Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

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Photo of Mysti VanAken Rainwater, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Mysti VanAken Rainwater
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85044
My clients get to experience a judgement free zone to discuss all the hard things... all the things partners argue about... sex, money, parenting, division of the workload and substance use... to name a few! I specialize in working with couples using a progressive approach and incorporating the Enneagram, MBTI and Love Languages to help couples and families find their way back to a kind, respectful, loving, healthy relationship. If you are struggling in your relationships, let's talk!
My clients get to experience a judgement free zone to discuss all the hard things... all the things partners argue about... sex, money, parenting, division of the workload and substance use... to name a few! I specialize in working with couples using a progressive approach and incorporating the Enneagram, MBTI and Love Languages to help couples and families find their way back to a kind, respectful, loving, healthy relationship. If you are struggling in your relationships, let's talk!
(520) 253-7654 View (520) 253-7654
Photo of Phoenix Wellness Center, LPC Intern in Phoenix, AZ
Phoenix Wellness Center
LPC Intern, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85085
I work with clients who have depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma, low self-esteem, anger, and interpersonal issues.
I work with clients who have depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma, low self-esteem, anger, and interpersonal issues.
(623) 304-8656 View (623) 304-8656
Photo of Tara McKeeman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Tara McKeeman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85023
Effective therapy begins with listening well. Tara’s sessions open spaces for clients to express and claim their own knowledge and experiences through a holistic (whole person) approach. Ready to meet each individual and their situation, Tara presents optimism, authenticity, and sincerity to mold trustful partnerships with clients on their own pathway of change and progress. She draws from a variety of methods to meet client’s needs in tandem with mindfulness of social systems and changes taking place within the individual and family dynamic.
Effective therapy begins with listening well. Tara’s sessions open spaces for clients to express and claim their own knowledge and experiences through a holistic (whole person) approach. Ready to meet each individual and their situation, Tara presents optimism, authenticity, and sincerity to mold trustful partnerships with clients on their own pathway of change and progress. She draws from a variety of methods to meet client’s needs in tandem with mindfulness of social systems and changes taking place within the individual and family dynamic.
(602) 755-1756 View (602) 755-1756
Photo of Carmen Caruso, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Carmen Caruso
Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
You’re wrong again! Or at least thats what you’ve been told over & over again, to the point that your brain feels like its floating in acid water, slowing dissolving your ability to perceive any given situation, event or memory of a conversation accurately. You don’t recall having problems with memory or perception before this relationship. You’re struggling to make sense of every day things. This is just one of the effects of narcissistic abuse. It's called gaslighting, it's an insidious tool used to erode your ability to perceive reality and its also one of the most common tools used by a narcissist to control and manipulate you.
You’re wrong again! Or at least thats what you’ve been told over & over again, to the point that your brain feels like its floating in acid water, slowing dissolving your ability to perceive any given situation, event or memory of a conversation accurately. You don’t recall having problems with memory or perception before this relationship. You’re struggling to make sense of every day things. This is just one of the effects of narcissistic abuse. It's called gaslighting, it's an insidious tool used to erode your ability to perceive reality and its also one of the most common tools used by a narcissist to control and manipulate you.
(480) 405-0596 View (480) 405-0596
Photo of Alexis Fuller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Alexis Fuller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85027  (Online Only)
Ideal patients or any patients struggling from trauma and their diagnosis is anxiety and depression. The patient is trying to overcome being a people pleaser and their needs would be learning how to set proper boundaries with others. What they want is to learn different coping skills to help reduce presenting issues. Why they want to learn these coping skills is to help them create a peaceful, pleasant mind set and be able to function in a positive manner and establish a positive life cycle and well-being.
Ideal patients or any patients struggling from trauma and their diagnosis is anxiety and depression. The patient is trying to overcome being a people pleaser and their needs would be learning how to set proper boundaries with others. What they want is to learn different coping skills to help reduce presenting issues. Why they want to learn these coping skills is to help them create a peaceful, pleasant mind set and be able to function in a positive manner and establish a positive life cycle and well-being.
(623) 624-8054 View (623) 624-8054
Photo of Firm Foundation Counseling Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Firm Foundation Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
Hello, I love working with teens and preteens struggling to cope with life challenges. These challenges or experiences sometimes tell us we are weak, not worthy, not loved, or can't handle life. My passion is to help you discover the power you already have to move through life knowing you are important to the world. Whether you are dealing with depression, anxiety, grief, or ADHD, I am here to help you develop the skills needed to live a healthier life. I have my LPC and offer Telehealth sessions after school.
Hello, I love working with teens and preteens struggling to cope with life challenges. These challenges or experiences sometimes tell us we are weak, not worthy, not loved, or can't handle life. My passion is to help you discover the power you already have to move through life knowing you are important to the world. Whether you are dealing with depression, anxiety, grief, or ADHD, I am here to help you develop the skills needed to live a healthier life. I have my LPC and offer Telehealth sessions after school.
(602) 560-4672 x100 View (602) 560-4672 x100
Photo of Dani Martz, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Dani Martz
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LISAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85020  (Online Only)
Stress? Anxiety? Withdrawal symptoms? Cravings? “I want to stop the cycle. I do. I don’t know where to begin, what to say. There’s just so much to figure out…and it’s all too much. I’ll just take another drink, pick up one more time.” Or, you’re the family member, partner, or friend who’s trying to help someone they care about with their addiction but living on the other side of it. “I’m not sleeping anymore. I have my own racing thoughts, heart palpitations, anxiety. I’m consumed by their addiction and I don’t even use! I’ve taken them to pick up before. What am I doing? I need someone to help me sort this out.”
