Therapists in Pittsfield, MA

Photo of Danielle Saltamartini, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsfield, MA
Danielle Saltamartini
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist, I aim to help my clients achieve and maintain the best version of themselves. My hope is that through the power of the therapeutic relationship, clients are able to be vulnerable, explore their authentic selves, and learn the tools necessary to help them cope with the struggles in their daily lives and relationships. Through the reflection on past experiences and the exploration of present thoughts, behaviors, and emotions, I work to help my clients gain insight and facilitate change in their lives.
As a therapist, I aim to help my clients achieve and maintain the best version of themselves. My hope is that through the power of the therapeutic relationship, clients are able to be vulnerable, explore their authentic selves, and learn the tools necessary to help them cope with the struggles in their daily lives and relationships. Through the reflection on past experiences and the exploration of present thoughts, behaviors, and emotions, I work to help my clients gain insight and facilitate change in their lives.
(413) 251-6430 View (413) 251-6430
Photo of Lauren Blackerby, Counselor in Pittsfield, MA
Lauren Blackerby
Counselor, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
I have helped clients experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, and those learning to manage their mental health symptoms. When life can feel overwhelming and we are not sure how to cope, I believe that therapy can help to provide us with the tools we need to manage our stress and our mental health symptoms. These skills can also better equip us to do the work of processing past trauma and working through family of origin issues. I believe you are the expert when it comes to your work and healing.
I have helped clients experiencing anxiety, depression, life transitions, and those learning to manage their mental health symptoms. When life can feel overwhelming and we are not sure how to cope, I believe that therapy can help to provide us with the tools we need to manage our stress and our mental health symptoms. These skills can also better equip us to do the work of processing past trauma and working through family of origin issues. I believe you are the expert when it comes to your work and healing.
(508) 691-8934 View (508) 691-8934
Photo of Kate Banks, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsfield, MA
Kate Banks
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS MHC, MBA
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Welcome. From a person-centered perspective, I work collaboratively with my clients. With you, I help identify both the obstacles and the openings on the road toward your desired change or evolution. I am the observing guide who might form connections, challenge assumptions, or help you see what is calling to be seen. Present with what you share, I listen without judgment to your experience and its unique meaning for you. I am a psychotherapist who values the safety and sanctity inherent to the therapeutic relationship; one where you are met with genuineness and acceptance.
Welcome. From a person-centered perspective, I work collaboratively with my clients. With you, I help identify both the obstacles and the openings on the road toward your desired change or evolution. I am the observing guide who might form connections, challenge assumptions, or help you see what is calling to be seen. Present with what you share, I listen without judgment to your experience and its unique meaning for you. I am a psychotherapist who values the safety and sanctity inherent to the therapeutic relationship; one where you are met with genuineness and acceptance.
(413) 225-4525 View (413) 225-4525
Photo of Insights Psychological Services, PLLC, Counselor in Pittsfield, MA
Insights Psychological Services, PLLC
Counselor
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
Welcome! We are a telehealth group practice comprised of relationally oriented clinicians serving college students, graduate students, professionals, and couples. We provide treatment for symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relationship issues. We offer guidance with building effective communication skills and strategies, so clients feel empowered and are able to convey their needs and wants to others.
Welcome! We are a telehealth group practice comprised of relationally oriented clinicians serving college students, graduate students, professionals, and couples. We provide treatment for symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and relationship issues. We offer guidance with building effective communication skills and strategies, so clients feel empowered and are able to convey their needs and wants to others.
(781) 332-4058 View (781) 332-4058
Photo of Jean Clarke-Mitchell, PhD, Psychotherapy Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsfield, MA
Jean Clarke-Mitchell, PhD, Psychotherapy Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01202
Waitlist for new clients
Thank you for choosing my profile. I am a multicultural, multiethnic, psychotherapist practicing Psychodynamic, DBT, CBT, and other forms of evidence-based therapy. My main focus is your care. I can provide you with compassionate and effective care, which will help to increase your sense of trust and safety. You will receive the benefits of my years of experience treating individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and addictions in an environment that fosters motivation and progress. I love working with all types of people and I look forward to assisting you in your journey to well-being, good health, and contentment in life.
Thank you for choosing my profile. I am a multicultural, multiethnic, psychotherapist practicing Psychodynamic, DBT, CBT, and other forms of evidence-based therapy. My main focus is your care. I can provide you with compassionate and effective care, which will help to increase your sense of trust and safety. You will receive the benefits of my years of experience treating individuals struggling with anxiety, depression, and addictions in an environment that fosters motivation and progress. I love working with all types of people and I look forward to assisting you in your journey to well-being, good health, and contentment in life.
