Therapists in Syracuse, NY

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Photo of Giles Sieburg, Marriage & Family Therapist in Syracuse, NY
Giles Sieburg
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13219  (Online Only)
As a Marriage and Family Therapist and Gallup Certified Strengths Coach, I believe that therapy is a journey that can provide valuable perspective and facilitate healing. In my sessions, I aim to create a supportive and safe environment where my clients can work to reclaim their lives from fear, pain, and hopelessness. By exploring the systems, families, and relationships that shape their experiences, my clients can gain insight into their inner selves and learn how to cope with past traumas and current stressors. Together, we can work towards moving forward rather than remaining stuck.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist and Gallup Certified Strengths Coach, I believe that therapy is a journey that can provide valuable perspective and facilitate healing. In my sessions, I aim to create a supportive and safe environment where my clients can work to reclaim their lives from fear, pain, and hopelessness. By exploring the systems, families, and relationships that shape their experiences, my clients can gain insight into their inner selves and learn how to cope with past traumas and current stressors. Together, we can work towards moving forward rather than remaining stuck.
(315) 888-4609 View (315) 888-4609
Photo of Headway, Counselor in Syracuse, NY
Headway
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13204  (Online Only)
I believe that when struggling with concerns and issues like lack of finances, anxiety, depression, traumatic events, and strained relationships, the individual needs to have a supportive ear and a nonjudgmental point of view to process and explain their feelings. Being heard is an essential key in the therapeutic process. The therapeutic process is about improving on your strengths and strengthening your weaknesses. My goal is to make your life your reality by working with you to help improve your life.
I believe that when struggling with concerns and issues like lack of finances, anxiety, depression, traumatic events, and strained relationships, the individual needs to have a supportive ear and a nonjudgmental point of view to process and explain their feelings. Being heard is an essential key in the therapeutic process. The therapeutic process is about improving on your strengths and strengthening your weaknesses. My goal is to make your life your reality by working with you to help improve your life.
(315) 753-4778 View (315) 753-4778
Photo of T. Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Syracuse, NY
T. Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13212  (Online Only)
Accepting Clients! My goal is to support you by providing a safe, accepting environment for self-exploration. Through a relational and trauma-informed approach, I am committed to affirming the experiences and journeys of everyone I work with by providing the spaces necessary to work towards positive change. I specialize in work focused on gender identity, sexual orientation, and identity intersections. My practice is driven by the belief that no one should ever feel “less than" because of their gender identity/expression, sexuality, or any other attribute of their personhood.
Accepting Clients! My goal is to support you by providing a safe, accepting environment for self-exploration. Through a relational and trauma-informed approach, I am committed to affirming the experiences and journeys of everyone I work with by providing the spaces necessary to work towards positive change. I specialize in work focused on gender identity, sexual orientation, and identity intersections. My practice is driven by the belief that no one should ever feel “less than" because of their gender identity/expression, sexuality, or any other attribute of their personhood.
(315) 929-2335 View (315) 929-2335
Photo of Shane K Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Syracuse, NY
Shane K Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13206
Change is a phenomenon that we all face. We will repeat painful patterns over and over in effort to avoid change. I believe that everyone has the power to create positive change in their lives and relationships. Often times a therapeutic alliance can facilitate that change in a safe environment. If you believe you are ready to grow as an individual, couple, or family, I would be honored to assist you in your journey.
Change is a phenomenon that we all face. We will repeat painful patterns over and over in effort to avoid change. I believe that everyone has the power to create positive change in their lives and relationships. Often times a therapeutic alliance can facilitate that change in a safe environment. If you believe you are ready to grow as an individual, couple, or family, I would be honored to assist you in your journey.
(315) 359-5200 View (315) 359-5200
Photo of Serenity Psychotherapy PLLC. Group Practice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Syracuse, NY
Serenity Psychotherapy PLLC. Group Practice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13206  (Online Only)
Getting to the root of your pain, learning to deal with it, building upon your strengths then learning to act versus react to people and events is the goal of our approach. We have a long history of working with diverse populations, who have developed varied problems: Mental Health, Substance Abuse, Marital, Parenting, Occupational, grief and more Our approach is to work with your strengths; help you to develop new views and skills and then organize them into a plan that works in obtaining your goals.
Getting to the root of your pain, learning to deal with it, building upon your strengths then learning to act versus react to people and events is the goal of our approach. We have a long history of working with diverse populations, who have developed varied problems: Mental Health, Substance Abuse, Marital, Parenting, Occupational, grief and more Our approach is to work with your strengths; help you to develop new views and skills and then organize them into a plan that works in obtaining your goals.
