Diode de Dios, pronounced like "Jodi." I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in San Diego, California, and working with clients statewide via Telehealth. I work with adolescents, adults, and older adults and specialize in depression, anxiety, stress, grief, life transitions, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Strength-Based Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy to help clients make progress and feel better.
(415) 319-7616 View (415) 319-7616
Photo of Zack O Oelerich, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Zack O Oelerich
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94129
My philosophy builds on unique strengths and sensitivities of each individual. Taking a supportive coaching role and utilizing a psychotherapeutic framework, I help clients develop and successfully execute their goals while developing a better understanding of social nuance in relationships and in the complex group dynamics of their home and work environments. My psychotherapy practice supports neurodivergent adults integrating their gifts amidst the challenges of great sensitivity and intelligence and is uniquely suited for midlife adults approaching transitions, relationship or career changes, birth, death and divorce.
My philosophy builds on unique strengths and sensitivities of each individual. Taking a supportive coaching role and utilizing a psychotherapeutic framework, I help clients develop and successfully execute their goals while developing a better understanding of social nuance in relationships and in the complex group dynamics of their home and work environments. My psychotherapy practice supports neurodivergent adults integrating their gifts amidst the challenges of great sensitivity and intelligence and is uniquely suited for midlife adults approaching transitions, relationship or career changes, birth, death and divorce.
(925) 892-3090 View (925) 892-3090
Photo of Christina A. Rodriguez, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Christina A. Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
I welcome individual adults, parenting couples and teens into my private practice. My clients often wish to discuss improving their mood, increasing performance at work/school, identifying problems in relationships, exploring their gender identity and establishing healthy screen time/social media habits. With all clients, my initial goal is to offer a safe, non-judgemental space in which we can discover what facets of life most impact them, and how. The goal of my therapies is always to unravel with clients how they arrived in the stressful circumstances they currently inhabit, and how to work on reducing emotional pain.
I welcome individual adults, parenting couples and teens into my private practice. My clients often wish to discuss improving their mood, increasing performance at work/school, identifying problems in relationships, exploring their gender identity and establishing healthy screen time/social media habits. With all clients, my initial goal is to offer a safe, non-judgemental space in which we can discover what facets of life most impact them, and how. The goal of my therapies is always to unravel with clients how they arrived in the stressful circumstances they currently inhabit, and how to work on reducing emotional pain.
(415) 527-0414 View (415) 527-0414
Photo of Nicole O'Connor, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nicole O'Connor
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
An area of focus in my practice is working with parents, couples and families in times of adjustment and transition, particularly in the early years of parenthood. Parenthood can be very demanding especially when you're trying to maintain a career and relationships with your partner, family and friends. I work with clients to give them communication tools and self-care strategies as well as increasing self-awareness and personal insight.
An area of focus in my practice is working with parents, couples and families in times of adjustment and transition, particularly in the early years of parenthood. Parenthood can be very demanding especially when you're trying to maintain a career and relationships with your partner, family and friends. I work with clients to give them communication tools and self-care strategies as well as increasing self-awareness and personal insight.
(415) 787-4454 View (415) 787-4454
Photo of Kimberly Kono, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Kimberly Kono
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
There are many important reasons why people come to therapy. For some, they may want to learn to manage their anxiety and depression, improve their relationships and set boundaries with others, and/or process painful experiences from their past. For others, they may want to address their perfectionism and unrealistic expectations, learn strategies to manage their ADHD, and/or cope with life or career transitions.
There are many important reasons why people come to therapy. For some, they may want to learn to manage their anxiety and depression, improve their relationships and set boundaries with others, and/or process painful experiences from their past. For others, they may want to address their perfectionism and unrealistic expectations, learn strategies to manage their ADHD, and/or cope with life or career transitions.
