Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

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Photo of Dennis Bartsch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Dennis Bartsch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204  (Online Only)
Hey there. I'm Dennis aka Denny Bartsch. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been in the field for over 15 years. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused, and Strength Based techniques in my practice. I'm a goofy social worker who likes to use a non-confrontational approach to working with my clients. I do believe that you know your story/life better than I ever will so I believe in what you have to say.
Hey there. I'm Dennis aka Denny Bartsch. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been in the field for over 15 years. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused, and Strength Based techniques in my practice. I'm a goofy social worker who likes to use a non-confrontational approach to working with my clients. I do believe that you know your story/life better than I ever will so I believe in what you have to say.
(317) 978-2900 View (317) 978-2900
Photo of Laura Hosek, Pre-Licensed Professional in Indianapolis, IN
Laura Hosek
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46256
My approach to therapy is collaborative and transparent. I use the skills and experiences I've gained to help clients achieve their own goals. Instead of curing mental health I believe in helping people understand and manage their issues in sustainable ways. Since I use a lot of metaphors in therapy, the one I use to illustrate and describe my therapeutic process is likening it to a home improvement. My job is to help clients explore and find the right tools for their unique improvements and provide guidance so clients have support while making lasting changes they want in their life. The toolbox can then be used outside of therapy.
My approach to therapy is collaborative and transparent. I use the skills and experiences I've gained to help clients achieve their own goals. Instead of curing mental health I believe in helping people understand and manage their issues in sustainable ways. Since I use a lot of metaphors in therapy, the one I use to illustrate and describe my therapeutic process is likening it to a home improvement. My job is to help clients explore and find the right tools for their unique improvements and provide guidance so clients have support while making lasting changes they want in their life. The toolbox can then be used outside of therapy.
(463) 255-4677 View (463) 255-4677
Photo of Strength Renewed Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Strength Renewed Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46226  (Online Only)
Are you or your family member overwhelmed or experiencing despair? You are not alone. One in five people seek out therapy because they are dealing with emotional issues that are severe enough to interfere with their daily lives. I have 40 years experience in the Mental Health Field and know approaching therapy can be very intimidating. I first offer counseling with compassion. I will help you walk through the first step with a free phone consult hoping to gain your trust. We will work to find the best solutions to your issues, so you can find relief from your symptoms and feel renewed again.
Are you or your family member overwhelmed or experiencing despair? You are not alone. One in five people seek out therapy because they are dealing with emotional issues that are severe enough to interfere with their daily lives. I have 40 years experience in the Mental Health Field and know approaching therapy can be very intimidating. I first offer counseling with compassion. I will help you walk through the first step with a free phone consult hoping to gain your trust. We will work to find the best solutions to your issues, so you can find relief from your symptoms and feel renewed again.
(317) 489-5571 View (317) 489-5571
Photo of Shelley Landis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Shelley Landis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46220
We will embark on a path of healing together, as you journey to meet your most Authentic Self. Perhaps you have experienced early attachment trauma or more recent shock traumas. Perhaps you have been diagnosed with PTSD or Complex PTSD; you may experience debilitating symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. Perhaps the way you experience life has you feeling stuck, disconnected, alone; you are ready to step into a new way of being. On your therapeutic journey, you will discover your innate strengths, increase your capacity to be vulnerable, increase appreciation of life and gain true resiliency. Let me be your guide!
We will embark on a path of healing together, as you journey to meet your most Authentic Self. Perhaps you have experienced early attachment trauma or more recent shock traumas. Perhaps you have been diagnosed with PTSD or Complex PTSD; you may experience debilitating symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. Perhaps the way you experience life has you feeling stuck, disconnected, alone; you are ready to step into a new way of being. On your therapeutic journey, you will discover your innate strengths, increase your capacity to be vulnerable, increase appreciation of life and gain true resiliency. Let me be your guide!
(317) 676-0254 View (317) 676-0254
Photo of Melissa Dotson, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Melissa Dotson
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240  (Online Only)
Schedule today! Accepting new clients. In-network with many insurance companies and Medicaid. First, I would like to take a moment to applaud you for taking this difficult first step in the change process towards a healthier more positive you. Finding the right person to help you make these positive changes can be challenging. I am here to be your change facilitator, your partner for becoming the person you want to be. If you’re looking to meet your potential, deal with a crisis, address relationship issues, mental health issues, addiction, depression, anxiety, self-esteem/image issues and more I can help.
