Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Peter Bradley, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Peter Bradley
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I have been a practicing psychologist since 1989 helping individuals and couples in emotional distress due to the common sources of adult unhappiness: divorce or romantic disappointment, family strife, alcohol or substance addiction, job stress, life transitions, chronic or life-threatening illness, and difficulties with aging. For couples I employ the Gottman approach to counseling, which is most useful for couples seeking to de-escalate arguments and/or recover from an affair. I also offer consulting and supervision services to psychotherapists and psychology students on a reduced fee basis.
I have been a practicing psychologist since 1989 helping individuals and couples in emotional distress due to the common sources of adult unhappiness: divorce or romantic disappointment, family strife, alcohol or substance addiction, job stress, life transitions, chronic or life-threatening illness, and difficulties with aging. For couples I employ the Gottman approach to counseling, which is most useful for couples seeking to de-escalate arguments and/or recover from an affair. I also offer consulting and supervision services to psychotherapists and psychology students on a reduced fee basis.
(415) 324-4254 View (415) 324-4254
Photo of Jazmine Whisenant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jazmine Whisenant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
My passion has always been helping individuals through challenging times. I offer a safe space for participants to express themselves, explore concerns and learn new ways to cope with stressors. Whether you are grappling with with interpersonal issues, anxiety, depression, grief, identity, or everyday stress, I’m here to meet you where you’re at with compassion, patience, laughter and zero judgment as we collaborate on your therapeutic goals. My practice is primarily psychodynamic, while incorporating elements of cognitive and behavioral therapies as needed to assist in restructuring self-defeating patterns.
My passion has always been helping individuals through challenging times. I offer a safe space for participants to express themselves, explore concerns and learn new ways to cope with stressors. Whether you are grappling with with interpersonal issues, anxiety, depression, grief, identity, or everyday stress, I’m here to meet you where you’re at with compassion, patience, laughter and zero judgment as we collaborate on your therapeutic goals. My practice is primarily psychodynamic, while incorporating elements of cognitive and behavioral therapies as needed to assist in restructuring self-defeating patterns.
(510) 890-0629 View (510) 890-0629
Photo of Rebekah Smith, Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Rebekah Smith
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
There comes a point for many of us when we realize that we don’t want to face our problems alone. We are human after all, and a part of what defines that humanity is our need for each other. Maybe it’s difficult for you to acknowledge this desire. You may be afraid to let people in and get close. You might tend to give more than you get back. Sometimes you might not even know what is that you're needing. Maybe you find yourself stuck in the same patterns you thought you had broken. You might feel self-critical. You may be marginalized and feel unseen and unheard. Feelings of hopelessness, grief, and anxiety might overwhelm you.
There comes a point for many of us when we realize that we don’t want to face our problems alone. We are human after all, and a part of what defines that humanity is our need for each other. Maybe it’s difficult for you to acknowledge this desire. You may be afraid to let people in and get close. You might tend to give more than you get back. Sometimes you might not even know what is that you're needing. Maybe you find yourself stuck in the same patterns you thought you had broken. You might feel self-critical. You may be marginalized and feel unseen and unheard. Feelings of hopelessness, grief, and anxiety might overwhelm you.
(628) 238-5844 View (628) 238-5844
Photo of Aviva Euripides, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Aviva Euripides
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, lacana
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94121  (Online Only)
I am an experienced clinician and gauge our work by the progress you are making towards your treatment goals. I have extensive experience as a clinical consultant and provide consultation for clinicians. I have supervised clinicians in treatment settings ranging from the counselor's office to acute mental health facilities. I have a professional background in the arts and work with self defined meaning, identity and creative processes. My work specifically is in Lacanalysis and I am in ongoing formation as such with Jacques Siboni at Lutecium Paris, www.lutecium.org.
I am an experienced clinician and gauge our work by the progress you are making towards your treatment goals. I have extensive experience as a clinical consultant and provide consultation for clinicians. I have supervised clinicians in treatment settings ranging from the counselor's office to acute mental health facilities. I have a professional background in the arts and work with self defined meaning, identity and creative processes. My work specifically is in Lacanalysis and I am in ongoing formation as such with Jacques Siboni at Lutecium Paris, www.lutecium.org.
(415) 301-5219 View (415) 301-5219
Photo of Mara Dubey, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Mara Dubey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
If you've stumbled upon this page I imagine that you're trying to find a therapist that you feel like you can talk to, someone who will understand you. From this page and my website, I hope you can get a feel for me and how I work. I see psychotherapy as a place where you get to express yourself as freely as possible within the context of a trusting and supportive relationship.
