Therapists in Pasadena, CA

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Photo of Kamran Eshtehardi, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Kamran Eshtehardi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Life is a canvas, and living is a creative process—an art form. Our mental health struggles can serve as paints for our canvas or act as binds that tie our hands. I help adults and teenagers unbind themselves, and paint their ways to fulfillment. I have expertise treating anxiety, depression, grief, and other struggles. My approach to therapy is collaborative, creative, and rooted in curiosity. These factors are key to a growth-inspiring therapeutic relationship. I strive to help clients go beyond behavior change to deeper self-understanding. Whether your aim is to navigate struggles, or achieve other goals, I may be able to help.
Life is a canvas, and living is a creative process—an art form. Our mental health struggles can serve as paints for our canvas or act as binds that tie our hands. I help adults and teenagers unbind themselves, and paint their ways to fulfillment. I have expertise treating anxiety, depression, grief, and other struggles. My approach to therapy is collaborative, creative, and rooted in curiosity. These factors are key to a growth-inspiring therapeutic relationship. I strive to help clients go beyond behavior change to deeper self-understanding. Whether your aim is to navigate struggles, or achieve other goals, I may be able to help.
(626) 469-7237 View (626) 469-7237
Photo of Roujin Jabbari, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Roujin Jabbari
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, my initial aim is to create a safe and non-judgmental place so that my clients are able to access and share their thoughts, emotions, and experiences with me. Through compassionate curiosity, I ask intentional questions that allow my clients to get to know themselves, their needs, and their goals for therapy. As clients process their past and present experiences with me, I help connect the dots – finding common themes and patterns that may be contributing to my client’s suffering or what we call “the presenting problem.”
As a therapist, my initial aim is to create a safe and non-judgmental place so that my clients are able to access and share their thoughts, emotions, and experiences with me. Through compassionate curiosity, I ask intentional questions that allow my clients to get to know themselves, their needs, and their goals for therapy. As clients process their past and present experiences with me, I help connect the dots – finding common themes and patterns that may be contributing to my client’s suffering or what we call “the presenting problem.”
(510) 906-8147 View (510) 906-8147
Photo of Kathlynn Gates, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Pasadena, CA
Kathlynn Gates
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Are you experiencing challenges dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship/family issues, and trauma/PTSD? Due to these symptoms, we can be in too much emotional pain and feel too stuck to reframe our perceptions or to find solutions to our problems. Childhood or recent trauma can cause emotional distress that can be difficult to process. I am here to support you in working through unresolved trauma and guide you toward healing. Therefore, you can feel empowered, rejuvenated, and enthusiastic about life again.
Are you experiencing challenges dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship/family issues, and trauma/PTSD? Due to these symptoms, we can be in too much emotional pain and feel too stuck to reframe our perceptions or to find solutions to our problems. Childhood or recent trauma can cause emotional distress that can be difficult to process. I am here to support you in working through unresolved trauma and guide you toward healing. Therefore, you can feel empowered, rejuvenated, and enthusiastic about life again.
(626) 788-8445 View (626) 788-8445
Photo of Albert Mellinkoff, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Albert Mellinkoff
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
Albert Mellinkoff is a psychologist who has been practicing since 2006. He obtained a doctorate in clinical psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology, with an emphasis on treating individuals and families. His theoretical approach is primarily psychodynamic, but because every client is unique, he uses an integrative approach to psychotherapy that draws on aspects of psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, systems, humanistic, and existential thought. He works collaboratively with his clients, listening, asking questions, and making observations.
Albert Mellinkoff is a psychologist who has been practicing since 2006. He obtained a doctorate in clinical psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology, with an emphasis on treating individuals and families. His theoretical approach is primarily psychodynamic, but because every client is unique, he uses an integrative approach to psychotherapy that draws on aspects of psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, systems, humanistic, and existential thought. He works collaboratively with his clients, listening, asking questions, and making observations.
(323) 612-1294 View (323) 612-1294
Photo of Alexander Loera, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Alexander Loera
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and have been practicing since 2015 out of Los Angeles, CA. I work with individual adults and young adults manage life transitions, relationship challenges, work stress, anxiety, and depression.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and have been practicing since 2015 out of Los Angeles, CA. I work with individual adults and young adults manage life transitions, relationship challenges, work stress, anxiety, and depression.
