Therapists in Austin, TX

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Photo of Lindsey Witz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Lindsey Witz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
Are you living with a constant feeling of being unfulfilled? Questioning what's wrong and what to do about it? Are you feeling stuck with no clear path forward? Perhaps you've been experiencing a desire for something that you struggle to identify. With a restless mind and sleepless nights you can't seem to find much joy in any given day. Maybe, you're attempting to fill your life with anything to break through the emptiness of life. The start of the journey towards healing, for some, can leave you feeling utterly overwhelmed and uncertain how to start. For others, you're needing someone to join you on a journey that's already begun.
Are you living with a constant feeling of being unfulfilled? Questioning what's wrong and what to do about it? Are you feeling stuck with no clear path forward? Perhaps you've been experiencing a desire for something that you struggle to identify. With a restless mind and sleepless nights you can't seem to find much joy in any given day. Maybe, you're attempting to fill your life with anything to break through the emptiness of life. The start of the journey towards healing, for some, can leave you feeling utterly overwhelmed and uncertain how to start. For others, you're needing someone to join you on a journey that's already begun.
(512) 559-1018 View (512) 559-1018
Photo of Madalyn Ruble, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Madalyn Ruble
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78705  (Online Only)
Hi there! I am so grateful you're here! I'm Madalyn, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience in medical & mental health settings. I have extensive experience working with teens, adults, & everyone in between! I strive to curate a safe space where you can feel both seen & heard. I specialize in working with anxiety, chronic illness, stress, relationship issues, & those who may be going through a period of adjustment - whether that be a new diagnosis, a recent move or a breakup, we will move through it together.
Hi there! I am so grateful you're here! I'm Madalyn, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience in medical & mental health settings. I have extensive experience working with teens, adults, & everyone in between! I strive to curate a safe space where you can feel both seen & heard. I specialize in working with anxiety, chronic illness, stress, relationship issues, & those who may be going through a period of adjustment - whether that be a new diagnosis, a recent move or a breakup, we will move through it together.
(346) 421-0666 View (346) 421-0666
Photo of Rise And Shine Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Rise And Shine Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78704  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome! My name is Hira Siddiqui. At some point in our lives, we all experience trauma, grief, and loss. Dealing with these experiences can be stressful and having someone who can help you navigate these experiences can ease the burden. Our sessions will provide you with a safe space to explore your emotions and thoughts. During these sessions, we will tackle how to handle barriers in your life that are preventing you from being happy, fulfilled, and at peace. I specialize in trauma, grief and loss, and general life transitions which can cause anxiety, stress, or depression.
Hello and welcome! My name is Hira Siddiqui. At some point in our lives, we all experience trauma, grief, and loss. Dealing with these experiences can be stressful and having someone who can help you navigate these experiences can ease the burden. Our sessions will provide you with a safe space to explore your emotions and thoughts. During these sessions, we will tackle how to handle barriers in your life that are preventing you from being happy, fulfilled, and at peace. I specialize in trauma, grief and loss, and general life transitions which can cause anxiety, stress, or depression.
(512) 548-4248 View (512) 548-4248
Photo of Charla Ann Lineman, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Austin, TX
Charla Ann Lineman
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MEd , LPC-A, LMFT-A
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78728
I will meet you right where you are with empathy and nonjudgment. The decision to ask for help, whether as a couple or individual, takes courage and can feel very vulnerable.
I will meet you right where you are with empathy and nonjudgment. The decision to ask for help, whether as a couple or individual, takes courage and can feel very vulnerable.
(512) 866-9830 View (512) 866-9830
Photo of Mike Andorka, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Mike Andorka
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731
Sometimes, life can be difficult. We suffer more when we fight, resist or avoid painful thoughts, feelings, memories or sensations. Living a value-driven life is challenging when we do this. A value-driven life is one where we continue to do the things that are important to us.
Sometimes, life can be difficult. We suffer more when we fight, resist or avoid painful thoughts, feelings, memories or sensations. Living a value-driven life is challenging when we do this. A value-driven life is one where we continue to do the things that are important to us.
(512) 488-4557 View (512) 488-4557
Photo of Kiana Rathjens, Pre-Licensed Professional in Austin, TX
Kiana Rathjens
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, BS
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
I approach therapy with a psychodynamic perspective. This means that I believe that we are all impacted and shaped by the stories we tell ourselves unconsciously- which in turn, informs our views about the world, our relationships, and ourselves. However, with increased awareness, this framework also states that we can change maladaptive stories we may have previously believed were set in stone. My ultimate goal as a therapist is to facilitate such change. Also, in order to adequately meet each individual's needs, I use an eclectic approach to treatment -drawing from supportive-expressive ideals as well as CBT, DBT, CTT, and CPT.
