Therapists in Menlo Park, CA

Photo of Katherine Peterson, Licensed Educational Psychologist in Menlo Park, CA
Katherine Peterson
Licensed Educational Psychologist, PhD, LEP
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025
For parents, when your child is struggling - academically, socially, or emotionally - having a partner can make all the difference. Families seek out my services to diagnose learning differences and ADHD and to design and implement successful interventions. I help families achieve understanding and confidence related to their child's education.
For parents, when your child is struggling - academically, socially, or emotionally - having a partner can make all the difference. Families seek out my services to diagnose learning differences and ADHD and to design and implement successful interventions. I help families achieve understanding and confidence related to their child's education.
(650) 600-7817 View (650) 600-7817
Photo of Rachel L. Veronneau, Marriage & Family Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Rachel L. Veronneau
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Menlo Park, CA 94025
revmft.com for my detailed website! Good therapy involves the right match. I also provide a free 30 minute (in person) question and answer session (not counseling). This allows you to understand what your therapy process will look like. If we decide to work together, you will be involved in a very action oriented therapy. Our work will encourage you to practice your new skills during the week. I try to use approaches that you find helpful like: writing in a journal, reading books, support groups, and/or your spiritual practices, that may help while you are in therapy. New blog:therapist.and.mother(at)blogspot.com
revmft.com for my detailed website! Good therapy involves the right match. I also provide a free 30 minute (in person) question and answer session (not counseling). This allows you to understand what your therapy process will look like. If we decide to work together, you will be involved in a very action oriented therapy. Our work will encourage you to practice your new skills during the week. I try to use approaches that you find helpful like: writing in a journal, reading books, support groups, and/or your spiritual practices, that may help while you are in therapy. New blog:therapist.and.mother(at)blogspot.com
(650) 303-0074 View (650) 303-0074
Photo of Hillary Sinnott, Marriage & Family Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Hillary Sinnott
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Do you feel stuck in your life? Do you often get told that you don't quite seem like your old self? Do you sometimes feel like you could be living a different life if you could overcome some of the things you are carrying with you? I am passionate about working with adolescents and adults who are looking for a shift in their lives - whether in relationships, career, school or how they view themselves.
Do you feel stuck in your life? Do you often get told that you don't quite seem like your old self? Do you sometimes feel like you could be living a different life if you could overcome some of the things you are carrying with you? I am passionate about working with adolescents and adults who are looking for a shift in their lives - whether in relationships, career, school or how they view themselves.
(650) 567-5879 View (650) 567-5879
Photo of Megan Lait, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Megan Lait
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Finding your way through emotional challenges, such as depression, anxiety, and significant life changes, can be a very lonely experience on your own. Having a partner can make all the difference. Working with a knowledgable, insightful and compassionate psychotherapist can make the journey bearable, smoother and more successful. In my practice, you are not alone. I partner with clients and provide guidance and support in a safe, supportive and empathetic environment to explore challenges and promote overall wellness. I specialize in helping people with depressive disorders, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, difficult life transitions, interpersonal conflicts and low self-esteem.
Finding your way through emotional challenges, such as depression, anxiety, and significant life changes, can be a very lonely experience on your own. Having a partner can make all the difference. Working with a knowledgable, insightful and compassionate psychotherapist can make the journey bearable, smoother and more successful. In my practice, you are not alone. I partner with clients and provide guidance and support in a safe, supportive and empathetic environment to explore challenges and promote overall wellness. I specialize in helping people with depressive disorders, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, difficult life transitions, interpersonal conflicts and low self-esteem.
(650) 446-7345 View (650) 446-7345
Photo of Abby Haile, Psychologist in Menlo Park, CA
Abby Haile
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Menlo Park, CA 94025
The human spirit is stronger than anything that can happen to it. -C.C. Scott. We all go through challenges in life, and at times they can seem bigger than our ability to manage. In therapy, we can work together to cultivate the life you want through reducing the grip of depression, anxiety, and stress; healing from grief, loss, past abuse or trauma; regulating your nervous system; developing effective coping skills; improving relationships and communication; and building on your personal strengths. I want to help you to engage with life more fully and to support you in pursuing what you value most.
The human spirit is stronger than anything that can happen to it. -C.C. Scott. We all go through challenges in life, and at times they can seem bigger than our ability to manage. In therapy, we can work together to cultivate the life you want through reducing the grip of depression, anxiety, and stress; healing from grief, loss, past abuse or trauma; regulating your nervous system; developing effective coping skills; improving relationships and communication; and building on your personal strengths. I want to help you to engage with life more fully and to support you in pursuing what you value most.
