Therapists in Grass Valley, CA

Photo of Julia Mudarri, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Julia Mudarri
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
Do you often feel isolated or overwhelmed? Do you constantly feel hurried? Our lives can present us with situations that cause us to question everything we thought we knew. Sometimes painful issues from your past like sexual abuse or other painful childhood experiences resurface. During these times, it can feel hopeless: causing anxiety or depression. Balancing these concerns among our busy lives causes stress and affect relationships with partners and children. Sometimes disagreements about how to parent also adds extra strain. You are not alone.
Do you often feel isolated or overwhelmed? Do you constantly feel hurried? Our lives can present us with situations that cause us to question everything we thought we knew. Sometimes painful issues from your past like sexual abuse or other painful childhood experiences resurface. During these times, it can feel hopeless: causing anxiety or depression. Balancing these concerns among our busy lives causes stress and affect relationships with partners and children. Sometimes disagreements about how to parent also adds extra strain. You are not alone.
(408) 560-4758 View (408) 560-4758
Photo of Sierra Therapy Center in Grass Valley, CA
Sierra Therapy Center
LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Our story: Some of the best physicians are wounded healers, those who have walked through pain and suffering themselves only to emerge on the other side to help others. We believe strongly in the human capacity to heal. Our counseling specialists work with children/teens, adults, couples and families. With sensitivity and compassion, we help you bring resolution to the struggles you are facing. Modalities range from depth therapy, IMAGO couples therapy, Brainspotting, EMDR, play therapy, addiction groups to solution focused. We are trained in a variety of different therapeutic interventions that will fit what you need.
Our story: Some of the best physicians are wounded healers, those who have walked through pain and suffering themselves only to emerge on the other side to help others. We believe strongly in the human capacity to heal. Our counseling specialists work with children/teens, adults, couples and families. With sensitivity and compassion, we help you bring resolution to the struggles you are facing. Modalities range from depth therapy, IMAGO couples therapy, Brainspotting, EMDR, play therapy, addiction groups to solution focused. We are trained in a variety of different therapeutic interventions that will fit what you need.
(530) 419-5189 View (530) 419-5189
Photo of Jenna Lauren Artaz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Jenna Lauren Artaz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
Our work together may include coaching, education, homework, meditative practices or breath work, movement, art therapy, and frank communication. I will meet you with compassion, empathy, warmth, and commitment. At times I will challenge your perceptions and assumptions, and offer different perspectives, as a way to increase the many wonderful benefits of therapy. Therapy is a valuable tool in making positive changes, and I am excited to be on this journey with you!
Our work together may include coaching, education, homework, meditative practices or breath work, movement, art therapy, and frank communication. I will meet you with compassion, empathy, warmth, and commitment. At times I will challenge your perceptions and assumptions, and offer different perspectives, as a way to increase the many wonderful benefits of therapy. Therapy is a valuable tool in making positive changes, and I am excited to be on this journey with you!
(530) 203-6279 View (530) 203-6279
Photo of Lovie Bucknell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Lovie Bucknell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
You don't have to go this alone! I approach my clients with authenticity, non-judgement, and compassion. The issues that I would be honored to support you with include: depression; anxiety; working through trauma; grief/loss; major life transitions; self-discovery; exploring/cultivating creativity; exploring cultural identities; creating satisfying relationships; and understanding and resolving conflicts in family relationships. I integrate various theories and approaches based on your particular goals. Our work together can be exploratory or action oriented: focusing on the past, the present or the future; long or short term.
You don't have to go this alone! I approach my clients with authenticity, non-judgement, and compassion. The issues that I would be honored to support you with include: depression; anxiety; working through trauma; grief/loss; major life transitions; self-discovery; exploring/cultivating creativity; exploring cultural identities; creating satisfying relationships; and understanding and resolving conflicts in family relationships. I integrate various theories and approaches based on your particular goals. Our work together can be exploratory or action oriented: focusing on the past, the present or the future; long or short term.
(530) 797-4077 View (530) 797-4077
Photo of Lin Jovanovic, Psychologist in Grass Valley, CA
Lin Jovanovic
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Do you feel like you are disconnected from your partner or do you fight all the time? I know what these struggles feel like, and I know how painful it is to face those problems alone. Creating stronger and healthier relationships and sex lives is my primary focus. I have extensive training in helping couples and I get down to business in the very first session. I offer individual therapy, couples therapy, two day in person intensives for more complex issues, and Discernment Counseling. Get more information about my approach at my website: www.relationshipexplorations.com.