I approach therapy with a psychodynamic perspective. This means that I believe that we are all impacted and shaped by the stories we tell ourselves unconsciously- which in turn, informs our views about the world, our relationships, and ourselves. However, with increased awareness, this framework also states that we can change maladaptive stories we may have previously believed were set in stone. My ultimate goal as a therapist is to facilitate such change. Also, in order to adequately meet each individual's needs, I use an eclectic approach to treatment -drawing from supportive-expressive ideals as well as CBT, DBT, CTT, and CPT.
(512) 714-3403 View (512) 714-3403
Photo of Steven Powell in Austin, TX
Steven Powell
MD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705
Dr. Steven Powell graduated from University of Texas and attended Rush Medical College to complete his family medicine residency at John Peter Smith Hospital in Fort Worth. He has worked at Barrio Comprehensive Health Center in San Antonio, as Medical Director, as well as Austin Regional Clinic where he also served as a board member. Board certified in Family Medicine and a member of the American Academy of Family Physicians and the Texas Medical Association, Dr. Powell has had an interest and commitment to addiction treatment in primary care since 2008, treating hundreds of patients with medication assisted therapy.
Dr. Steven Powell graduated from University of Texas and attended Rush Medical College to complete his family medicine residency at John Peter Smith Hospital in Fort Worth. He has worked at Barrio Comprehensive Health Center in San Antonio, as Medical Director, as well as Austin Regional Clinic where he also served as a board member. Board certified in Family Medicine and a member of the American Academy of Family Physicians and the Texas Medical Association, Dr. Powell has had an interest and commitment to addiction treatment in primary care since 2008, treating hundreds of patients with medication assisted therapy.
(512) 598-4608 View (512) 598-4608
Photo of Pamela Steele, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Pamela Steele
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
Breathe... Now breathe again. Let go of negative emotions and thoughts, and allow more of what you really, really want. No matter what obstacles are presenting in your life experience right now, we can begin an integrative journey together, with a simple breath. Feelings and emotions are true indicators to help guide you to what you want more of in life. We can focus and become more aware of choices and positive options, and ultimately remove self-limiting beliefs. We can learn to make decisions with more clarity and awareness, leading you to a more joyful and fuller life.
Breathe... Now breathe again. Let go of negative emotions and thoughts, and allow more of what you really, really want. No matter what obstacles are presenting in your life experience right now, we can begin an integrative journey together, with a simple breath. Feelings and emotions are true indicators to help guide you to what you want more of in life. We can focus and become more aware of choices and positive options, and ultimately remove self-limiting beliefs. We can learn to make decisions with more clarity and awareness, leading you to a more joyful and fuller life.
(512) 882-1766 View (512) 882-1766
Photo of Overcome Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Overcome Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, CRC, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
“You may not control all the events that happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them.” -Maya Angelou These words highlight my passion in helping my clients to discover their strengths and step forward to improve their overall mental health. Many individuals are unhappy because they do not accept circumstances or things they are unable to change (the past; what others think, feel, say, or do) or else have no control over (the weather, traffic, natural disasters, and lost time).
“You may not control all the events that happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them.” -Maya Angelou These words highlight my passion in helping my clients to discover their strengths and step forward to improve their overall mental health. Many individuals are unhappy because they do not accept circumstances or things they are unable to change (the past; what others think, feel, say, or do) or else have no control over (the weather, traffic, natural disasters, and lost time).
(512) 729-5098 View (512) 729-5098
Photo of Shelley Gauntt Moeller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Shelley Gauntt Moeller
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705
I believe that a collaborative approach between therapist and client is most effective. My intention is to empower my clients to put the pieces together to help solve the mysteries of their inner world. I truly believe that my clients can find their truth and move towards mental wellness. I use an integrated approach to treatment utilizing Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, Internal Family System, Motivational Interviewing, and Solution Focused Therapy. I also believe in equipping my clients with coping skills to practice between sessions.
I believe that a collaborative approach between therapist and client is most effective. My intention is to empower my clients to put the pieces together to help solve the mysteries of their inner world. I truly believe that my clients can find their truth and move towards mental wellness. I use an integrated approach to treatment utilizing Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, Internal Family System, Motivational Interviewing, and Solution Focused Therapy. I also believe in equipping my clients with coping skills to practice between sessions.