(650) 646-5541 View (650) 646-5541
Photo of Erika C. Mozer, Psychologist in Menlo Park, CA
Erika C. Mozer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Finding a good fit with a behavioral health practitioner can be invaluable. Psychotherapy and neuropsychological evaluation are an investment of time, energy, and resources. Our work together may mean identifying a problem, finding steps to move forward, gaining awareness and understanding, managing a new situation, or any number of different things for different people. My experience includes work with patients and their family members and clinical research. My past work and training affiliations include: Stanford, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Palo Alto and Menlo Park VA's, Kaiser Permanente, Kingsbrook Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York, and the University of Colorado Hospital.
Finding a good fit with a behavioral health practitioner can be invaluable. Psychotherapy and neuropsychological evaluation are an investment of time, energy, and resources. Our work together may mean identifying a problem, finding steps to move forward, gaining awareness and understanding, managing a new situation, or any number of different things for different people. My experience includes work with patients and their family members and clinical research. My past work and training affiliations include: Stanford, UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Palo Alto and Menlo Park VA's, Kaiser Permanente, Kingsbrook Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York, and the University of Colorado Hospital.
(650) 727-9609 View (650) 727-9609
Photo of Jillian Walsh Rosoff, Marriage & Family Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Jillian Walsh Rosoff
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CT
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025  (Online Only)
Helping clients facing grief or chronic illness is my passion. I work with clients experiencing many kinds of losses, including death of a parent, partner, or one's own health. For nearly a decade, I was a hospice grief counselor providing support to individuals and families. I help clients finding meaning after devastating challenges, while developing practical coping strategies. I am certified in Thanatology, the study of death, dying and bereavement, through the Association of Death Education and Counseling (ADEC).
Helping clients facing grief or chronic illness is my passion. I work with clients experiencing many kinds of losses, including death of a parent, partner, or one's own health. For nearly a decade, I was a hospice grief counselor providing support to individuals and families. I help clients finding meaning after devastating challenges, while developing practical coping strategies. I am certified in Thanatology, the study of death, dying and bereavement, through the Association of Death Education and Counseling (ADEC).
(650) 686-2232 View (650) 686-2232
Photo of Cynthia Sedillo-Artiaga, Marriage & Family Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Cynthia Sedillo-Artiaga
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) that provides individual, couples, and family therapy. I graduated from Argosy University with a Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology, and Marriage and Family Therapy in 2014. I have spent my time as a therapist providing a safe and supportive environment for individuals to gain perspective on their lives, strengthen relationships with others and advocate for themselves. I have worked with a diverse population providing individual, couples, and family therapy in different settings.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) that provides individual, couples, and family therapy. I graduated from Argosy University with a Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology, and Marriage and Family Therapy in 2014. I have spent my time as a therapist providing a safe and supportive environment for individuals to gain perspective on their lives, strengthen relationships with others and advocate for themselves. I have worked with a diverse population providing individual, couples, and family therapy in different settings.
(650) 977-1286 View (650) 977-1286
Photo of Margarita Garcia-Moreira, Marriage & Family Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Margarita Garcia-Moreira
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025
My name is Margarita (Magui) Garcia-Moreira, and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist (LMFT) based in San Diego, CA, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with women and specialize in anxiety, stress, and depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and solution-focused therapy to help my clients make progress and start feeling empowered and loved.
My name is Margarita (Magui) Garcia-Moreira, and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist (LMFT) based in San Diego, CA, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with women and specialize in anxiety, stress, and depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and solution-focused therapy to help my clients make progress and start feeling empowered and loved.
(650) 742-1681 View (650) 742-1681
Photo of Cheryl Chin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Cheryl Chin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025  (Online Only)
My style is that I meet the clients where they currently are, using strength-based and empirically-driven approaches. I want to understand my clients holistically and consider the mind-body connection in helping my clients live a higher quality of life or make positive transformations.
My style is that I meet the clients where they currently are, using strength-based and empirically-driven approaches. I want to understand my clients holistically and consider the mind-body connection in helping my clients live a higher quality of life or make positive transformations.
(408) 617-8993 View (408) 617-8993
Photo of Dolores Gonzalez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Dolores Gonzalez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025  (Online Only)
I believe in working as a team rather than a standalone. Everyone has the ability to be the best version of themselves with the right support system in place. My focus is to create individualized treatment plans and use best practice techniques to help clients achieve their goals. My experience includes working with diverse individuals dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, and other life stressors. I am excited to work side-by-side with you to help you achieve your goals.