If you've stumbled upon this page I imagine that you're trying to find a therapist that you feel like you can talk to, someone who will understand you. From this page and my website, I hope you can get a feel for me and how I work. I see psychotherapy as a place where you get to express yourself as freely as possible within the context of a trusting and supportive relationship.
(415) 873-9145 View (415) 873-9145
Photo of Joshua Cross, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Joshua Cross
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Do you know what you want? Do you want to be free? Happy? Relaxed in your body? Content? Passionate and sexy? Courageous in the face of fear? More connected to your partner or to the Divine? How do you get in the way of living the life you want? Do you constantly judge yourself? Noticing all the ways you "fail" to live up to way you "should" be. Or do you tend to direct that criticism outwards? Blaming others, feeling envy, or always waiting for external circumstances to line up just right so you can finally live how you want.
Do you know what you want? Do you want to be free? Happy? Relaxed in your body? Content? Passionate and sexy? Courageous in the face of fear? More connected to your partner or to the Divine? How do you get in the way of living the life you want? Do you constantly judge yourself? Noticing all the ways you "fail" to live up to way you "should" be. Or do you tend to direct that criticism outwards? Blaming others, feeling envy, or always waiting for external circumstances to line up just right so you can finally live how you want.
(415) 968-5393 View (415) 968-5393
Photo of Don Mack, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Don Mack, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LCT-C
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I provide psychotherapy for individuals, couples and families. My aim is to help you identify and understand past experiences and to assist you in making decisions to cultivate a life of satisfaction, meaning and peace.
I provide psychotherapy for individuals, couples and families. My aim is to help you identify and understand past experiences and to assist you in making decisions to cultivate a life of satisfaction, meaning and peace.
(415) 630-6557 View (415) 630-6557
Photo of Nick Weathersby, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Nick Weathersby
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
So often we live in the grip of anxiety and depression. Our families pull out our worst, the realities of adulthood drain us, loss of loved ones or our own capacities become existential reality. Despite these challenges, we can always make changes in ourselves to increase our resilience and sense of fulfillment in life. Psychotherapy is serious work. While humor and levity in the present can help lighten difficult memories, we will dive deep into the past with expert attention to inform movement into a more complete future.
So often we live in the grip of anxiety and depression. Our families pull out our worst, the realities of adulthood drain us, loss of loved ones or our own capacities become existential reality. Despite these challenges, we can always make changes in ourselves to increase our resilience and sense of fulfillment in life. Psychotherapy is serious work. While humor and levity in the present can help lighten difficult memories, we will dive deep into the past with expert attention to inform movement into a more complete future.
(628) 209-0979 View (628) 209-0979
Photo of Camilla Busnovetsky, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Camilla Busnovetsky
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
If you're looking for a therapist, you're probably feeling like life is harder than it should be. Well, life IS hard. It can also be filled with a lot of joy, love, and fulfillment if you know where to look. You may be in your 20s navigating post college life, or perhaps you're a new parent struggling with a brand new identity, or maybe you're a child of immigrants feeling stuck between 2 cultures and sets of expectations.
If you're looking for a therapist, you're probably feeling like life is harder than it should be. Well, life IS hard. It can also be filled with a lot of joy, love, and fulfillment if you know where to look. You may be in your 20s navigating post college life, or perhaps you're a new parent struggling with a brand new identity, or maybe you're a child of immigrants feeling stuck between 2 cultures and sets of expectations.
(415) 742-2883 View (415) 742-2883
Photo of Brittany Gilmore, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Brittany Gilmore
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
My therapy style is warm, engaging, and collaborative and I believe that authentic and supportive relationships are key to healing. My philosophy is to seek to understand the whole person with genuine interest, care, and compassion. I use a tailored approach to help you reach your goals, typically combining several modalities including Humanistic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, and Solution Focused Therapy. Providing client-centered and trauma-informed care that is culturally sensitive, strength-based, and rooted in compassion is at the heart of my work.
My therapy style is warm, engaging, and collaborative and I believe that authentic and supportive relationships are key to healing. My philosophy is to seek to understand the whole person with genuine interest, care, and compassion. I use a tailored approach to help you reach your goals, typically combining several modalities including Humanistic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, and Solution Focused Therapy. Providing client-centered and trauma-informed care that is culturally sensitive, strength-based, and rooted in compassion is at the heart of my work.