(512) 666-3850 View (512) 666-3850
Photo of Emily Dirksmeyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Emily Dirksmeyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78724  (Online Only)
You deserve the space to explore your most honest and vulnerable self safely and without judgment. Through deep connection and an unearthing of your existing wisdom, I will support you in your journey towards healing. As a therapist, I have had the opportunity to work with diverse populations in varied clinical and public policy settings. From these experiences, I have developed an approach that is extremely person centered and I prioritize my role as an advocate to champion your needs. I am passionate about elevating my clients voice to prioritize their well deserved opportunity to thrive.
You deserve the space to explore your most honest and vulnerable self safely and without judgment. Through deep connection and an unearthing of your existing wisdom, I will support you in your journey towards healing. As a therapist, I have had the opportunity to work with diverse populations in varied clinical and public policy settings. From these experiences, I have developed an approach that is extremely person centered and I prioritize my role as an advocate to champion your needs. I am passionate about elevating my clients voice to prioritize their well deserved opportunity to thrive.
(737) 510-7904 View (737) 510-7904
Photo of Transcend Health Solutions - Ketamine Clinic -, MD in Austin, TX
Transcend Health Solutions - Ketamine Clinic -
MD, MD, MPH, FACEP, FAEMS
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731
Transcend Health Solutions is a mental health clinic that specializes in helping patients that have tried traditional psychotherapy and medications, but have not yet found any relief. Most of the people we see have treatment resistant depression, PTSD, trauma, complex PTSD, severe anxiety, OCD, postpartum depression, alcohol use issues/problem drinking, chronic pain issues or a mix of several of these conditions.
Transcend Health Solutions is a mental health clinic that specializes in helping patients that have tried traditional psychotherapy and medications, but have not yet found any relief. Most of the people we see have treatment resistant depression, PTSD, trauma, complex PTSD, severe anxiety, OCD, postpartum depression, alcohol use issues/problem drinking, chronic pain issues or a mix of several of these conditions.
(512) 886-6590 View (512) 886-6590
Photo of Cyndi Crowell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Cyndi Crowell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
Hi there, I’m Cyndi and I’ve been a social worker for 10 years. I truly believe in the treatments of DBT, RODBT and EMDR, as I have seen how folks have learned to cope with their emotions more effectively. I have also seen folks who felt stuck and paralyzed by traumatic events begin to live their lives and feel liberated as they became less impacted by previously triggering events. I facilitate DBT and RODBT groups, as well as provide individual DBT/RODBT therapy sessions. The EMDR sessions I provide are solely individual.
Hi there, I’m Cyndi and I’ve been a social worker for 10 years. I truly believe in the treatments of DBT, RODBT and EMDR, as I have seen how folks have learned to cope with their emotions more effectively. I have also seen folks who felt stuck and paralyzed by traumatic events begin to live their lives and feel liberated as they became less impacted by previously triggering events. I facilitate DBT and RODBT groups, as well as provide individual DBT/RODBT therapy sessions. The EMDR sessions I provide are solely individual.
(512) 902-3282 View (512) 902-3282
Photo of Jordana Raiskin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Jordana Raiskin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
There is more to life than just coping! I work with adults and couples who want to feel more vibrancy and optimism in their life, but are just feeling kind of stuck and frustrated. It may surface as a boring job, a flat relationship, not enough relationships, feelings of hopelessness, or a sense of not really choosing the life you have. Humans are not built to solve everything by themselves, and working with an experienced, compassionate, resourceful therapist can help you lighten your load and have choices that make you feel more alive.
There is more to life than just coping! I work with adults and couples who want to feel more vibrancy and optimism in their life, but are just feeling kind of stuck and frustrated. It may surface as a boring job, a flat relationship, not enough relationships, feelings of hopelessness, or a sense of not really choosing the life you have. Humans are not built to solve everything by themselves, and working with an experienced, compassionate, resourceful therapist can help you lighten your load and have choices that make you feel more alive.
(512) 515-1647 View (512) 515-1647
Photo of Lauren Hinkel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Lauren Hinkel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPH
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with clients struggling with ADHD and neurodivergence, body image issues, societal pressures, and disordered eating/exercise behaviors. My goal is to support you in developing a healthier relationship with exercise and your body, reducing anxiety, and improving your self-esteem. Together, we’ll work towards finding balance and peace, helping you feel accepted and comfortable in your own skin, and empowering you to live a life free from the constraints of unrealistic beauty standards.
I specialize in working with clients struggling with ADHD and neurodivergence, body image issues, societal pressures, and disordered eating/exercise behaviors. My goal is to support you in developing a healthier relationship with exercise and your body, reducing anxiety, and improving your self-esteem. Together, we’ll work towards finding balance and peace, helping you feel accepted and comfortable in your own skin, and empowering you to live a life free from the constraints of unrealistic beauty standards.