(323) 375-2898 View (323) 375-2898
Photo of Jasmine Bell Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Jasmine Bell Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Welcome! I provide counseling to children, teens, and parents from diverse backgrounds. My clinical training has been primarily working with children/teens who are experiencing difficulty managing their emotions, resulting in loss of temper, dysregulation, or withdrawing from others. I am certified in several evidenced-based therapies that address anxiety, depression, trauma, behavioral concerns, and parenting concerns. I use play, art, bibliotherapy, storytelling, and CBT to address a variety of needs.
Welcome! I provide counseling to children, teens, and parents from diverse backgrounds. My clinical training has been primarily working with children/teens who are experiencing difficulty managing their emotions, resulting in loss of temper, dysregulation, or withdrawing from others. I am certified in several evidenced-based therapies that address anxiety, depression, trauma, behavioral concerns, and parenting concerns. I use play, art, bibliotherapy, storytelling, and CBT to address a variety of needs.
(323) 417-8923 View (323) 417-8923
Photo of Linda Callahan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Linda Callahan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91107  (Online Only)
I know how hard it is to ask for help! It can seem insurmountable just to reach out to a therapist. I want to help you feel better and create goals with you to help manage your life and relationships. Therapy is hard work and understanding is an important key to a therapeutic relationship. Please remember there are no magic wands that can make things go away, but with work and help you can manage your life and increase your self-esteem to create a healthy environment in which to live your best life.
I know how hard it is to ask for help! It can seem insurmountable just to reach out to a therapist. I want to help you feel better and create goals with you to help manage your life and relationships. Therapy is hard work and understanding is an important key to a therapeutic relationship. Please remember there are no magic wands that can make things go away, but with work and help you can manage your life and increase your self-esteem to create a healthy environment in which to live your best life.
(626) 876-2344 View (626) 876-2344
Photo of Yiyi Rhys, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Yiyi Rhys
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91106
As a 1st gen immigrant who was a F1 student for 12 years, I resonate with the feeling of "being a foreigner". Along with many other overlooked factors, the impacts on our mental health is often unbearable. Combined with early life trauma and its effects on our adulthood, it lead to cycles of depression, anxiety, and relational challenges. Together, we'll explore how your mind and body process experiences; respect your past while foster healing and growth; embrace your inherent strengths to cultivate coping mechanisms, and utilize practical skills to address underlying issues to reclaim your authentic self.
As a 1st gen immigrant who was a F1 student for 12 years, I resonate with the feeling of "being a foreigner". Along with many other overlooked factors, the impacts on our mental health is often unbearable. Combined with early life trauma and its effects on our adulthood, it lead to cycles of depression, anxiety, and relational challenges. Together, we'll explore how your mind and body process experiences; respect your past while foster healing and growth; embrace your inherent strengths to cultivate coping mechanisms, and utilize practical skills to address underlying issues to reclaim your authentic self.
(626) 415-3193 View (626) 415-3193
Photo of Rakel Delevi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Rakel Delevi
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CFLE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91103
"HELL is PROXIMITY without INTIMACY". If you are physically close to your partner, but feel like thousands of miles away, then you can certainly relate to this definition. I recognize that one of the HARDEST DECISIONS in your relationship IS TO DECIDE WHETHER TO GIVE UP OR TRY HARDER! If you are STUCK, counseling might help you get clarity. My passion is to bring couples emotionally closer, and to help them CONNECT again. I work with individuals and couples going through life transitions (i.e.birth of children) or difficult issues such as affairs, trust, jealousy, and communication issues.
"HELL is PROXIMITY without INTIMACY". If you are physically close to your partner, but feel like thousands of miles away, then you can certainly relate to this definition. I recognize that one of the HARDEST DECISIONS in your relationship IS TO DECIDE WHETHER TO GIVE UP OR TRY HARDER! If you are STUCK, counseling might help you get clarity. My passion is to bring couples emotionally closer, and to help them CONNECT again. I work with individuals and couples going through life transitions (i.e.birth of children) or difficult issues such as affairs, trust, jealousy, and communication issues.
(310) 421-4253 View (310) 421-4253
Photo of Maria Favela, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Maria Favela
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91101
Maria Favela-Castro, is a bilingual Spanish-speaking, Registered Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, supervised by Dr. Clara Aparicio, Psy.D. PSY28302. Ms. Favela-Castro received her Master degree from National University in Counseling Psychology and her Bachelor of Arts degree from California State University, San Bernardino in Sociology. For the last 10years, Ms. Favela-Castro has gained experience in non-profit agencies assisting children, women, and their families.