(415) 881-5439 View (415) 881-5439
Photo of www.raquelgarciapsychotherapy.com, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
www.raquelgarciapsychotherapy.com
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109
I offer Individual, Couples and Family Psychotherapy, in English and Spanish. I honor the principles of compassion, openness, acceptance, non judgment, equality for all. I use inquiry and mindfulness of emotions, thoughts and body to welcome and receive what wants to be seen; consider the multigenerational, biological, psychosocial and internal aspects of the human being as a way to better understand ourselves. I use Mindfulness, Attachment Focused therapy, (EFT) Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Somatics, EMDR, transpersonal modalities. I offer EFT intensives for couples and families, and workshops for couples
I offer Individual, Couples and Family Psychotherapy, in English and Spanish. I honor the principles of compassion, openness, acceptance, non judgment, equality for all. I use inquiry and mindfulness of emotions, thoughts and body to welcome and receive what wants to be seen; consider the multigenerational, biological, psychosocial and internal aspects of the human being as a way to better understand ourselves. I use Mindfulness, Attachment Focused therapy, (EFT) Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Somatics, EMDR, transpersonal modalities. I offer EFT intensives for couples and families, and workshops for couples
(415) 234-4692 View (415) 234-4692
Photo of Andrea Mar, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Andrea Mar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I create a compassionate space to help you connect with your true self, the life you want to live, and the relationships you want to have. Therapy is not always easy, but I’ll offer guidance and support. We’ll discuss strategies to help you develop more agency in life. With couples, my style is interactive and focused. I help partners recognize patterns that keep them “stuck”, teach strategies to cool down intense emotions, and communicate with intention.
I create a compassionate space to help you connect with your true self, the life you want to live, and the relationships you want to have. Therapy is not always easy, but I’ll offer guidance and support. We’ll discuss strategies to help you develop more agency in life. With couples, my style is interactive and focused. I help partners recognize patterns that keep them “stuck”, teach strategies to cool down intense emotions, and communicate with intention.
(510) 588-3125 View (510) 588-3125
Photo of Tamara Hagy-Lopez, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Tamara Hagy-Lopez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
Tamara Hagy-Lopez is a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience working with children, teens, parents, adults, and families in a variety of clinical and school settings. Tamara's focus is on building a safe and validating environment that allows families and individuals to increase self-awareness and helps them create a narrative that supports their growth.
Tamara Hagy-Lopez is a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist with over 20 years of experience working with children, teens, parents, adults, and families in a variety of clinical and school settings. Tamara's focus is on building a safe and validating environment that allows families and individuals to increase self-awareness and helps them create a narrative that supports their growth.
(415) 870-3873 View (415) 870-3873
Photo of Marcia Weisbrot, Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Marcia Weisbrot
Counselor, LPCC, ATR, MA, MFA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Empathy is a keystone of the therapeutic relationship. It fosters a partnership between the two of us that promotes wellness, and a sense of safety and trust. Together, we collaborate in setting goals so that you develop insight and make meaningful changes in your life. Our work might include mindfulness for stress, cognitive behavioral therapy for depression and/or anxiety and psychodynamic work to uncover deeper issues. You might be struggling with life transitions, low self esteem, a recent loss or a creative block. We use a variety of approaches to help you get back on track.
Empathy is a keystone of the therapeutic relationship. It fosters a partnership between the two of us that promotes wellness, and a sense of safety and trust. Together, we collaborate in setting goals so that you develop insight and make meaningful changes in your life. Our work might include mindfulness for stress, cognitive behavioral therapy for depression and/or anxiety and psychodynamic work to uncover deeper issues. You might be struggling with life transitions, low self esteem, a recent loss or a creative block. We use a variety of approaches to help you get back on track.
(415) 475-0626 View (415) 475-0626
Photo of Christian Hodges, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Christian Hodges
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94116  (Online Only)
My passion as a mental health clinician is an intentional one: To help navigate your wellness journey in a way that’s effective and authentic. I sincerely believe that no matter what we’ve been through we are in control of how we narrate our lives. It is my goal to help you find and accept your true self. Everyone’s path to recovery is different, which is why I help facilitate growth by creating custom treatment plans designed to reduce symptoms and stabilize mood. I use a comprehensive mental health model that addresses the whole person, including the physical, mental, emotional, and physiological aspects of each client.
