Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Dr. Demi Orozco, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Demi Orozco
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
As a clinical psychologist who is passionate about establishing meaningful relationships, I am excited to be launching my practice to establish care for individuals and families. I have availability to work with children, adolescents, and adults with an aim to provide treatment with a focus on the corresponding developmental stages. I invite those who would like support in live’s issues that have a minoritized influence in a space that is open and accepting of these complexities.
As a clinical psychologist who is passionate about establishing meaningful relationships, I am excited to be launching my practice to establish care for individuals and families. I have availability to work with children, adolescents, and adults with an aim to provide treatment with a focus on the corresponding developmental stages. I invite those who would like support in live’s issues that have a minoritized influence in a space that is open and accepting of these complexities.
(415) 649-5998 View (415) 649-5998
Photo of James Clarke, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
James Clarke
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I am passionate about working with people toward meaningful change, healing, and lasting growth in their lives. I offer people a place to reflect and develop an understanding to work toward their goals in therapy. In our work together, we often explore patterns you may be repeating so that you may find more effective and authentic ways of being in the world. I am very interactive in sessions, drawing from both humanistic and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies to find practical and useful tools and skills.
I am passionate about working with people toward meaningful change, healing, and lasting growth in their lives. I offer people a place to reflect and develop an understanding to work toward their goals in therapy. In our work together, we often explore patterns you may be repeating so that you may find more effective and authentic ways of being in the world. I am very interactive in sessions, drawing from both humanistic and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies to find practical and useful tools and skills.
(415) 949-3270 View (415) 949-3270
Photo of Robert A. Vargas, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Robert A. Vargas
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104
Do you struggle with a negative inner critic that is affecting your work or personal relationships? Or are you going through a particularly difficult time in your life and your inner critic is much more noticeable and stressful? Would you like to feel more in control of your inner critic rather than it being in control of you? Are you ashamed of this aspect of yourself and silently struggle with it?
Do you struggle with a negative inner critic that is affecting your work or personal relationships? Or are you going through a particularly difficult time in your life and your inner critic is much more noticeable and stressful? Would you like to feel more in control of your inner critic rather than it being in control of you? Are you ashamed of this aspect of yourself and silently struggle with it?
(415) 498-1473 View (415) 498-1473
Photo of Rebecca M Crabb, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Rebecca M Crabb
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
I welcome individuals willing to engage in an active, reflective treatment and try new ways of thinking and relating, both within and outside of therapy. I enjoy working with individuals in professions such as law, medicine, and engineering who seek to better manage the pressures that come with responsibility, and with artists, musicians, and writers, for whom creative expression is an integral part of emotional health. My other specialties include coping with medical illness and navigating caregiving challenges. My practice is open to adults of all ages, cultural backgrounds, gender identities, and sexual orientations.
I welcome individuals willing to engage in an active, reflective treatment and try new ways of thinking and relating, both within and outside of therapy. I enjoy working with individuals in professions such as law, medicine, and engineering who seek to better manage the pressures that come with responsibility, and with artists, musicians, and writers, for whom creative expression is an integral part of emotional health. My other specialties include coping with medical illness and navigating caregiving challenges. My practice is open to adults of all ages, cultural backgrounds, gender identities, and sexual orientations.
(415) 639-9145 View (415) 639-9145
Photo of Jeremi R Hanson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Jeremi R Hanson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
I work with people who are: exploring their layered identities, experiencing symptoms related to anxiety and depression, exploring their relationship to substance use, codependency, or sobriety, and support my clients as they move toward recovery.
I work with people who are: exploring their layered identities, experiencing symptoms related to anxiety and depression, exploring their relationship to substance use, codependency, or sobriety, and support my clients as they move toward recovery.
(415) 319-7449 View (415) 319-7449
Photo of Mark Hirschfield, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Mark Hirschfield
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Hello! I work with individuals who wish to create lasting, positive changes in their lives and relationships. I offer safe, compassionate and supportive counseling in an atmosphere that deepens understanding, promotes healing, and releases potential. Unresolved emotional issues can stifle creativity, confidence, ambition, and our ability for good relationships. Trauma and loss can cause sadness, depression and pain that inhibit and block. My personal style is interactive, empathic, non-judgmental and respectful of individual values and choices.
Hello! I work with individuals who wish to create lasting, positive changes in their lives and relationships. I offer safe, compassionate and supportive counseling in an atmosphere that deepens understanding, promotes healing, and releases potential. Unresolved emotional issues can stifle creativity, confidence, ambition, and our ability for good relationships. Trauma and loss can cause sadness, depression and pain that inhibit and block. My personal style is interactive, empathic, non-judgmental and respectful of individual values and choices.