(413) 203-6382 View (413) 203-6382
Photo of Heart & Soul Psychotherapy, Counselor in Pittsfield, MA
Heart & Soul Psychotherapy
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsfield, MA 01201
I create a safe, supportive space within which you can dare to fully be yourself and experience what you are really feeling. Life is challenging and it can be hard to thrive going it alone. I can help you to work through blocks and become more loving and whole. Loving yourself as you are releases your life energy and opens you to new opportunities and possibilities. Choices become clear and change then becomes a natural, nearly effortless flow. We live in a time of nearly constant distraction and disconnect - I help people focus on themselves and what they really need.
I create a safe, supportive space within which you can dare to fully be yourself and experience what you are really feeling. Life is challenging and it can be hard to thrive going it alone. I can help you to work through blocks and become more loving and whole. Loving yourself as you are releases your life energy and opens you to new opportunities and possibilities. Choices become clear and change then becomes a natural, nearly effortless flow. We live in a time of nearly constant distraction and disconnect - I help people focus on themselves and what they really need.
(413) 486-0986 View (413) 486-0986
Photo of Kari Lisa Dupuis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsfield, MA
Kari Lisa Dupuis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
I welcome working with adolescents, adults and families. My professional background working at a number of social service and health organizations, and 16 years as a School Counselor. I believe that every client has unique strengths and will work in collaboration with you to develop therapeutic goals that are important and meaningful for you. In our sessions, we will work together to clarify your thoughts, feelings, needs and explore creative and realistic options for your concerns. Through this process, you can discover and decide on any changes you may choose to create your best life.
I welcome working with adolescents, adults and families. My professional background working at a number of social service and health organizations, and 16 years as a School Counselor. I believe that every client has unique strengths and will work in collaboration with you to develop therapeutic goals that are important and meaningful for you. In our sessions, we will work together to clarify your thoughts, feelings, needs and explore creative and realistic options for your concerns. Through this process, you can discover and decide on any changes you may choose to create your best life.
(413) 429-4374 View (413) 429-4374
Photo of Laurie J Swiatek, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsfield, MA
Laurie J Swiatek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Not accepting new clients
Since 2001 I have been providing psychotherapy to Individuals, Families and Teens in Berkshire County. I feel very fortunate to be involved in this work that I love, that of the Behavioral and Emotional Healing Arts. There are many treatment modalities available to practicing therapists like myself, but the single most important element in successful psychotherapy is the quality of the therapist-client relationship.
Since 2001 I have been providing psychotherapy to Individuals, Families and Teens in Berkshire County. I feel very fortunate to be involved in this work that I love, that of the Behavioral and Emotional Healing Arts. There are many treatment modalities available to practicing therapists like myself, but the single most important element in successful psychotherapy is the quality of the therapist-client relationship.
(413) 623-3167 View (413) 623-3167
Photo of Katherine Cortes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsfield, MA
Katherine Cortes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Now accepting new clients virtually with openings on Mondays and Tuesdays. I am a bilingual therapist with over 20 years of experience working with children and families of diverse populations. I focus on the stages of development, social interactions, and how it can have an impact on daily functioning. I focus on issues like school, relationships, family systems, emotional dysregulation, self-esteem/identity, and anxiety and depression. My goal is to help my clients gain skills to thrive rather than just survive.
Now accepting new clients virtually with openings on Mondays and Tuesdays. I am a bilingual therapist with over 20 years of experience working with children and families of diverse populations. I focus on the stages of development, social interactions, and how it can have an impact on daily functioning. I focus on issues like school, relationships, family systems, emotional dysregulation, self-esteem/identity, and anxiety and depression. My goal is to help my clients gain skills to thrive rather than just survive.
(413) 307-3973 View (413) 307-3973
Photo of Alysha Warren, Counselor in Pittsfield, MA
Alysha Warren
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
Life after sexual trauma can be disorienting, altering your self-perception, trust in others, and connection with your body. It can extend beyond memories, impacting every facet of life. Coping with intense emotions, rebuilding trust, feeling disconnected from your body, experiencing flashbacks, avoiding triggers, and battling shame are common challenges. You might feel isolated and struggle to maintain balance in daily life. Through holistic, integrative, and somatic therapy approaches, we can explore pathways to healing, focusing on reclaiming your life and fostering reconnection with your body.
Life after sexual trauma can be disorienting, altering your self-perception, trust in others, and connection with your body. It can extend beyond memories, impacting every facet of life. Coping with intense emotions, rebuilding trust, feeling disconnected from your body, experiencing flashbacks, avoiding triggers, and battling shame are common challenges. You might feel isolated and struggle to maintain balance in daily life. Through holistic, integrative, and somatic therapy approaches, we can explore pathways to healing, focusing on reclaiming your life and fostering reconnection with your body.