Maria Favela-Castro, is a bilingual Spanish-speaking, Registered Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, supervised by Dr. Clara Aparicio, Psy.D. PSY28302. Ms. Favela-Castro received her Master degree from National University in Counseling Psychology and her Bachelor of Arts degree from California State University, San Bernardino in Sociology. For the last 10years, Ms. Favela-Castro has gained experience in non-profit agencies assisting children, women, and their families.
(626) 314-7982 View (626) 314-7982
Photo of Yajaira Kennison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Yajaira Kennison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
I am a practicing Catholic Spanish-speaking therapist who utilizes a holistic approach to treatment, addressing client welfare in body, mind, and soul by using a variety of techniques and modalities best suited for each client. My goal is to provide a safe space to support one's journey toward healing through effective coping skills, emotional regulation, and communication.
I am a practicing Catholic Spanish-speaking therapist who utilizes a holistic approach to treatment, addressing client welfare in body, mind, and soul by using a variety of techniques and modalities best suited for each client. My goal is to provide a safe space to support one's journey toward healing through effective coping skills, emotional regulation, and communication.
(626) 693-3473 View (626) 693-3473
Photo of Dustin Vander Haar, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Dustin Vander Haar
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91105
Healthy psychological development throughout child, adolescent, and young adulthood is the focus of my practice. I utilize family strengths to aid my clients in overcoming a wide range of academic, behavioral and relational challenges while uniquely offering a variety of data collection tools to direct interventions, measure progress, and create meaningful change. I realize that choosing a therapist is a difficult decision, especially when it comes to your children, so please feel free to inquire further to determine if my knowledge and experience fits your needs.
Healthy psychological development throughout child, adolescent, and young adulthood is the focus of my practice. I utilize family strengths to aid my clients in overcoming a wide range of academic, behavioral and relational challenges while uniquely offering a variety of data collection tools to direct interventions, measure progress, and create meaningful change. I realize that choosing a therapist is a difficult decision, especially when it comes to your children, so please feel free to inquire further to determine if my knowledge and experience fits your needs.
(626) 513-8284 x2 View (626) 513-8284 x2
Photo of Gloria S. Mendez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Gloria S. Mendez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91104  (Online Only)
Hi! Vulnerability with a stranger can be challenging and starting therapy can be intimidating. Because of this, I strive to create a safe space with compassion and authenticity to allow you the opportunity to explore difficult topics and conversations. I am bilingual and offer sessions in Spanish and English. I specialize in adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions and relationship issues.
Hi! Vulnerability with a stranger can be challenging and starting therapy can be intimidating. Because of this, I strive to create a safe space with compassion and authenticity to allow you the opportunity to explore difficult topics and conversations. I am bilingual and offer sessions in Spanish and English. I specialize in adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions and relationship issues.
(323) 990-6492 View (323) 990-6492
Photo of Craig Lorenz Gerlach, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Craig Lorenz Gerlach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91106
I've been in practice over thirty years, dividing my time between my private office ( where i've mostly seen adults) and CHLA Mental Health Clinic where I specialized in adolescents and where I served as one of the training directors for many years. For the last five years, I've devoted my time exclusively to my private practice where I use a range of treatment models ( individual/conjoint/family) and enjoy working with a diverse clientele in terms of presenting problems, age, gender and sexual orientation.
I've been in practice over thirty years, dividing my time between my private office ( where i've mostly seen adults) and CHLA Mental Health Clinic where I specialized in adolescents and where I served as one of the training directors for many years. For the last five years, I've devoted my time exclusively to my private practice where I use a range of treatment models ( individual/conjoint/family) and enjoy working with a diverse clientele in terms of presenting problems, age, gender and sexual orientation.
(626) 341-0460 View (626) 341-0460
Photo of Alessandro Pagliai Londono, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Pasadena, CA
Alessandro Pagliai Londono
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pasadena, CA 91106  (Online Only)
Seeking individuals eager to explore their inner worlds, willing to engage in transformative work through diverse psychological practices. Ideal clients are open-minded, ready to delve into emotional, cognitive, and relational growth, and curious about harnessing their strengths for personal development and healing. Whether you're navigating life's challenges, seeking deeper self-understanding, or aspiring for a fulfilling life, our journey together can provide the insight and tools you need.
Seeking individuals eager to explore their inner worlds, willing to engage in transformative work through diverse psychological practices. Ideal clients are open-minded, ready to delve into emotional, cognitive, and relational growth, and curious about harnessing their strengths for personal development and healing. Whether you're navigating life's challenges, seeking deeper self-understanding, or aspiring for a fulfilling life, our journey together can provide the insight and tools you need.