Do you feel like you are disconnected from your partner or do you fight all the time? I know what these struggles feel like, and I know how painful it is to face those problems alone. Creating stronger and healthier relationships and sex lives is my primary focus. I have extensive training in helping couples and I get down to business in the very first session. I offer individual therapy, couples therapy, two day in person intensives for more complex issues, and Discernment Counseling. Get more information about my approach at my website: www.relationshipexplorations.com.
(530) 491-4779 View (530) 491-4779
Photo of Sean Merrick, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Sean Merrick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Waitlist for new clients
Having a guide who has experienced life's traumas, and hardships, provides a level of understandings that fosters caring insights. Which encourages deep exploration toward self-discovery. Uncovering internal wisdoms. Where personal courage can lead, allowing an authentic way of being, which becomes the healing process.
Having a guide who has experienced life's traumas, and hardships, provides a level of understandings that fosters caring insights. Which encourages deep exploration toward self-discovery. Uncovering internal wisdoms. Where personal courage can lead, allowing an authentic way of being, which becomes the healing process.
(530) 429-8148 View (530) 429-8148
Photo of Caitlin Pell, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Grass Valley, CA
Caitlin Pell
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95949
Waitlist for new clients
My intention is to gently guide you towards your own innate wisdom and fully support you as your transformation unfolds. I prefer to take a direct, experiential approach, meeting each client where they are at and honoring their individual needs. I specialize in body-based (somatic) inquiry to address a variety of issues, with a specific interest in treating trauma, relationship issues, and addiction. My therapeutic approach is uniquely inspired from my own personal experience with healing, drawing from both ancient Eastern philosophy and modern research-based theories of attachment and developmental trauma.
My intention is to gently guide you towards your own innate wisdom and fully support you as your transformation unfolds. I prefer to take a direct, experiential approach, meeting each client where they are at and honoring their individual needs. I specialize in body-based (somatic) inquiry to address a variety of issues, with a specific interest in treating trauma, relationship issues, and addiction. My therapeutic approach is uniquely inspired from my own personal experience with healing, drawing from both ancient Eastern philosophy and modern research-based theories of attachment and developmental trauma.
(530) 287-8209 View (530) 287-8209
Photo of Donita King, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Donita King
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Hello and welcome! As a licensed Marriage and Family Psychotherapist I provide an empathetic and trusting space to share your concerns. Working together we will uncover blocks to peace and contentment, identify and build upon strengths, alleviate symptoms, build more satisfying relationships and move towards bringing balance to your life. I have worked in community mental health for adults, schools and mental health clinics for children, adolescents and their families and have treated a wide range of disorders including-grief and loss, depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma, divorce, relational issues, child behavior issues and parenting.
Hello and welcome! As a licensed Marriage and Family Psychotherapist I provide an empathetic and trusting space to share your concerns. Working together we will uncover blocks to peace and contentment, identify and build upon strengths, alleviate symptoms, build more satisfying relationships and move towards bringing balance to your life. I have worked in community mental health for adults, schools and mental health clinics for children, adolescents and their families and have treated a wide range of disorders including-grief and loss, depression, anxiety, addiction, trauma, divorce, relational issues, child behavior issues and parenting.
(530) 771-6410 View (530) 771-6410
Photo of Laura L Sanchez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Laura L Sanchez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95949  (Online Only)
I understand that seeking therapy can be a significant step, especially when facing various challenges. If you're in California, I want you to know that I offer telehealth therapy, including evening appointments. As your therapist, my approach is rooted in empathy, compassion, and cultural sensitivity. I strive to create a safe and supportive space where you feel heard and understood. With my experience, I can assist you in setting meaningful goals for your therapy journey. I have experience with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds including LGBTQI and BIPOC. Your mental health is important & I care about your well being.
I understand that seeking therapy can be a significant step, especially when facing various challenges. If you're in California, I want you to know that I offer telehealth therapy, including evening appointments. As your therapist, my approach is rooted in empathy, compassion, and cultural sensitivity. I strive to create a safe and supportive space where you feel heard and understood. With my experience, I can assist you in setting meaningful goals for your therapy journey. I have experience with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds including LGBTQI and BIPOC. Your mental health is important & I care about your well being.
(530) 444-6857 View (530) 444-6857
Photo of Ngoc Tran, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Ngoc Tran
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95949
Hi there, I'm Ngoc, a licensed marriage and family therapist. I am experienced in treating anxiety disorders, life transitions, relationship/marital issues, traumatic experiences, and the grief and loss process. I love utilizing my bilingual/ bicultural background and my Christian belief system while relying on my relational-intuitive-integrative approach to work on issues that are unique to individuals' lives. I work to understand individuals through the lens of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Attachment-Based Theory, Psychodynamic, and Family Systems, and help them tell their stories in a God-centered way (Narrative Therapy).