(413) 323-3383 View (413) 323-3383
Photo of Brenda Morrill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsfield, MA
Brenda Morrill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Growing up today is hard work and it requires compassionate curiousity. I work with others to identify strength based approaches, using art, animals, music and ecotherapy. Finding our joy and peace of mind holds an important space in our lives. I offer creative strategies to support balance, learn healthy choices and let go of what doesn't serve you . Mindfulness and healing gardens grow love. Children, adolescents, and young adults appreciate life hacks. I share my own life hacks for wellness . I'm grateful to share over 20 years of experience, while holding the space for us to identify “ the next right thing” for you together .
Growing up today is hard work and it requires compassionate curiousity. I work with others to identify strength based approaches, using art, animals, music and ecotherapy. Finding our joy and peace of mind holds an important space in our lives. I offer creative strategies to support balance, learn healthy choices and let go of what doesn't serve you . Mindfulness and healing gardens grow love. Children, adolescents, and young adults appreciate life hacks. I share my own life hacks for wellness . I'm grateful to share over 20 years of experience, while holding the space for us to identify “ the next right thing” for you together .
(413) 327-9709 View (413) 327-9709
Photo of Courtney Fulks Coduri, Counselor in Pittsfield, MA
Courtney Fulks Coduri
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Worry, stress, grief, and growth seem to be playing out everywhere while so many struggle, too often in isolation. I have years of experience working with adult and teen clients on concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, identity, and relationships, with a focus on navigating life transitions and challenges. I believe each person has incredible capacity to grow and heal when given space and support to do so in their own way. My approach starts with curiosity, how it is to move through the world as you.
Worry, stress, grief, and growth seem to be playing out everywhere while so many struggle, too often in isolation. I have years of experience working with adult and teen clients on concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, identity, and relationships, with a focus on navigating life transitions and challenges. I believe each person has incredible capacity to grow and heal when given space and support to do so in their own way. My approach starts with curiosity, how it is to move through the world as you.
(413) 384-5490 View (413) 384-5490
Photo of Scott Murray, Psychologist in Pittsfield, MA
Scott Murray
Psychologist, PhD, FACHE
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
I believe that a good therapist is a collaborator who works with you as part of a team. In this way, I will not only offer insights and help identify possibly unhealthy patterns, but I also will provide direction, support, and assistance in developing the skills you need to overcome your challenges. My approach to therapy is cognitive behavioral and solution-focused. My intent is to always provide a safe, compassionate, and caring space in which to better understand the challenges you face and to help you develop or enhance the skills you need to meet your goals.
I believe that a good therapist is a collaborator who works with you as part of a team. In this way, I will not only offer insights and help identify possibly unhealthy patterns, but I also will provide direction, support, and assistance in developing the skills you need to overcome your challenges. My approach to therapy is cognitive behavioral and solution-focused. My intent is to always provide a safe, compassionate, and caring space in which to better understand the challenges you face and to help you develop or enhance the skills you need to meet your goals.
(413) 344-2755 View (413) 344-2755
Photo of Ann L Greenbaum-Mucia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsfield, MA
Ann L Greenbaum-Mucia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
I have been practicing for over 30 years in many capacities as a clinical supervisor, consultant,coordinator and director of programs in residential and community mental health clinics. I am absolutely humbled and respect clients" resiliency and courage as they confront their various life stressors.
I have been practicing for over 30 years in many capacities as a clinical supervisor, consultant,coordinator and director of programs in residential and community mental health clinics. I am absolutely humbled and respect clients" resiliency and courage as they confront their various life stressors.
(413) 566-7386 View (413) 566-7386
Photo of Jim Mucia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsfield, MA
Jim Mucia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
My Interventions are evidenced based and time tested in years of practice. I work with anxiety and depression with sub-specialties in addictions, sport psychology and chronic pain management. I also specialize in couples and family therapy. Thank you for viewing my profile. I am more than happy to answer any questions you might have, please feel free to call.
My Interventions are evidenced based and time tested in years of practice. I work with anxiety and depression with sub-specialties in addictions, sport psychology and chronic pain management. I also specialize in couples and family therapy. Thank you for viewing my profile. I am more than happy to answer any questions you might have, please feel free to call.
(413) 418-3827 View (413) 418-3827
Photo of Morgan Jasewicz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsfield, MA
Morgan Jasewicz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS MHC
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
I leverage the knowledge and stories of those I work with to help individuals gain insight, self-compassion, and acceptance in response to the obstacles that inevitably arise in life. These issues range from navigating relationship or adjustment difficulties to supporting clients with complex trauma. My intention is for individuals to be better able to create space for the future rather than the past alone and strengthen their capacity to overcome current difficulties. I have a special interest in attachment-based issues and support clients in identifying patterns that may be masking one's authentic self.