(626) 631-7704 View (626) 631-7704
Photo of Cristina Castrillon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Cristina Castrillon
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103  (Online Only)
We are all looking to obtain clarity and a sense of happiness and peace. Everyone is working from their experiences, feelings and views on life, making the best decisions based upon what they know to be true. Life can be challenging and at times confusing. Not only could we benefit from obtaining some support through that journey, but heightening our own awareness to ourselves and raising our consciousness to a healthier state of mind. I’m a believer that we all need a sense of purpose, fulfillment and connectivity. I welcome you in your decision to seek that for yourself.
We are all looking to obtain clarity and a sense of happiness and peace. Everyone is working from their experiences, feelings and views on life, making the best decisions based upon what they know to be true. Life can be challenging and at times confusing. Not only could we benefit from obtaining some support through that journey, but heightening our own awareness to ourselves and raising our consciousness to a healthier state of mind. I’m a believer that we all need a sense of purpose, fulfillment and connectivity. I welcome you in your decision to seek that for yourself.
(626) 344-0256 View (626) 344-0256
Photo of Maria Chan Huynh, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Maria Chan Huynh
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101  (Online Only)
I have experience treating a wide range of presenting concerns, diagnoses, and symptoms. My specialities areas include depression, anxiety, stress management, life transitions, work-related stressors, and trauma. When we make small changes and create new healthy habits, we start creating opportunities for personal growth.
I have experience treating a wide range of presenting concerns, diagnoses, and symptoms. My specialities areas include depression, anxiety, stress management, life transitions, work-related stressors, and trauma. When we make small changes and create new healthy habits, we start creating opportunities for personal growth.
(626) 746-4232 View (626) 746-4232
Photo of Annie Bailey, Psychologist in Pasadena, CA
Annie Bailey
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91105
Annie Bailey is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2009. She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University. Annie's overall treatment philosophy is that the purpose of treatment is to help people improve the quality and satisfaction they experience in their lives and improve the quality of their relationships with others.
Annie Bailey is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2009. She received her PhD in Clinical Psychology from the California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University. Annie's overall treatment philosophy is that the purpose of treatment is to help people improve the quality and satisfaction they experience in their lives and improve the quality of their relationships with others.
(323) 641-4552 View (323) 641-4552
Photo of Naj Alikhan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Naj Alikhan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91103
You’ve always considered yourself someone who works well under pressure. Stress was never an obstacle – in fact, it motivated you to be better. You were unstoppable and could handle any challenge that came your way. But lately, something has changed. Now, you find yourself unable to shrug off concerns like you have in the past. You lay in bed at night, restless, mind racing. You’re tired and unfocused at work, making mistakes you’ve never made before. You’ve long sacrificed your personal relationships in favor of professional advancement. But now you’re wondering what any of that was for. You know something has to change, but how?
You’ve always considered yourself someone who works well under pressure. Stress was never an obstacle – in fact, it motivated you to be better. You were unstoppable and could handle any challenge that came your way. But lately, something has changed. Now, you find yourself unable to shrug off concerns like you have in the past. You lay in bed at night, restless, mind racing. You’re tired and unfocused at work, making mistakes you’ve never made before. You’ve long sacrificed your personal relationships in favor of professional advancement. But now you’re wondering what any of that was for. You know something has to change, but how?
(805) 842-3253 View (805) 842-3253
Photo of Leah Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pasadena, CA
Leah Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, SEP
Verified Verified
Pasadena, CA 91101
Many of my clients report that they struggle with high levels of anxiety, are perfectionists, self-critical, have low self esteem and are extremely sensitive to the energy and moods of others. They are empathic to the point of having difficulty identifying what feelings belong to them versus what feelings belong to others. They struggle with disordered eating, toxic relationships, finding balance between productivity and self care and having clear boundaries. Many have had little luck with traditional talk therapy and are looking for someone that can help get them out of their heads and into their bodies.
Many of my clients report that they struggle with high levels of anxiety, are perfectionists, self-critical, have low self esteem and are extremely sensitive to the energy and moods of others. They are empathic to the point of having difficulty identifying what feelings belong to them versus what feelings belong to others. They struggle with disordered eating, toxic relationships, finding balance between productivity and self care and having clear boundaries. Many have had little luck with traditional talk therapy and are looking for someone that can help get them out of their heads and into their bodies.
(626) 507-2694 View (626) 507-2694

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pasadena, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Pasadena, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
66% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
51% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pasadena, CA see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pasadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.