(315) 277-6917 View (315) 277-6917
Photo of Katelynn Faulkner, Psychologist in Syracuse, NY
Katelynn Faulkner
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13203  (Online Only)
I believe that each person holds within themselves everything they need to heal and grow in the ways they would like. I see the therapist's role as being one in which provides an environment of safety and care where the client can explore themselves authentically. It is through this authentic exploration, that the therapist can help the client discover how patterns and ways of being are keeping the client stuck and resulting in suffering. By bringing into awareness these aspects, the client and therapist can then work collaboratively to release the pain and explore new ways of being.
I believe that each person holds within themselves everything they need to heal and grow in the ways they would like. I see the therapist's role as being one in which provides an environment of safety and care where the client can explore themselves authentically. It is through this authentic exploration, that the therapist can help the client discover how patterns and ways of being are keeping the client stuck and resulting in suffering. By bringing into awareness these aspects, the client and therapist can then work collaboratively to release the pain and explore new ways of being.
(315) 859-0223 View (315) 859-0223
Photo of Jodi Benjaminson, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Syracuse, NY
Jodi Benjaminson, LCSW-R
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13203
In my 28 years as a psychotherapist, it continues to be a humbling experience to witness my clients transform into the person they never believed they could be. I understand how difficult it is to come into therapy and why it is so important for me to build a safe and trusting relationship with you. I take a down to earth and respectful therapeutic approach to create a welcoming and healing environment. I am committed to helping my clients become the best version of themselves by tailoring my theraputic approach to fit the unique needs of each individual, couple or family.
In my 28 years as a psychotherapist, it continues to be a humbling experience to witness my clients transform into the person they never believed they could be. I understand how difficult it is to come into therapy and why it is so important for me to build a safe and trusting relationship with you. I take a down to earth and respectful therapeutic approach to create a welcoming and healing environment. I am committed to helping my clients become the best version of themselves by tailoring my theraputic approach to fit the unique needs of each individual, couple or family.
(315) 870-1410 View (315) 870-1410
Photo of Gina M Corona, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Syracuse, NY
Gina M Corona
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13203  (Online Only)
Gina Corona has been a practicing clinical social worker and therapist for close to 30 years working with children and their families, to identify and conceptualize strengths and challenges, and provide real direction and solutions. My clients are ages 5 to young adult, experiencing biological or situational life challenges, that prevent them from being their best selves. Through our work together, we will find the best solution.
Gina Corona has been a practicing clinical social worker and therapist for close to 30 years working with children and their families, to identify and conceptualize strengths and challenges, and provide real direction and solutions. My clients are ages 5 to young adult, experiencing biological or situational life challenges, that prevent them from being their best selves. Through our work together, we will find the best solution.
(680) 206-2158 View (680) 206-2158
Photo of Kathleen Deters-Hayes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Syracuse, NY
Kathleen Deters-Hayes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13202
Not accepting new clients
I am a Clinical Social Worker, committed to helping clients find their true sense of self on life's journey. I specialize in working with people struggling with depression, grief, trauma, anxiety, relationship issues and other life struggles. I believe that each of us is on our own unique journey as a gift to the world.
I am a Clinical Social Worker, committed to helping clients find their true sense of self on life's journey. I specialize in working with people struggling with depression, grief, trauma, anxiety, relationship issues and other life struggles. I believe that each of us is on our own unique journey as a gift to the world.
(315) 819-3872 View (315) 819-3872
Photo of LouAnn Christo in Syracuse, NY
LouAnn Christo
MS, CPC
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13204
Science tells us that positive energy attracts positive energy and negative energy attracts negative energy. My philosophy and coaching style is that energy is at the heart of everything. A coach is your own personal architect to help you build and achieve whatever it is that you want. We do that by understanding your energy levels in different situations and building on that we come up with a plan for accountability and success.
Science tells us that positive energy attracts positive energy and negative energy attracts negative energy. My philosophy and coaching style is that energy is at the heart of everything. A coach is your own personal architect to help you build and achieve whatever it is that you want. We do that by understanding your energy levels in different situations and building on that we come up with a plan for accountability and success.
(315) 562-0083 View (315) 562-0083
Photo of Tracy Robinson in Syracuse, NY
Tracy Robinson
MA, LPMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13224
Life can be a challenging process. You don't have to tackle life's problems alone. Sometimes we need some extra help to be the best version of ourselves. The process begins by identifying barriers that are blocking us from achieving our desired goals. Life is an ongoing journey. Therapy can increase our self-awareness and improve our overall health and well-being. I welcome you - with open arms - to begin the therapeutic process and begin to look at those obstacles in life.
Life can be a challenging process. You don't have to tackle life's problems alone. Sometimes we need some extra help to be the best version of ourselves. The process begins by identifying barriers that are blocking us from achieving our desired goals. Life is an ongoing journey. Therapy can increase our self-awareness and improve our overall health and well-being. I welcome you - with open arms - to begin the therapeutic process and begin to look at those obstacles in life.