Schedule today! Accepting new clients. In-network with many insurance companies and Medicaid. First, I would like to take a moment to applaud you for taking this difficult first step in the change process towards a healthier more positive you. Finding the right person to help you make these positive changes can be challenging. I am here to be your change facilitator, your partner for becoming the person you want to be. If you’re looking to meet your potential, deal with a crisis, address relationship issues, mental health issues, addiction, depression, anxiety, self-esteem/image issues and more I can help.
(317) 790-3031 View (317) 790-3031
Photo of Paige Bemiller, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Paige Bemiller
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46240
My ideal client is someone who wants to actively pursue new paths to find their true, healthy self. Ideally, ready to do the work. I am here to challenge cognitive distortions. I will be a partner in brainstorming issues and goals. Hard work from the client and support from an intuitive counselor will clear the path to the answers within.
My ideal client is someone who wants to actively pursue new paths to find their true, healthy self. Ideally, ready to do the work. I am here to challenge cognitive distortions. I will be a partner in brainstorming issues and goals. Hard work from the client and support from an intuitive counselor will clear the path to the answers within.
(463) 219-2812 View (463) 219-2812
Photo of Becky J Sayre, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Becky J Sayre
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46260
Not accepting new clients
Life is hard sometimes. Unexpected situations happen. It's not always easy to figure things out on our own. If this is a time when you could use a co-pilot, a partner, to get back on track, or find a new track altogether, sit down with someone who cares and can help. Let's work together to identify your strengths and help you acquire new ones. I provide supportive, goal-oriented counseling to help you figure out an effective strategy.
Life is hard sometimes. Unexpected situations happen. It's not always easy to figure things out on our own. If this is a time when you could use a co-pilot, a partner, to get back on track, or find a new track altogether, sit down with someone who cares and can help. Let's work together to identify your strengths and help you acquire new ones. I provide supportive, goal-oriented counseling to help you figure out an effective strategy.
(317) 653-6824 View (317) 653-6824
Photo of Kristen Cole, Psychologist in Indianapolis, IN
Kristen Cole
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204
Life is constantly changing, and difficulties inevitably arise. There are times when these difficulties can become so overwhelming that it seems impossible to overcome. I offer help to those who are experiencing various hardships so that they are able to understand the underlying dynamics that are the root cause of their problems, and help them create positive changes in their life. In a comfortable and supportive atmosphere my clients are offered a highly personalized approach where they can safely attain the personal growth they are striving for.
Life is constantly changing, and difficulties inevitably arise. There are times when these difficulties can become so overwhelming that it seems impossible to overcome. I offer help to those who are experiencing various hardships so that they are able to understand the underlying dynamics that are the root cause of their problems, and help them create positive changes in their life. In a comfortable and supportive atmosphere my clients are offered a highly personalized approach where they can safely attain the personal growth they are striving for.
(317) 900-4398 View (317) 900-4398
Photo of Malisa Komolthiti, Marriage & Family Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Malisa Komolthiti
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46201  (Online Only)
I'm a dedicated psychotherapist and Marriage and Family Therapist, happily serving clients in Indiana and Florida. My areas of practice are· Anxiety · Depression· Stress · Divorce ·Marital/Pre-marital ·Parenting ·Couple/Family Conflict· Learning Disabilities · LGBTQIA+ · Life Coaching ·Mood Disorders · Panic Attacks · Peer Relationships · Behavioral Issues · Career Counseling · Codependency · Coping Skills. I support the unique journeys of adults, children, teens, and parents. I accept insurance.
I'm a dedicated psychotherapist and Marriage and Family Therapist, happily serving clients in Indiana and Florida. My areas of practice are· Anxiety · Depression· Stress · Divorce ·Marital/Pre-marital ·Parenting ·Couple/Family Conflict· Learning Disabilities · LGBTQIA+ · Life Coaching ·Mood Disorders · Panic Attacks · Peer Relationships · Behavioral Issues · Career Counseling · Codependency · Coping Skills. I support the unique journeys of adults, children, teens, and parents. I accept insurance.
(513) 951-4347 View (513) 951-4347
Photo of Brandy Boerner, Mental Health Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Brandy Boerner
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46217
If you are reading this right now, I know you are hurting, experiencing some level of emotional pain. You likely feel stuck and don’t know what to do next. Whether looking for individual or couples counseling, I can help you meet your goals. There are challenges in each of our lives and when given the right tools and support we can learn the beautiful art of embracing who we are in each aspect of our lives and even cut things out that no longer serve us. You want to feel unstuck, more content, less guilt and shame, improved self-esteem, improved relationship satisfaction and an improved overall sense of well-being.