My passion as a mental health clinician is an intentional one: To help navigate your wellness journey in a way that’s effective and authentic. I sincerely believe that no matter what we’ve been through we are in control of how we narrate our lives. It is my goal to help you find and accept your true self. Everyone’s path to recovery is different, which is why I help facilitate growth by creating custom treatment plans designed to reduce symptoms and stabilize mood. I use a comprehensive mental health model that addresses the whole person, including the physical, mental, emotional, and physiological aspects of each client.
(415) 366-3044 View (415) 366-3044
Photo of Louise Dubberke, Ph.D., Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Louise Dubberke, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
I have a warm, welcoming office and a caring, therapeutic presence. With individuals, my specialties include depression and anxiety disorders; problems stemming from recent trauma or childhood physical and emotional abuse; the treatment of stress resulting from significant life changes; work-related problems; relationship difficulties; and gay and lesbian issues.
I have a warm, welcoming office and a caring, therapeutic presence. With individuals, my specialties include depression and anxiety disorders; problems stemming from recent trauma or childhood physical and emotional abuse; the treatment of stress resulting from significant life changes; work-related problems; relationship difficulties; and gay and lesbian issues.
(415) 799-3738 View (415) 799-3738
Photo of Michelanne Baker, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Michelanne Baker
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
My approach to therapy is interactive and relational. I believe that the relationship between the therapist and client is what is most healing and helpful in therapy. I strive to create a comfortable and supportive atmosphere where difficult issues can be addressed. When people feel supported and understood; they are often more able to face challenges. I also help clients become more aware of the obstacles which prevent them from leading more satisfying lives. Sometimes that may involve exploring past experiences and relationships or it may involve learning new coping skills.
My approach to therapy is interactive and relational. I believe that the relationship between the therapist and client is what is most healing and helpful in therapy. I strive to create a comfortable and supportive atmosphere where difficult issues can be addressed. When people feel supported and understood; they are often more able to face challenges. I also help clients become more aware of the obstacles which prevent them from leading more satisfying lives. Sometimes that may involve exploring past experiences and relationships or it may involve learning new coping skills.
(415) 766-0973 View (415) 766-0973
Photo of Lia Akhilanda, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lia Akhilanda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94121  (Online Only)
I see therapy as emotional digestion: pausing life to say what needs to be said, to listen to what needs to stay, and to release what is no longer needed. Therapy, for me, is not just a professional service; it's a commitment to being present, consistent and reliable for my clients. Let's work together to deepen your self-awareness through psychotherapeutic methods, as well as what you uniquely may be interested in considering through contemplative and somatic practices. I'm down-to-earth and want to understand what’s really important to you.
I see therapy as emotional digestion: pausing life to say what needs to be said, to listen to what needs to stay, and to release what is no longer needed. Therapy, for me, is not just a professional service; it's a commitment to being present, consistent and reliable for my clients. Let's work together to deepen your self-awareness through psychotherapeutic methods, as well as what you uniquely may be interested in considering through contemplative and somatic practices. I'm down-to-earth and want to understand what’s really important to you.
(628) 345-4190 View (628) 345-4190
Photo of James Heinrich Kurtz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
James Heinrich Kurtz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
Relationships with others define experience and work gives a sense of purpose. Disturbance in these affect well being and contribute to an overwhelmed response leading to collapse. As trauma is relational so is recovery and healing. The right therapeutic alliance is a key component. A weakness, a crisis, or an illness can be a transition to an accomplished strength. With proper support, connection, and engagement, inner resources are accessed that allow for growth and resilience and the possibility of change, healing, and transformation.
Relationships with others define experience and work gives a sense of purpose. Disturbance in these affect well being and contribute to an overwhelmed response leading to collapse. As trauma is relational so is recovery and healing. The right therapeutic alliance is a key component. A weakness, a crisis, or an illness can be a transition to an accomplished strength. With proper support, connection, and engagement, inner resources are accessed that allow for growth and resilience and the possibility of change, healing, and transformation.
(415) 655-0120 View (415) 655-0120

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$188

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.