(415) 326-1276 View (415) 326-1276
Photo of David Oretsky, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
David Oretsky
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
My approach as a psychotherapist is to meet my clients where they are, honoring their unique life experiences, offering strategies and responses that address their specific needs. I understand psychotherapy as a collaborative process. I practice listening deeply, with curiosity and respect, to support my clients’ innate capacity for self-awareness, growth, and well-being. Effective therapy requires authentic contact between therapist and client.  I am a fellow traveler, working on my own growth and transformation, while in service to my clients.
My approach as a psychotherapist is to meet my clients where they are, honoring their unique life experiences, offering strategies and responses that address their specific needs. I understand psychotherapy as a collaborative process. I practice listening deeply, with curiosity and respect, to support my clients’ innate capacity for self-awareness, growth, and well-being. Effective therapy requires authentic contact between therapist and client.  I am a fellow traveler, working on my own growth and transformation, while in service to my clients.
(415) 202-6860 View (415) 202-6860
Photo of Evan Wassarman, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Evan Wassarman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
There is no one reason to enter therapy that is more meaningful or valid than any other. In my approach, all of your experiences matter and there are no wrong answers. I view each person as unique and multi-dimensional–not just a diagnosis or a set of symptoms. You and I will discuss and think together about your past, present, and future to gain a deeper understanding of how you experience the world. Through this process we can uncover thoughts and feelings you may not have realized you had, and help you to gain a new understanding of yourself and your relationships that improves your quality of life and sense of peace of mind.
There is no one reason to enter therapy that is more meaningful or valid than any other. In my approach, all of your experiences matter and there are no wrong answers. I view each person as unique and multi-dimensional–not just a diagnosis or a set of symptoms. You and I will discuss and think together about your past, present, and future to gain a deeper understanding of how you experience the world. Through this process we can uncover thoughts and feelings you may not have realized you had, and help you to gain a new understanding of yourself and your relationships that improves your quality of life and sense of peace of mind.
(415) 997-0929 View (415) 997-0929
Photo of Dr. Joanna Renee Fassl, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Joanna Renee Fassl
Marriage & Family Therapist, Joanna Fassl, LMFT, DC, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117
My clients are looking for a different type of therapy. They wish for a more enlivened and interactive approach that engages beyond words and captures the heart of one's struggle and yearning to break free. My clients oftentimes feel lost, plagued with chronic anxiety, depression or anger, and stuck in a rigidified experience of themselves. They toggle between a tired set of coping mechanisms; and the fear and distrust of branching out into the new. My work cradles the middle: lovingly chipping away at the hardened barriers while welcoming in steady, free, authentic expression. All held in grace and awe for this precious life.
My clients are looking for a different type of therapy. They wish for a more enlivened and interactive approach that engages beyond words and captures the heart of one's struggle and yearning to break free. My clients oftentimes feel lost, plagued with chronic anxiety, depression or anger, and stuck in a rigidified experience of themselves. They toggle between a tired set of coping mechanisms; and the fear and distrust of branching out into the new. My work cradles the middle: lovingly chipping away at the hardened barriers while welcoming in steady, free, authentic expression. All held in grace and awe for this precious life.
(415) 484-3881 View (415) 484-3881
Photo of Dawn Lawhon, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dawn Lawhon
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed by work and as though you’ve lost the way forward? I specialize in individual therapy for healthcare professionals and others in highly demanding jobs seeking to recover from anxiety, stress, and burnout, and to re-find their sense of passion, purpose, and meaning. I especially enjoy working with adult ADHDers and others who identify as neurodivergent. Together, we'll consider the full range of your stressors (at work and away from it), assess the impact of the systems in which you work and live, and identify the ways of coping and growing that are most helpful for you.
Feeling overwhelmed by work and as though you’ve lost the way forward? I specialize in individual therapy for healthcare professionals and others in highly demanding jobs seeking to recover from anxiety, stress, and burnout, and to re-find their sense of passion, purpose, and meaning. I especially enjoy working with adult ADHDers and others who identify as neurodivergent. Together, we'll consider the full range of your stressors (at work and away from it), assess the impact of the systems in which you work and live, and identify the ways of coping and growing that are most helpful for you.
(415) 843-8167 View (415) 843-8167
Photo of Tracy Vadakumchery, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Tracy Vadakumchery
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
For Indian and South Asian Americans who’ve been told that you’re “bad” for not following cultural norms, for questioning these rules, for honoring your needs and desires, for forging your own path, and for challenging the rulebook: doing these things do not make you a “Bad South Asian”; they make you a more genuine and authentic one. You’re HEALING intergenerational curses. You might get messages from South Asians who tell you otherwise, but many of these “norms” are actually trauma responses. That more “cultured” South Asian person you know does not inherently know more than you. You know enough and you ARE enough.