Hi there, I'm Ngoc, a licensed marriage and family therapist. I am experienced in treating anxiety disorders, life transitions, relationship/marital issues, traumatic experiences, and the grief and loss process. I love utilizing my bilingual/ bicultural background and my Christian belief system while relying on my relational-intuitive-integrative approach to work on issues that are unique to individuals' lives. I work to understand individuals through the lens of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Attachment-Based Theory, Psychodynamic, and Family Systems, and help them tell their stories in a God-centered way (Narrative Therapy).
(530) 296-8517 View (530) 296-8517
Photo of Veronica Monet in Grass Valley, CA
Veronica Monet
ACS
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I want to help you. But are we a good fit? Here's what my clients appreciate most about me: 1. They KNOW they'll be accepted and valued no matter what they share with me. 2. They value my skills as an empath because I can get to the solutions they need much more precisely. 3. They want a dynamic combination of spiritual guidance and concrete steps to their desired goals. 4. They know they can obtain information about sex and sexuality that is not available from their doctor or even online. 5. They trust me to see and foster their personal best!
I want to help you. But are we a good fit? Here's what my clients appreciate most about me: 1. They KNOW they'll be accepted and valued no matter what they share with me. 2. They value my skills as an empath because I can get to the solutions they need much more precisely. 3. They want a dynamic combination of spiritual guidance and concrete steps to their desired goals. 4. They know they can obtain information about sex and sexuality that is not available from their doctor or even online. 5. They trust me to see and foster their personal best!
(415) 691-2832 View (415) 691-2832
Photo of Kara Rane Miller, Pre-Licensed Professional in Grass Valley, CA
Kara Rane Miller
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
I offer a light in discovering your authentic self. The innate expert in your own life who may be in the darkness now, but has the courage to find the gem within. I too have walked some difficult paths. These hard knocks have only made me gentler, kinder, wiser. Exploring the foundations of holistic health and the artistic realms of the imagination provides vast potential for humankind. In my work of assisting the rehabilitation of Birds of Prey, I also learned that to truly live takes more than the mechanics of a recovered body, but also requires that one wants to thrive. A spirit empowered to fully live.
I offer a light in discovering your authentic self. The innate expert in your own life who may be in the darkness now, but has the courage to find the gem within. I too have walked some difficult paths. These hard knocks have only made me gentler, kinder, wiser. Exploring the foundations of holistic health and the artistic realms of the imagination provides vast potential for humankind. In my work of assisting the rehabilitation of Birds of Prey, I also learned that to truly live takes more than the mechanics of a recovered body, but also requires that one wants to thrive. A spirit empowered to fully live.
(530) 287-6504 View (530) 287-6504
Photo of Agnes Cartry-Jacobsen, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Grass Valley, CA
Agnes Cartry-Jacobsen
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, CCHT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
If you or your child is suffering from depression, anxiety, relational problems, eating disorders, ADHD, the effect of trauma, grief, loss, as well as a mood or personality disorder, I can help you develop skills in your present life aimed at restoring healthy and meaningful strategies in your daily experience.
If you or your child is suffering from depression, anxiety, relational problems, eating disorders, ADHD, the effect of trauma, grief, loss, as well as a mood or personality disorder, I can help you develop skills in your present life aimed at restoring healthy and meaningful strategies in your daily experience.
(530) 675-8464 View (530) 675-8464
Photo of Karlie Youngblood, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Karlie Youngblood
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95949  (Online Only)
Imagine seeking deeper meaning in your life, grappling with unresolved trauma, inner conflicts, and a longing for personal growth. You yearn for self-empowerment, liberation from past burdens, and a path to your own sovereignty.
Imagine seeking deeper meaning in your life, grappling with unresolved trauma, inner conflicts, and a longing for personal growth. You yearn for self-empowerment, liberation from past burdens, and a path to your own sovereignty.
(530) 207-8569 View (530) 207-8569
Photo of Crystal Clune, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Crystal Clune
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, cEFT-M
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
My name is Crystal Clune and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in working with children and adolescents and teens. I have worked with school-age children since 2009. My approach to therapy is very client-centered and strength-based. I believe that the client is the expert of themselves and sometimes they just need guidance in re-finding their true selves. I work with all school-age children (ages 5-19) that are struggling with depression, anxiety, family issues, school issues, behavioral issues at home and at school, self-esteem, and trauma.
My name is Crystal Clune and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in working with children and adolescents and teens. I have worked with school-age children since 2009. My approach to therapy is very client-centered and strength-based. I believe that the client is the expert of themselves and sometimes they just need guidance in re-finding their true selves. I work with all school-age children (ages 5-19) that are struggling with depression, anxiety, family issues, school issues, behavioral issues at home and at school, self-esteem, and trauma.