I believe in working as a team rather than a standalone. Everyone has the ability to be the best version of themselves with the right support system in place. My focus is to create individualized treatment plans and use best practice techniques to help clients achieve their goals. My experience includes working with diverse individuals dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, and other life stressors. I am excited to work side-by-side with you to help you achieve your goals.
(650) 582-2657 View (650) 582-2657
Photo of Kelly Saam, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Menlo Park, CA
Kelly Saam
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Currently accepting new clients for in-person therapy. Welcome, I'm glad you're here. Healing is possible for all people, especially in the context of connection and empathy. My unwavering belief in the goodness of people and the resilience of the human spirit has guided and informed my approach to therapy. I strive to build trustworthy collaborative relationships with my clients in order to find ways to heal, change patterns, and establish more fulfilling lives and relationships.
Currently accepting new clients for in-person therapy. Welcome, I'm glad you're here. Healing is possible for all people, especially in the context of connection and empathy. My unwavering belief in the goodness of people and the resilience of the human spirit has guided and informed my approach to therapy. I strive to build trustworthy collaborative relationships with my clients in order to find ways to heal, change patterns, and establish more fulfilling lives and relationships.
(650) 374-0382 View (650) 374-0382
Photo of Joe Fierro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Joe Fierro
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Menlo Park, CA 94025  (Online Only)
I use a strengths-based, collaborative approach in my work with clients. I believe in the human potential for healing, growth, and change. I explore with clients their life experiences and cultural influences as part of identifying areas of strength, as well as building awareness for how these factors may have contributed to challenges in the way they view themselves, their relationships, and the world. I like to help clients identify their successes, interests & talents, and aspects of their lives that are working well to include these in their process for change.
I use a strengths-based, collaborative approach in my work with clients. I believe in the human potential for healing, growth, and change. I explore with clients their life experiences and cultural influences as part of identifying areas of strength, as well as building awareness for how these factors may have contributed to challenges in the way they view themselves, their relationships, and the world. I like to help clients identify their successes, interests & talents, and aspects of their lives that are working well to include these in their process for change.
(415) 886-1596 View (415) 886-1596
Photo of Gregory Ross, Marriage & Family Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Gregory Ross
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025  (Online Only)
Specialized therapy for teens and young adults: Are you the parent of a teenager who is having problems at school, with friends, and/or issues at home? Are you a college student or young adult dealing with issues relating to school, work, relationships, and/or family? I come to therapy with years of corporate business experience and my therapeutic background includes working as a mental health therapist at Los Altos High School in Los Altos, CA, teaching the Heart to Heart seminar at Stanford Children’s Hospital in Palo Alto, CA, and training at the Community Health Awareness Council (CHAC) in Mountain View, CA.
Specialized therapy for teens and young adults: Are you the parent of a teenager who is having problems at school, with friends, and/or issues at home? Are you a college student or young adult dealing with issues relating to school, work, relationships, and/or family? I come to therapy with years of corporate business experience and my therapeutic background includes working as a mental health therapist at Los Altos High School in Los Altos, CA, teaching the Heart to Heart seminar at Stanford Children’s Hospital in Palo Alto, CA, and training at the Community Health Awareness Council (CHAC) in Mountain View, CA.
(650) 449-8111 View (650) 449-8111
Photo of Azra Kim, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Azra Kim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Menlo Park, CA 94025  (Online Only)
Do you experience intense stress, worry, or panic? Does anxiety hold you back from pursuing your personal and professional goals? I can help you learn strategies to overcome your fears and help you live a more meaningful and fulfilling life. I enjoy working with clients who are struggling with worry, stress, or perfectionism, as well as specific anxiety disorders such as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. I also treat Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors (e.g. hair pulling, skin picking).
Do you experience intense stress, worry, or panic? Does anxiety hold you back from pursuing your personal and professional goals? I can help you learn strategies to overcome your fears and help you live a more meaningful and fulfilling life. I enjoy working with clients who are struggling with worry, stress, or perfectionism, as well as specific anxiety disorders such as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. I also treat Body Focused Repetitive Behaviors (e.g. hair pulling, skin picking).
(650) 665-5117 View (650) 665-5117
Photo of Cassandra Perret, Psychologist in Menlo Park, CA
Cassandra Perret
Psychologist, PsyD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Menlo Park, CA 94025
I am a licensed psychologist (PSY29383) providing teletherapy in the state of California. My areas of specialty include the treatment of anxiety, mood, and stress-related concerns, with particular expertise in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), trauma, and reproductive/perinatal mental health. My therapeutic stance can be described as warm, nonjudgmental, collaborative, and genuine. My goals as a therapist are to know you, help make sense of what you’re going through, relieve distress, and help you live a more content and values-driven life.