(680) 201-4822 View (680) 201-4822
Photo of Danielle M. Bannigan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Syracuse, NY
Danielle M. Bannigan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13203
We all face challenges in our lives at one time or another. It takes courage to ask for help. I thank you for taking the first step. I believe with the right support and guidance we all have the power to make positive change and grow from our experiences. I provide a trusting, nonjudgmental, and safe space for all.
We all face challenges in our lives at one time or another. It takes courage to ask for help. I thank you for taking the first step. I believe with the right support and guidance we all have the power to make positive change and grow from our experiences. I provide a trusting, nonjudgmental, and safe space for all.
(315) 658-6376 View (315) 658-6376
Photo of Dr. Mitch and Lisa Marriages/Couples Workshops in Syracuse, NY
Dr. Mitch and Lisa Marriages/Couples Workshops
PsyD, MSW, Life, Coach
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13202
Relationships in Crisis: We Have Several Private Couples/Marriage Workshops & Individual Sessions, in order to Rapidly Accelerate Your Healing & Your Communication Process (Traditional 45 min. session Simply Does Not Work). During these 2 to 4 weeks, we will see both of you Together & Individually, as well as Help each of you Learn the Art of Empathy, Sensitivity & Compassion. These Workshops are Informative & Powerful, in order to Accelerate the Healing Process & Stop any further Damage from Occurring. In Addition, Our Success RATE is 85% of Our Couples that have Successfully Completed Our Couples Workshops or Alcohol Treatment.
Relationships in Crisis: We Have Several Private Couples/Marriage Workshops & Individual Sessions, in order to Rapidly Accelerate Your Healing & Your Communication Process (Traditional 45 min. session Simply Does Not Work). During these 2 to 4 weeks, we will see both of you Together & Individually, as well as Help each of you Learn the Art of Empathy, Sensitivity & Compassion. These Workshops are Informative & Powerful, in order to Accelerate the Healing Process & Stop any further Damage from Occurring. In Addition, Our Success RATE is 85% of Our Couples that have Successfully Completed Our Couples Workshops or Alcohol Treatment.
(315) 902-7675 View (315) 902-7675
Photo of Mary Kate Lenihan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Syracuse, NY
Mary Kate Lenihan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Syracuse, NY 13214  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Any individual, couple, or family making the decision to embark on therapy has made a brave step toward growth and change. Once rapport and safety is established, giving the self permission to be raw and vulnerable is what I strive for with clients. Feeling safe to explore discomfort and navigating different means of communication is at the heart of my work. The approach of curious exploration and demystification helps the individuals, couples and families that I work with resolve stressors related to anxiety, depression, grief, relational issues, work and academic influences, family dynamics, and LGBTQ issues.
Any individual, couple, or family making the decision to embark on therapy has made a brave step toward growth and change. Once rapport and safety is established, giving the self permission to be raw and vulnerable is what I strive for with clients. Feeling safe to explore discomfort and navigating different means of communication is at the heart of my work. The approach of curious exploration and demystification helps the individuals, couples and families that I work with resolve stressors related to anxiety, depression, grief, relational issues, work and academic influences, family dynamics, and LGBTQ issues.
(855) 286-2210 View (855) 286-2210
Photo of Jennifer Nadler, Counselor in Syracuse, NY
Jennifer Nadler
Counselor, MHC-LP, MA, MSEd
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13214  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Do you feel lost, alone or like nothing in life makes sense anymore? Are you exhausted and unsure of what your next move should be? Does anxiety eat away at your thoughts and behaviors? Maybe you wonder if it will ever be possible to heal from past wounds & mistakes. I've been there and I get it.
Do you feel lost, alone or like nothing in life makes sense anymore? Are you exhausted and unsure of what your next move should be? Does anxiety eat away at your thoughts and behaviors? Maybe you wonder if it will ever be possible to heal from past wounds & mistakes. I've been there and I get it.
(315) 688-7235 View (315) 688-7235
Photo of Emily Covello, Pre-Licensed Professional in Syracuse, NY
Emily Covello
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13212
I understand that anxiety and OCD often feel overwhelming and isolating; how it is often difficult to explain the relentlessness of intrusive thoughts and worry. I recognize that OCD is a lot more than the compulsions people can see and how the constant worry gets in the way of all you want to do. In working with me you will feel understood and learn the tools necessary to reclaim your life. Everyone's version of healing is different and I am here to be a guide as we create your own path forward. I am dedicated to helping you free yourself from the cycle of worry and doubt.
I understand that anxiety and OCD often feel overwhelming and isolating; how it is often difficult to explain the relentlessness of intrusive thoughts and worry. I recognize that OCD is a lot more than the compulsions people can see and how the constant worry gets in the way of all you want to do. In working with me you will feel understood and learn the tools necessary to reclaim your life. Everyone's version of healing is different and I am here to be a guide as we create your own path forward. I am dedicated to helping you free yourself from the cycle of worry and doubt.