(530) 322-8391 View (530) 322-8391
Photo of Brian David Parker, Counselor in Grass Valley, CA
Brian David Parker
Counselor, LPCC, MA
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
You are on a path toward healing. I would love to partner with you and bring my training and experience to support your healing and growth. Individuals, couples, families, and children are all welcome. I work with Narrative, Existential, and Strengths Based modalities to help you find meaning in suffering, create a new narrative, and capitalize on the strengths you already have. I am trained in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and EMDR. I provide therapy in English and in Spanish.
You are on a path toward healing. I would love to partner with you and bring my training and experience to support your healing and growth. Individuals, couples, families, and children are all welcome. I work with Narrative, Existential, and Strengths Based modalities to help you find meaning in suffering, create a new narrative, and capitalize on the strengths you already have. I am trained in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and EMDR. I provide therapy in English and in Spanish.
(530) 444-6203 View (530) 444-6203
Photo of Norma J Moore, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Norma J Moore
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Waitlist for new clients
We all get "stuck" sometimes ~ whether through an unexpected event, an expectation that wasn't met, or the inability to move forward in life. It could affect one aspect of your life, or many, and manifest as procrastination, overwhelm, the inability to make a decision, moodiness, etc. However it shows up, it's costly in time, energy, and relationships.
We all get "stuck" sometimes ~ whether through an unexpected event, an expectation that wasn't met, or the inability to move forward in life. It could affect one aspect of your life, or many, and manifest as procrastination, overwhelm, the inability to make a decision, moodiness, etc. However it shows up, it's costly in time, energy, and relationships.
(530) 633-6397 View (530) 633-6397
Photo of Darryl Quinn, Psychologist in Grass Valley, CA
Darryl Quinn
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945
Waitlist for new clients
I would be honored to help you in self-discovery and change. It takes a lot of courage to travel down that path. I often can intuit the key issues underlying a person’s suffering, which are often relational-both within ourselves and with others. To be kind and yet direct, and to really see you-both as you are now and how you want to become more whole. Finding clarity, compassion, and new ways to effectively deal with problems are essential in therapy. I will help you find where you are stuck and ways to get unstuck, by changing how you process both your thoughts and feelings. I work with both adults and couples.
I would be honored to help you in self-discovery and change. It takes a lot of courage to travel down that path. I often can intuit the key issues underlying a person’s suffering, which are often relational-both within ourselves and with others. To be kind and yet direct, and to really see you-both as you are now and how you want to become more whole. Finding clarity, compassion, and new ways to effectively deal with problems are essential in therapy. I will help you find where you are stuck and ways to get unstuck, by changing how you process both your thoughts and feelings. I work with both adults and couples.
(530) 296-6757 View (530) 296-6757
Photo of Natasha Browne, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Natasha Browne
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CPDT
Verified Verified
Grass Valley, CA 95945  (Online Only)
(I AM ONLINE ONLY AT THIS TIME)- Is your child struggling with behavioral issues, problems at school, fears, sadness, or anger?Are you feeling stuck and not knowing how to help them? All kids with go through times where they struggle. It is during these struggles when support can make all the difference. We will work together to find ways to support you and your family.
(I AM ONLINE ONLY AT THIS TIME)- Is your child struggling with behavioral issues, problems at school, fears, sadness, or anger?Are you feeling stuck and not knowing how to help them? All kids with go through times where they struggle. It is during these struggles when support can make all the difference. We will work together to find ways to support you and your family.
(650) 567-4028 View (650) 567-4028
Photo of Amata Albero, Marriage & Family Therapist in Grass Valley, CA
Amata Albero
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grass Valley, CA 95945
You often ask yourself, "What's wrong with me? Why can't I function like anyone else?" You've internalized failure, powerlessness and shame, feeling trapped and stuck with no way out. But where did it all begin? I doubt "something is truly wrong with you." In fact, I believe you're just noticing that things have not been sustainable and you long for a change and an opportunity at life— that's a sign of your sanity!
You often ask yourself, "What's wrong with me? Why can't I function like anyone else?" You've internalized failure, powerlessness and shame, feeling trapped and stuck with no way out. But where did it all begin? I doubt "something is truly wrong with you." In fact, I believe you're just noticing that things have not been sustainable and you long for a change and an opportunity at life— that's a sign of your sanity!
(530) 444-8714 View (530) 444-8714

See more therapy options for Grass Valley

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Grass Valley, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Grass Valley, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
83% Trauma and PTSD
79% Grief
79% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
68% Stress

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

44% Anthem | Elevance
42% Medi-Cal
40% MHN | Health Net

How Therapists in Grass Valley, CA see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
16% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Grass Valley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.