I leverage the knowledge and stories of those I work with to help individuals gain insight, self-compassion, and acceptance in response to the obstacles that inevitably arise in life. These issues range from navigating relationship or adjustment difficulties to supporting clients with complex trauma. My intention is for individuals to be better able to create space for the future rather than the past alone and strengthen their capacity to overcome current difficulties. I have a special interest in attachment-based issues and support clients in identifying patterns that may be masking one's authentic self.
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Photo of Samuel Utz, Counselor in Pittsfield, MA
Samuel Utz
Counselor, LMHC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsfield, MA 01201
If you struggle with intrusive thoughts, checking, reassurance seeking, anxiety, obsessions, or compulsions that are impairing your daily life, I may be able to help you. If you are struggling with the challenges of pregnancy, early parenthood, other perinatal stressors, I may be able to help.My two main specialties include diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and perinatal/postpartum mental health issues. I also treat individuals with anxiety, depression, bereavement, trauma, and mood disorders.
If you struggle with intrusive thoughts, checking, reassurance seeking, anxiety, obsessions, or compulsions that are impairing your daily life, I may be able to help you. If you are struggling with the challenges of pregnancy, early parenthood, other perinatal stressors, I may be able to help.My two main specialties include diagnosis and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and perinatal/postpartum mental health issues. I also treat individuals with anxiety, depression, bereavement, trauma, and mood disorders.
(413) 331-7690 View (413) 331-7690
Photo of Holistic Wellness & Healing, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsfield, MA
Holistic Wellness & Healing, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201  (Online Only)
Experiencing struggles with perinatal or postpartum mental health (depression, anxiety, psychosis)? Needing to heal from miscarriage or infant/child loss? Wanting to find space to work on disordered eating, body acceptance and self-worth? Have a history of trauma (childhood abuse, sexual assault, domestic violence)? Looking to heal and find peace of mind? To feel seen and be heard? Connect with Danielle Shumway, Holistic Wellness & Healing, and start your journey today!
Experiencing struggles with perinatal or postpartum mental health (depression, anxiety, psychosis)? Needing to heal from miscarriage or infant/child loss? Wanting to find space to work on disordered eating, body acceptance and self-worth? Have a history of trauma (childhood abuse, sexual assault, domestic violence)? Looking to heal and find peace of mind? To feel seen and be heard? Connect with Danielle Shumway, Holistic Wellness & Healing, and start your journey today!
(413) 358-4418 View (413) 358-4418
Photo of Trudy Carl, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsfield, MA
Trudy Carl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
Welcome, as you step into the realm of positive change and growth, you've embarked on a journey towards a brighter present and a thriving future. I am Trudy, LCSW (she/her/hers), a Licensed Clinical Social Worker dedicated to guiding individuals, families, and couples towards uncovering their innate wholeness amidst life's challenges. With over 15 years of experience, my practice encompasses a diverse range of specialties including developmental/relational trauma, life transitions, shame, anger, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, PTSD, incarceration/re-entry life stressors, academic/career related concerns, substance use and more.
Welcome, as you step into the realm of positive change and growth, you've embarked on a journey towards a brighter present and a thriving future. I am Trudy, LCSW (she/her/hers), a Licensed Clinical Social Worker dedicated to guiding individuals, families, and couples towards uncovering their innate wholeness amidst life's challenges. With over 15 years of experience, my practice encompasses a diverse range of specialties including developmental/relational trauma, life transitions, shame, anger, depression, anxiety, grief/loss, PTSD, incarceration/re-entry life stressors, academic/career related concerns, substance use and more.
(413) 414-4904 View (413) 414-4904
Photo of Marshall Silverstein, Psychologist in Pittsfield, MA
Marshall Silverstein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsfield, MA 01201
The heart of my work is to help people find better solutions to life's problems, and to help people find relief from personal and work relationships that have become stressful. In over 35 years' experience treating adults of all ages, I appreciate and respect each person's struggle to overcome problems interfering with leading emotionally satisfying and productive lives.
The heart of my work is to help people find better solutions to life's problems, and to help people find relief from personal and work relationships that have become stressful. In over 35 years' experience treating adults of all ages, I appreciate and respect each person's struggle to overcome problems interfering with leading emotionally satisfying and productive lives.
(413) 650-5048 View (413) 650-5048

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsfield, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Pittsfield, MA who prioritize treating:

87% Anxiety
80% Depression
72% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
63% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
57% Aetna

How Therapists in Pittsfield, MA see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.