(415) 702-3804 View (415) 702-3804
Photo of Blanca Amaya, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Blanca Amaya
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I have been in the helping profession for over 10 years, working with adults using evidence-based and alternative practices. I work under a multicultural and trauma-informed lens that allows me to understand your individual needs and meet you where you are in your journey. Together we will focus on your currents needs and goals to help create trust within the therapeutic relationship. I specialize in helping individuals heal from trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
I have been in the helping profession for over 10 years, working with adults using evidence-based and alternative practices. I work under a multicultural and trauma-informed lens that allows me to understand your individual needs and meet you where you are in your journey. Together we will focus on your currents needs and goals to help create trust within the therapeutic relationship. I specialize in helping individuals heal from trauma, PTSD, anxiety, and depression.
(415) 329-3753 View (415) 329-3753
Photo of Vanessa Berry, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Vanessa Berry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
My name is Vanessa Berry. I believe therapy is collaborative, strength-based, and client-centered. My focus areas of practice are anxiety, cultural issues, life transitions, and stress. My focus areas of practice are anxiety, cultural issues, life transitions, and stress. I have significant experience working with Spanish-speaking clients dealing with cultural and immigration issues.
My name is Vanessa Berry. I believe therapy is collaborative, strength-based, and client-centered. My focus areas of practice are anxiety, cultural issues, life transitions, and stress. My focus areas of practice are anxiety, cultural issues, life transitions, and stress. I have significant experience working with Spanish-speaking clients dealing with cultural and immigration issues.
(415) 599-1843 View (415) 599-1843
John Hanig
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94103
Looking for a queer therapist? I specialize in working with queer, gay, bisexual, & transgender adults & adolescents in California. I am most passionate about providing advocacy for cultural and economic diversity in our community and serving LGBTQ+ people experiencing depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Engaging in therapy is more important than ever especially in response to our current political climate and recent backlash of conservative values showing incredible disrespect toward the LGBTQ+ community and throwing extra stress at immigrant populations and communities of Color.
Looking for a queer therapist? I specialize in working with queer, gay, bisexual, & transgender adults & adolescents in California. I am most passionate about providing advocacy for cultural and economic diversity in our community and serving LGBTQ+ people experiencing depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Engaging in therapy is more important than ever especially in response to our current political climate and recent backlash of conservative values showing incredible disrespect toward the LGBTQ+ community and throwing extra stress at immigrant populations and communities of Color.
(415) 504-3833 View (415) 504-3833
Photo of Manuel A Manotas, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Manuel A Manotas
Psychologist, PsyD, SEP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
Imagine living free from the shackles of chronic anxiety, the heavy weight on your chest, and past traumas that keep echoing. If you yearn to quiet racing thoughts and self-criticism, my integrative somatic therapy can be transformative. Together, we'll uncover your inner strength and foster self-love, leading you towards a life of peace and resilience. Your journey towards true self-understanding and healing begins here."
Imagine living free from the shackles of chronic anxiety, the heavy weight on your chest, and past traumas that keep echoing. If you yearn to quiet racing thoughts and self-criticism, my integrative somatic therapy can be transformative. Together, we'll uncover your inner strength and foster self-love, leading you towards a life of peace and resilience. Your journey towards true self-understanding and healing begins here."
(415) 873-8670 View (415) 873-8670
Photo of Molly Kathleen Saeger, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Molly Kathleen Saeger
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Feelings and thoughts, at times, may be difficult to manage. Anxiety, depression, painful entanglements, behavioral issues, and the lingering effects of damaging experiences can exhaust us. They may also interfere with relationships and affect behaviors. Finding meaning in difficult emotions and life events can be very helpful. My hope is to provide understanding and insight that creates a safe relationship and develops a sensible model for people to discover potentially destructive patterns, what really matters to them, and how one can live a more creative, flexible, and full life.
Feelings and thoughts, at times, may be difficult to manage. Anxiety, depression, painful entanglements, behavioral issues, and the lingering effects of damaging experiences can exhaust us. They may also interfere with relationships and affect behaviors. Finding meaning in difficult emotions and life events can be very helpful. My hope is to provide understanding and insight that creates a safe relationship and develops a sensible model for people to discover potentially destructive patterns, what really matters to them, and how one can live a more creative, flexible, and full life.