For Indian and South Asian Americans who’ve been told that you’re “bad” for not following cultural norms, for questioning these rules, for honoring your needs and desires, for forging your own path, and for challenging the rulebook: doing these things do not make you a “Bad South Asian”; they make you a more genuine and authentic one. You’re HEALING intergenerational curses. You might get messages from South Asians who tell you otherwise, but many of these “norms” are actually trauma responses. That more “cultured” South Asian person you know does not inherently know more than you. You know enough and you ARE enough.
(415) 301-4613 View (415) 301-4613
Photo of Rebekah B. Tinker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rebekah B. Tinker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94117
I believe the therapeutic relationship is built from trust and sincerity. My hope is to hold space for a genuine connection that fosters dynamic self reflection. Looking deeper into the layers of experience that inform our internal gaze and external lens, and what we intrinsically value and believe. Whether you are looking to unravel patterns of codependency, improve communication with your partner(s), or navigate through body shame and disordered eating, I see opportunity for clarity and resolve.
I believe the therapeutic relationship is built from trust and sincerity. My hope is to hold space for a genuine connection that fosters dynamic self reflection. Looking deeper into the layers of experience that inform our internal gaze and external lens, and what we intrinsically value and believe. Whether you are looking to unravel patterns of codependency, improve communication with your partner(s), or navigate through body shame and disordered eating, I see opportunity for clarity and resolve.
(415) 534-4113 View (415) 534-4113
Photo of Camilla Busnovetsky, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Camilla Busnovetsky
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
If you're looking for a therapist, you're probably feeling like life is harder than it should be. Well, life IS hard. It can also be filled with a lot of joy, love, and fulfillment if you know where to look. You may be in your 20s navigating post college life, or perhaps you're a new parent struggling with a brand new identity, or maybe you're a child of immigrants feeling stuck between 2 cultures and sets of expectations.
If you're looking for a therapist, you're probably feeling like life is harder than it should be. Well, life IS hard. It can also be filled with a lot of joy, love, and fulfillment if you know where to look. You may be in your 20s navigating post college life, or perhaps you're a new parent struggling with a brand new identity, or maybe you're a child of immigrants feeling stuck between 2 cultures and sets of expectations.
(415) 742-2883 View (415) 742-2883
Photo of Kimia Mansoor, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Kimia Mansoor
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Are you feeling disappointed and dissatisfied with your current circumstances, relationships, work, or the world at large? I specialize in working with adults, adolescents, and couples experiencing high levels of stress, interpersonal conflict, difficult family/relationship dynamics, grief, and chronic pain or illness. I often work with people who feel "different" and who may have experienced deep feelings of otherness throughout their lives. This includes children of immigrants, neurodiverse individuals, survivors of complex trauma/abuse, and those who identify with minority status in one or more ways.
Are you feeling disappointed and dissatisfied with your current circumstances, relationships, work, or the world at large? I specialize in working with adults, adolescents, and couples experiencing high levels of stress, interpersonal conflict, difficult family/relationship dynamics, grief, and chronic pain or illness. I often work with people who feel "different" and who may have experienced deep feelings of otherness throughout their lives. This includes children of immigrants, neurodiverse individuals, survivors of complex trauma/abuse, and those who identify with minority status in one or more ways.
(415) 423-0335 View (415) 423-0335
Photo of Francesco Cerminara, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Francesco Cerminara
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Maybe life has taught you that you don’t matter or that’s not ok for you to take space, to express yourself authentically, like you are worth less than others. Maybe you just don’t seem to know how to relate to your feelings or simply feel so much that it feels overwhelming. Maybe you have grown tired of feeling alone or sad, keeping distance from others to feel safer. Maybe you are tired of worrying about what others might say or think and that worrying stops you from doing or saying what you’d like to. Maybe there’s something you always wanted to do, like a dream, but you don’t believe possible.
Maybe life has taught you that you don’t matter or that’s not ok for you to take space, to express yourself authentically, like you are worth less than others. Maybe you just don’t seem to know how to relate to your feelings or simply feel so much that it feels overwhelming. Maybe you have grown tired of feeling alone or sad, keeping distance from others to feel safer. Maybe you are tired of worrying about what others might say or think and that worrying stops you from doing or saying what you’d like to. Maybe there’s something you always wanted to do, like a dream, but you don’t believe possible.