(315) 812-6369 x508 View (315) 812-6369 x508
Photo of Ginger Anson in Syracuse, NY
Ginger Anson
MA, MEd, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13210  (Online Only)
Imagine that a miracle happens overnight. When you wake up, you are living as your ideal self. What is the first thing you and others will notice about you? What role will you play in creating your miracle cure? How can we work together to make this your reality? Creating a trusting therapeutic relationship is the first step. Whether you want to decrease isolation, increase connections with friends & family, or help to find the right solution, I am here. My specialty is finding the root of the problem, exposing it to the sunlight, and helping it move from the place it has been stuck to stuck to create room for growth and healing.
Imagine that a miracle happens overnight. When you wake up, you are living as your ideal self. What is the first thing you and others will notice about you? What role will you play in creating your miracle cure? How can we work together to make this your reality? Creating a trusting therapeutic relationship is the first step. Whether you want to decrease isolation, increase connections with friends & family, or help to find the right solution, I am here. My specialty is finding the root of the problem, exposing it to the sunlight, and helping it move from the place it has been stuck to stuck to create room for growth and healing.
(315) 897-8135 View (315) 897-8135
Photo of Harvest House Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Syracuse, NY
Harvest House Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13224
Harvest House is a dream that was born out of a passion for promoting healthy relationships in families, marriages, and individuals as they work toward hope and healing. You don’t have to be going through a difficult personal time, suffering from anxiety, or grieving in order to take advantage of all we have to offer. Therapy is designed to help you find insight, support, and new strategies for life's struggles. With the potentiality to gain benefits such as personal responsibility, self-awareness, objectivity, healthy communication skills, and healthy boundaries, there is little reason to wait any longer.
Harvest House is a dream that was born out of a passion for promoting healthy relationships in families, marriages, and individuals as they work toward hope and healing. You don’t have to be going through a difficult personal time, suffering from anxiety, or grieving in order to take advantage of all we have to offer. Therapy is designed to help you find insight, support, and new strategies for life's struggles. With the potentiality to gain benefits such as personal responsibility, self-awareness, objectivity, healthy communication skills, and healthy boundaries, there is little reason to wait any longer.
(315) 800-0011 View (315) 800-0011
Photo of Shawne Ellen Steiger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Syracuse, NY
Shawne Ellen Steiger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13210  (Online Only)
I have 31 years of experience helping people who are hurting change their lives. Often, we develop skills to survive difficult situations -childhood abuse, bullying in school, a bad car accident, sexual assault, an abusive marriage or boss - and it's hard to stop using those old skills, even when we no longer need them. We react in a new relationship as if we have to protect ourselves from things in the past. This often leads to more pain and unwanted outcomes. I can help you recognize those maladaptive coping skills. Change is difficult and often scary, but so worth it. I will be there cheerleading you as you practice new skills.
I have 31 years of experience helping people who are hurting change their lives. Often, we develop skills to survive difficult situations -childhood abuse, bullying in school, a bad car accident, sexual assault, an abusive marriage or boss - and it's hard to stop using those old skills, even when we no longer need them. We react in a new relationship as if we have to protect ourselves from things in the past. This often leads to more pain and unwanted outcomes. I can help you recognize those maladaptive coping skills. Change is difficult and often scary, but so worth it. I will be there cheerleading you as you practice new skills.
(680) 206-2402 View (680) 206-2402
Photo of Soulshine Eating Disorder Counseling, Counselor in Syracuse, NY
Soulshine Eating Disorder Counseling
Counselor, MS, LMHC, CEDS-S, NCC, CAS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13206  (Online Only)
We offer professional strength-based therapy and supportive services to clients and encourage personal growth and healing. Our services are designed to enhance the client's ability to make positive choices for themselves and help empower them to meet their goals. We specialize in providing mental health treatment and team collaboration to those 14+ with eating disorders. In addition, we supervise those becoming certified in the field of eating disorder counseling. Though treating people with eating disorders is my specialty, I am happy to treat other mental health challenges.
We offer professional strength-based therapy and supportive services to clients and encourage personal growth and healing. Our services are designed to enhance the client's ability to make positive choices for themselves and help empower them to meet their goals. We specialize in providing mental health treatment and team collaboration to those 14+ with eating disorders. In addition, we supervise those becoming certified in the field of eating disorder counseling. Though treating people with eating disorders is my specialty, I am happy to treat other mental health challenges.
(332) 334-8956 View (332) 334-8956

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Syracuse, NY

400+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Syracuse, NY who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
75% Coping Skills
75% Stress
74% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aetna
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
56% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Syracuse, NY see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Syracuse?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.