If you are reading this right now, I know you are hurting, experiencing some level of emotional pain. You likely feel stuck and don’t know what to do next. Whether looking for individual or couples counseling, I can help you meet your goals. There are challenges in each of our lives and when given the right tools and support we can learn the beautiful art of embracing who we are in each aspect of our lives and even cut things out that no longer serve us. You want to feel unstuck, more content, less guilt and shame, improved self-esteem, improved relationship satisfaction and an improved overall sense of well-being.
(317) 666-4079 View (317) 666-4079
Photo of Laura Jordan With Limelight Recovery, Marriage & Family Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Laura Jordan With Limelight Recovery
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, BC-TMH, CCATP
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46250  (Online Only)
In conjunction with Limelight Recovery, I am taking on a limited number of clients to ensure quality therapy is accessible to underserved populations. "Our mission is to promote wellness in our communities, honor individual differences, and empower people to identify their own values on which they can build a life of recovery."
In conjunction with Limelight Recovery, I am taking on a limited number of clients to ensure quality therapy is accessible to underserved populations. "Our mission is to promote wellness in our communities, honor individual differences, and empower people to identify their own values on which they can build a life of recovery."
(463) 258-8150 View (463) 258-8150
Photo of Tracy Zavaleta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Tracy Zavaleta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46237
I believe that mental health is an important part of overall health and happiness. Each person has the ability to commit to and foster positive change in their lives. I always strive to work with each client as an individual, fostering their strengths and building healthy coping skills, insight, and empowering courage for change.
I believe that mental health is an important part of overall health and happiness. Each person has the ability to commit to and foster positive change in their lives. I always strive to work with each client as an individual, fostering their strengths and building healthy coping skills, insight, and empowering courage for change.
(317) 795-1774 View (317) 795-1774
Photo of Lynette VanHyfte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Lynette VanHyfte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46250
As a licensed social worker, Lynette takes a holistic look at your situation to identify internal and external stressors. Lynette is known for being empathetic, open, and supportive. She truly cares about your struggles and wants to get to know you, learn what you need, and identify solutions that work for you. Lynette has decades of experience helping people through times of crisis. Lynette obtained her master’s in social work from Indiana University, focusing on mental health and addictions. Lynette will tailor your sessions with an evidence-based therapy that works best for you.
As a licensed social worker, Lynette takes a holistic look at your situation to identify internal and external stressors. Lynette is known for being empathetic, open, and supportive. She truly cares about your struggles and wants to get to know you, learn what you need, and identify solutions that work for you. Lynette has decades of experience helping people through times of crisis. Lynette obtained her master’s in social work from Indiana University, focusing on mental health and addictions. Lynette will tailor your sessions with an evidence-based therapy that works best for you.
(463) 263-5859 View (463) 263-5859
Photo of Amanda Renee McKinley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Amanda Renee McKinley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46220
Life can bring many challenges and struggles, which can often be difficult to cope with on your own. As a fellow runner, I know the therapeutic benefits of running. Running can bring healing, but sometimes a professional is needed to offer outside perspectives and expertise to help you function at your best. Sometimes life can get in the way of running or running can get in the way of life. Running can be a great time to think about life and contemplate changes, which is why I combine therapy with running or walking. The combination of mental and physical health can approach healing in a non-traditional way to help you succeed.
Life can bring many challenges and struggles, which can often be difficult to cope with on your own. As a fellow runner, I know the therapeutic benefits of running. Running can bring healing, but sometimes a professional is needed to offer outside perspectives and expertise to help you function at your best. Sometimes life can get in the way of running or running can get in the way of life. Running can be a great time to think about life and contemplate changes, which is why I combine therapy with running or walking. The combination of mental and physical health can approach healing in a non-traditional way to help you succeed.
(317) 751-1149 View (317) 751-1149
Photo of All Things To All People, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
All Things To All People
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46219
All things to All People is a multifaceted community service agency that takes a holistic approach. Our professional staff are qualified to assist clients in effectively utilizing and seeking services that will contribute to their success. Clients who participate in therapeutic interventions will experience mental, emotional, familial, and individual wellness. All things to All People is not your typical community service organization. We utilize creative and innovative interventions that foster and promote self-efficacy, community knowledge, and personal empowerment.
All things to All People is a multifaceted community service agency that takes a holistic approach. Our professional staff are qualified to assist clients in effectively utilizing and seeking services that will contribute to their success. Clients who participate in therapeutic interventions will experience mental, emotional, familial, and individual wellness. All things to All People is not your typical community service organization. We utilize creative and innovative interventions that foster and promote self-efficacy, community knowledge, and personal empowerment.