(628) 222-2768 View (628) 222-2768
Photo of Candace Kavanagh, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Candace Kavanagh
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94121
I love working with teens, families, couples and adults from 18 to 25. I specialize working LGBTQIA+ persons exploring identity and connection to their community. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, difficulty with motivation and doom scrolling.
I love working with teens, families, couples and adults from 18 to 25. I specialize working LGBTQIA+ persons exploring identity and connection to their community. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, difficulty with motivation and doom scrolling.
(415) 234-5098 View (415) 234-5098
Photo of Arlene Bermann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Arlene Bermann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
I think of therapy as like sanctuary - a place where there aren't distractions, where there is an opportunity to pay attention to what is important, in a spirit of kindness. Because of this, many individuals and couples find it to be enjoyable, and very relieving. Of course, since people do therapy to work on painful things, therapy itself isn't always easy. But at least things can be approached thoughtfully and skillfully, in a safe context, and this itself brings great benefits.
I think of therapy as like sanctuary - a place where there aren't distractions, where there is an opportunity to pay attention to what is important, in a spirit of kindness. Because of this, many individuals and couples find it to be enjoyable, and very relieving. Of course, since people do therapy to work on painful things, therapy itself isn't always easy. But at least things can be approached thoughtfully and skillfully, in a safe context, and this itself brings great benefits.
(415) 574-0962 View (415) 574-0962
Photo of Lizette G Martinez, Associate Clinical Social Worker in San Francisco, CA
Lizette G Martinez
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW
Not Verified Not Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
You want to feel seen, understood, and validated in your experience. You want a life that’s more fulfilling. Maybe your past experiences are getting in your way and you’re feeling ready to finally work through them... and maybe even learn to use them as opportunities to grow. Maybe you’re tired of feeling disconnected and lost. Maybe you’re: -Feeling numb to the world around you. -Trying to thrive but feeling burned out. -Feeling down, anxious, overwhelmed, or not like yourself. -Struggling to figure out how to move forward from your past.
You want to feel seen, understood, and validated in your experience. You want a life that’s more fulfilling. Maybe your past experiences are getting in your way and you’re feeling ready to finally work through them... and maybe even learn to use them as opportunities to grow. Maybe you’re tired of feeling disconnected and lost. Maybe you’re: -Feeling numb to the world around you. -Trying to thrive but feeling burned out. -Feeling down, anxious, overwhelmed, or not like yourself. -Struggling to figure out how to move forward from your past.
(415) 881-5711 View (415) 881-5711
Photo of Michael Myette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Michael Myette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Welcome!...If you are reading this, you are most likely looking to make a change. It could be something you have been working towards for some time, or a sudden spark of inspiration and clarity. Whatever your journey to this moment, you are in a ripe time for development and growth! I have extensive experience helping adults of all ages and orientations identify and meet their therapy, work, relationship, and life goals. I especially enjoy working adults struggling with anxiety, trauma, low-self-worth, life transitions, work/life balance, perfectionism, and self-actualization.
Welcome!...If you are reading this, you are most likely looking to make a change. It could be something you have been working towards for some time, or a sudden spark of inspiration and clarity. Whatever your journey to this moment, you are in a ripe time for development and growth! I have extensive experience helping adults of all ages and orientations identify and meet their therapy, work, relationship, and life goals. I especially enjoy working adults struggling with anxiety, trauma, low-self-worth, life transitions, work/life balance, perfectionism, and self-actualization.
(415) 991-7993 View (415) 991-7993
Photo of Christina Li, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Christina Li
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Finding balance and living a fulfilling life is easier said than done. The concepts may seem simple, but the reality is that it takes patience and bravery to ride out the waves. As a therapist, I encourage you to find confidence, purpose, and meaning to live authentically in the present. I have experience and passion working with those experiencing multigenerational trauma and transitions, as well as a special emphasis on creative/artistic lifestyles, and cultural competency. Prior to becoming a therapist, I was a music journalist. My roots reside in the Bay Area. I currently also serve on the Board for Donaldina Cameron House.
Finding balance and living a fulfilling life is easier said than done. The concepts may seem simple, but the reality is that it takes patience and bravery to ride out the waves. As a therapist, I encourage you to find confidence, purpose, and meaning to live authentically in the present. I have experience and passion working with those experiencing multigenerational trauma and transitions, as well as a special emphasis on creative/artistic lifestyles, and cultural competency. Prior to becoming a therapist, I was a music journalist. My roots reside in the Bay Area. I currently also serve on the Board for Donaldina Cameron House.
(415) 991-6023 View (415) 991-6023

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.