(415) 964-4721 View (415) 964-4721
Photo of Rachel Brandwene, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rachel Brandwene
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
Anxiety and stress can leave us feeling shattered, disconnected, and out of touch with our authentic selves. The constant overwhelm, isolation from misunderstood friends, and struggle to establish and uphold boundaries can be exhausting. It's possible you can't even recall a time when you didn't feel this way. But here's what's clear: you're craving relief. You're eager to cultivate fulfilling relationships free from the grip of the past. You're determined to regain confidence in asserting your needs. Above all, you're ready to rekindle self-love and embrace the future with renewed hope.
Anxiety and stress can leave us feeling shattered, disconnected, and out of touch with our authentic selves. The constant overwhelm, isolation from misunderstood friends, and struggle to establish and uphold boundaries can be exhausting. It's possible you can't even recall a time when you didn't feel this way. But here's what's clear: you're craving relief. You're eager to cultivate fulfilling relationships free from the grip of the past. You're determined to regain confidence in asserting your needs. Above all, you're ready to rekindle self-love and embrace the future with renewed hope.
(628) 203-1058 View (628) 203-1058
Photo of Holly Oswald, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Holly Oswald
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
Waitlist for new clients
I offer individual and family therapy for adults, adolescents, and children, and couples therapy for adult partners. Using a mixture of cognitive, expressive, and reflective approaches, I help clients address a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, grief, managing life transitions, behavioral problems, and relationship conflicts. I have specialized experience helping clients with histories of trauma, neglect, and abuse, as well as those who have been diagnosed with chronic illnesses and pain disorders.
I offer individual and family therapy for adults, adolescents, and children, and couples therapy for adult partners. Using a mixture of cognitive, expressive, and reflective approaches, I help clients address a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, grief, managing life transitions, behavioral problems, and relationship conflicts. I have specialized experience helping clients with histories of trauma, neglect, and abuse, as well as those who have been diagnosed with chronic illnesses and pain disorders.
(415) 969-2073 View (415) 969-2073
Photo of Anushka R Patel, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Anushka R Patel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94108  (Online Only)
Hey there. I am a clinical psychologist and I am based at Harvard for my post-dpctoral research. I have worked with women, veterans, children, LGBTQAI+ people for assessment and therapy. I am trained in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and many other evidence-based treatments. I can help you set goals, explore deeper issues, make real-life changes, and start to feel better in fewer sessions than long-term therapy models. Email me to set up a free call to learn more!
Hey there. I am a clinical psychologist and I am based at Harvard for my post-dpctoral research. I have worked with women, veterans, children, LGBTQAI+ people for assessment and therapy. I am trained in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and many other evidence-based treatments. I can help you set goals, explore deeper issues, make real-life changes, and start to feel better in fewer sessions than long-term therapy models. Email me to set up a free call to learn more!
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Photo of Rachel Ganz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rachel Ganz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Waitlist for new clients
If you’re here, I imagine you may have found yourself exhausted, stuck, and suffering despite your best efforts. Maybe you're so chronically overwhelmed from trying to balance the demands of life that you find yourself unable to enjoy any moments of rest or recharge. Or you feel that despite how far you've come in achieving your goals you're never doing enough, and you're losing sight of why those goals matter in the first place. Maybe you silently struggle with a deep-seated fear that you're one misstep away from proving yourself an imposter and losing all that you've worked towards. Do you worry you'll never stop feeling this way?
If you’re here, I imagine you may have found yourself exhausted, stuck, and suffering despite your best efforts. Maybe you're so chronically overwhelmed from trying to balance the demands of life that you find yourself unable to enjoy any moments of rest or recharge. Or you feel that despite how far you've come in achieving your goals you're never doing enough, and you're losing sight of why those goals matter in the first place. Maybe you silently struggle with a deep-seated fear that you're one misstep away from proving yourself an imposter and losing all that you've worked towards. Do you worry you'll never stop feeling this way?
(628) 266-4655 View (628) 266-4655
Photo of Lauren Mizock, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Lauren Mizock
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
My goal is to create an empowering space to draw from your strengths in overcoming current challenges. I work collaboratively with clients to establish ongoing, flexible goals for therapy to make our sessions most effective. I individualize therapy to each person using a range of techniques and approaches. I am particularly interested in the stories we tell about our lives and the meaning we make of them. My clients describe me as warm, positive, and insightful.
My goal is to create an empowering space to draw from your strengths in overcoming current challenges. I work collaboratively with clients to establish ongoing, flexible goals for therapy to make our sessions most effective. I individualize therapy to each person using a range of techniques and approaches. I am particularly interested in the stories we tell about our lives and the meaning we make of them. My clients describe me as warm, positive, and insightful.
(415) 843-8560 View (415) 843-8560

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.