(317) 668-0283 View (317) 668-0283
Photo of Nicole Nethery, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Nicole Nethery
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46204  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Nicole! Are you feeling empty from a loss? Thinking that you'll never move past this time in your life? I want to help you feel whole again after the loss of a loved one, career, or relationship. I will teach you how to acknowledge triggers and how to cope successfully when they arise.
Hi, I'm Nicole! Are you feeling empty from a loss? Thinking that you'll never move past this time in your life? I want to help you feel whole again after the loss of a loved one, career, or relationship. I will teach you how to acknowledge triggers and how to cope successfully when they arise.
(317) 932-8206 View (317) 932-8206
Photo of Janis Lotfalian, Marriage & Family Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Janis Lotfalian
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Indianapolis, IN 46260
If you are reading this, I am assuming that you want something in your life to change. Perhaps your stomach is in knots because of relationship issues, or stress at work. You might be worried about your children, even if they are adults. Someone very significant to you, might be missing from your life. Maybe you feel lonely, useless, unappreciated, anxious, unloved, or uneasy for a multitude of reasons. Perhaps its Covid-19, the economy and political divisiveness that is causing anxiety. You are searching for someone to help you, someone you can trust, to nudge you and and maybe significant others, in the "right direction".
If you are reading this, I am assuming that you want something in your life to change. Perhaps your stomach is in knots because of relationship issues, or stress at work. You might be worried about your children, even if they are adults. Someone very significant to you, might be missing from your life. Maybe you feel lonely, useless, unappreciated, anxious, unloved, or uneasy for a multitude of reasons. Perhaps its Covid-19, the economy and political divisiveness that is causing anxiety. You are searching for someone to help you, someone you can trust, to nudge you and and maybe significant others, in the "right direction".
(812) 495-4233 View (812) 495-4233
Photo of Heather Wakley, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Heather Wakley
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46240
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with a master’s degree in Mental Health Counseling and over 13 years of comprehensive clinical experience. I work with tweens, teens and adults. I have a particular passion and expertise for working with teenagers as they struggle to define their identities, cope with the rapid physical, emotional and psychological changes that take place within them and adjust to the demands of peers, schools, families and society. I provide a non-judgmental and compassionate atmosphere in which you can safely explore and work through feelings, thoughts and beliefs that may be keeping you stuck.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with a master’s degree in Mental Health Counseling and over 13 years of comprehensive clinical experience. I work with tweens, teens and adults. I have a particular passion and expertise for working with teenagers as they struggle to define their identities, cope with the rapid physical, emotional and psychological changes that take place within them and adjust to the demands of peers, schools, families and society. I provide a non-judgmental and compassionate atmosphere in which you can safely explore and work through feelings, thoughts and beliefs that may be keeping you stuck.
(317) 581-6103 View (317) 581-6103
Photo of Sara Hutson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Indianapolis, IN
Sara Hutson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CSAYC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46201
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with individuals and families who have experienced trauma, stress, and life changes. I believe that all individuals and families are capable of change and personal growth. I partner with clients to support them as they set and achieve their own goals. Clients most often seek services with me to address sexual abuse/assault, intimate partner abuse, family conflict, separation and loss, secondary trauma, stress, and difficulty coping with stigma, discrimination, and oppression.
I specialize in working with individuals and families who have experienced trauma, stress, and life changes. I believe that all individuals and families are capable of change and personal growth. I partner with clients to support them as they set and achieve their own goals. Clients most often seek services with me to address sexual abuse/assault, intimate partner abuse, family conflict, separation and loss, secondary trauma, stress, and difficulty coping with stigma, discrimination, and oppression.
(317) 854-0103 View (317) 854-0103
Photo of Robert L Smith, Counselor in Indianapolis, IN
Robert L Smith
Counselor, PhD, LMFT, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Indianapolis, IN 46202
Finding a therapist that you can connect with can be a difficult experience. For over 25 years, I have dedicated myself to trying to make the process of therapy an experience that is helpful, respectful and solution focused. I work with individuals who might be struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, PTSD, grief or childhood issues that may remain an influence in your adult life.
Finding a therapist that you can connect with can be a difficult experience. For over 25 years, I have dedicated myself to trying to make the process of therapy an experience that is helpful, respectful and solution focused. I work with individuals who might be struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, stress, PTSD, grief or childhood issues that may remain an influence in your adult life.
(317) 758-3664 View (317) 758-3664

See more therapy options for Indianapolis

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Indianapolis, IN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Indianapolis, IN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
66% Relationship Issues
65% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Indianapolis, IN see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Indianapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.