I am a licensed psychologist (PSY29383) providing teletherapy in the state of California. My areas of specialty include the treatment of anxiety, mood, and stress-related concerns, with particular expertise in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), trauma, and reproductive/perinatal mental health. My therapeutic stance can be described as warm, nonjudgmental, collaborative, and genuine. My goals as a therapist are to know you, help make sense of what you’re going through, relieve distress, and help you live a more content and values-driven life.
(650) 800-6804 View (650) 800-6804
Photo of Roger Grossman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Roger Grossman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025  (Online Only)
My name is Roger Grossman I literally wrote to book on how to have a successful marriage: "Making Marriage Work: A User’s Guide To A Successful Marriage" by Roger Grossman, I Am Not The Smile and Nod Therapist. I roll up my sleeves and get in there with you. I have a great BS detector. I’ll call you on your stuff. We’ll laugh (a lot).
My name is Roger Grossman I literally wrote to book on how to have a successful marriage: "Making Marriage Work: A User’s Guide To A Successful Marriage" by Roger Grossman, I Am Not The Smile and Nod Therapist. I roll up my sleeves and get in there with you. I have a great BS detector. I’ll call you on your stuff. We’ll laugh (a lot).
(858) 533-2684 View (858) 533-2684
Photo of Philip B. Rahm, Marriage & Family Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Philip B. Rahm
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Are you struggling with issues of depression and or anxiety? Do you know you have a problem with alcohol and or drugs and need experienced, effective and compassionate care? Are you feeling stuck in a relationship where one or both of you are unhappy and it seems that no matter what you try, the relationship just does not get better? My name is Dr. Philip Rahm and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist who has been helping individuals, couples, families and adolescents work through and successfully resolve their difficulties for over 30 years.
Are you struggling with issues of depression and or anxiety? Do you know you have a problem with alcohol and or drugs and need experienced, effective and compassionate care? Are you feeling stuck in a relationship where one or both of you are unhappy and it seems that no matter what you try, the relationship just does not get better? My name is Dr. Philip Rahm and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist who has been helping individuals, couples, families and adolescents work through and successfully resolve their difficulties for over 30 years.
(650) 800-5530 View (650) 800-5530
Photo of Emily Pavlisin, Psychologist in Menlo Park, CA
Emily Pavlisin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025  (Online Only)
Finding the right therapist for you can feel overwhelming, especially because this journey often begins at a time when we are feeling most vulnerable. Maybe you are experiencing depression, anxiety, or the loss of a loved one. Perhaps you could use support navigating a scary life transition, or understanding why you keep finding yourself repeating the same unhealthy relationship patterns. Maybe your inner critic is getting in the way of being able to live a fulfilling life, or perhaps you are just feeling stuck. Whatever brought you to this page today, know that you are already taking a brave step.
Finding the right therapist for you can feel overwhelming, especially because this journey often begins at a time when we are feeling most vulnerable. Maybe you are experiencing depression, anxiety, or the loss of a loved one. Perhaps you could use support navigating a scary life transition, or understanding why you keep finding yourself repeating the same unhealthy relationship patterns. Maybe your inner critic is getting in the way of being able to live a fulfilling life, or perhaps you are just feeling stuck. Whatever brought you to this page today, know that you are already taking a brave step.
(650) 686-2256 View (650) 686-2256
Photo of Hila Maoz Mezer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Menlo Park, CA
Hila Maoz Mezer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Menlo Park, CA 94025
For more than 15 years, I am practicing in the field and guided by the goal to help people gain hope and relief in their lives. Life can present us with challenges; we sometime struggles with stress, difficulties in relationships and overwhelming life events. If you are interested in productive and meaningful change in your life I would like to invite you to work with me.
For more than 15 years, I am practicing in the field and guided by the goal to help people gain hope and relief in their lives. Life can present us with challenges; we sometime struggles with stress, difficulties in relationships and overwhelming life events. If you are interested in productive and meaningful change in your life I would like to invite you to work with me.
(408) 763-4293 View (408) 763-4293

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Menlo Park, CA

300+

Average cost per session

$220

Therapists in Menlo Park, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
67% Stress
62% Grief
61% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
47% Cigna and Evernorth
46% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Menlo Park, CA see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Menlo Park?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.