(737) 250-8473 View (737) 250-8473
Photo of Kate Morales Sárraga, Psychological Associate in Austin, TX
Kate Morales Sárraga
Psychological Associate, LPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78731
Are you feeling like you are living the same terrible day, over and over again? Stuck in an endless loop of uncertainty, it’s getting harder to see the possibility of a future worth living for. As the cycle continues, the days lose their meaning, the frustration increases, and rejecting those that you care about becomes inevitable. Longing for a sense of clarity, purpose, and direction in your life it feels like no one understands. I know how tough it can be, with those racing thoughts, tense muscles, and overwhelming worries. You don’t have to suffer in silence anymore. I can help you feel calm, confident, and in control.
Are you feeling like you are living the same terrible day, over and over again? Stuck in an endless loop of uncertainty, it’s getting harder to see the possibility of a future worth living for. As the cycle continues, the days lose their meaning, the frustration increases, and rejecting those that you care about becomes inevitable. Longing for a sense of clarity, purpose, and direction in your life it feels like no one understands. I know how tough it can be, with those racing thoughts, tense muscles, and overwhelming worries. You don’t have to suffer in silence anymore. I can help you feel calm, confident, and in control.
(737) 520-7875 View (737) 520-7875
Photo of Stephen Kolar, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Stephen Kolar
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759  (Online Only)
I have openings as of April 1, 2024. Are you feeling anxious, depressed, or upset over conflict that you may have with others in your life? Are you unsure of what to do to improve your situation, boost your mood, and feel comfortable with your life? Maybe you're facing challenges at school, with peers, or with other family members. Let's work together to find solutions to the difficulties that you are facing.
I have openings as of April 1, 2024. Are you feeling anxious, depressed, or upset over conflict that you may have with others in your life? Are you unsure of what to do to improve your situation, boost your mood, and feel comfortable with your life? Maybe you're facing challenges at school, with peers, or with other family members. Let's work together to find solutions to the difficulties that you are facing.
(737) 204-8647 View (737) 204-8647
Photo of Scott Wayne Melgren, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Scott Wayne Melgren
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78701  (Online Only)
My personal belief is that everyone is doing their best with the tools they have. I utilize an individualized approach rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing to strengthen resiliency and provide coping skills to overcome daily life stressors. If you have ever found yourself stuck and desire a way to navigate and work through your personal challanges, together we can create that change.
My personal belief is that everyone is doing their best with the tools they have. I utilize an individualized approach rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing to strengthen resiliency and provide coping skills to overcome daily life stressors. If you have ever found yourself stuck and desire a way to navigate and work through your personal challanges, together we can create that change.
(512) 812-9773 View (512) 812-9773
Photo of Carol Dodgen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Carol Dodgen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78751  (Online Only)
The purpose of therapy is generally straight forward. Individuals seek professional help when conflict in their world causes pain. In the counseling session, clients share their concerns and therapists share their training and professional experience . I believe that it is my responsibility to provide a safe place where clients can talk about their thoughts, feelings and experiences in a non-judgmental atmosphere. My approach is interactive, validating, compassionate and collaborative. Depending on the client and/or the specific situation, I work from a variety of perspectives.
The purpose of therapy is generally straight forward. Individuals seek professional help when conflict in their world causes pain. In the counseling session, clients share their concerns and therapists share their training and professional experience . I believe that it is my responsibility to provide a safe place where clients can talk about their thoughts, feelings and experiences in a non-judgmental atmosphere. My approach is interactive, validating, compassionate and collaborative. Depending on the client and/or the specific situation, I work from a variety of perspectives.
(361) 444-2301 View (361) 444-2301
Photo of Scott A Harpst, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Scott A Harpst
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78704  (Online Only)
I am an experienced mental health and life transitions counselor and psychotherapist with 25+ years of experience. I have trained in brief and family therapy and Ericksonian psychotherapy and offer hypnosis as an adjunct to therapy. My style is synthesis of many approaches and techniques that I have created over the years which really works. I see children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
I am an experienced mental health and life transitions counselor and psychotherapist with 25+ years of experience. I have trained in brief and family therapy and Ericksonian psychotherapy and offer hypnosis as an adjunct to therapy. My style is synthesis of many approaches and techniques that I have created over the years which really works. I see children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families.
(512) 645-2019 View (512) 645-2019

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Austin, TX

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Austin, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Austin, TX see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Austin?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.