Stress? Anxiety? Withdrawal symptoms? Cravings? “I want to stop the cycle. I do. I don’t know where to begin, what to say. There’s just so much to figure out…and it’s all too much. I’ll just take another drink, pick up one more time.” Or, you’re the family member, partner, or friend who’s trying to help someone they care about with their addiction but living on the other side of it. “I’m not sleeping anymore. I have my own racing thoughts, heart palpitations, anxiety. I’m consumed by their addiction and I don’t even use! I’ve taken them to pick up before. What am I doing? I need someone to help me sort this out.”
(602) 691-6788 View (602) 691-6788
Photo of Sweetheart Healing, Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Sweetheart Healing
Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85029  (Online Only)
Using personal experience and education as a foundation to work from, I'm confident in my ability to give help & support for others.
Using personal experience and education as a foundation to work from, I'm confident in my ability to give help & support for others.
(602) 806-1469 View (602) 806-1469
Photo of Arizona Marriage and Family Therapy Clinic, Marriage & Family Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Arizona Marriage and Family Therapy Clinic
Marriage & Family Therapist, MAS-MFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85014
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I seek to provide a comfortable and nonjudgmental environment to work through life’s challenges. I offer support to individuals, couples, and families by promoting vulnerability, healing and connection. I utilize evidence based approaches that are clinically shown to improve relationships. Through a comprehensive assessment, I seek to understand how personal experiences, family history, culture, spirituality, sexual orientation, gender identity & expression, race, life stage, and relationship patterns influence well being and current challenges.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, I seek to provide a comfortable and nonjudgmental environment to work through life’s challenges. I offer support to individuals, couples, and families by promoting vulnerability, healing and connection. I utilize evidence based approaches that are clinically shown to improve relationships. Through a comprehensive assessment, I seek to understand how personal experiences, family history, culture, spirituality, sexual orientation, gender identity & expression, race, life stage, and relationship patterns influence well being and current challenges.
(480) 470-1713 View (480) 470-1713
Photo of Charles Atkinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Charles Atkinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85028
Welcome ! I am an Arizona, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. "A therapist can only guide you on your emotional journey, only as far as they have traveled".I have been a therapist for 35 years and married for 46 years. Thus, allowing my life experiences and academic background to a deeper understanding to help heal individuals, couples, and marriages. I will help build and develop a healthy rapport with my clients on a foundation of trust, respect, tolerance, and non- judgement. Also, I bring 30 years of experiences as a Professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey.
Welcome ! I am an Arizona, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. "A therapist can only guide you on your emotional journey, only as far as they have traveled".I have been a therapist for 35 years and married for 46 years. Thus, allowing my life experiences and academic background to a deeper understanding to help heal individuals, couples, and marriages. I will help build and develop a healthy rapport with my clients on a foundation of trust, respect, tolerance, and non- judgement. Also, I bring 30 years of experiences as a Professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey.
(602) 854-9079 View (602) 854-9079
Photo of Anne V Mann, Marriage & Family Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Anne V Mann
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85016
Not accepting new clients
I offer in-person counseling as well as video counseling via Doxy, a HIPPA compliant service. I believe that the client-therapist relationship is key in helping people address the life challenges that bring them to counseling. You may be struggling with depression, anxiety, or grief and loss that interferes with building and enjoying meaningful relationships. Perhaps self-esteem is an issue for you. I will share your goal of finding your answers to a thriving, high functioning new beginning.
I offer in-person counseling as well as video counseling via Doxy, a HIPPA compliant service. I believe that the client-therapist relationship is key in helping people address the life challenges that bring them to counseling. You may be struggling with depression, anxiety, or grief and loss that interferes with building and enjoying meaningful relationships. Perhaps self-esteem is an issue for you. I will share your goal of finding your answers to a thriving, high functioning new beginning.
(480) 418-2328 View (480) 418-2328
Photo of Herb N' Oasis | Oasis Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Herb N' Oasis | Oasis Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85018  (Online Only)
As a member of our community we know that maintaining good mental health is an ongoing process and one that requires a good fit between you and your provider. We understand the courage it takes to ask for help, so give yourself credit for taking this step. Our holistic approach targets a variety of needs from managing stress, to preparing for life changes, to coping with diagnoses supported by medication. Your treatment is tailored through individual assessments and treatment plans to keep things as unique as you are, whether you're an individual, couple, or family unit. (Licensed in AZ & MA)
As a member of our community we know that maintaining good mental health is an ongoing process and one that requires a good fit between you and your provider. We understand the courage it takes to ask for help, so give yourself credit for taking this step. Our holistic approach targets a variety of needs from managing stress, to preparing for life changes, to coping with diagnoses supported by medication. Your treatment is tailored through individual assessments and treatment plans to keep things as unique as you are, whether you're an individual, couple, or family unit. (Licensed in AZ & MA)
(617) 765-1104 View (617) 765-1104
Photo of Scott Bennion, Pastoral Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Scott Bennion
Pastoral Counselor, DMin, BCPC, BCC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85020
Welcome to my faith-based online counseling services specializing in relationships, sexuality, and spirituality. With a compassionate approach, I'm here to support individuals and couples on their journey, seamlessly integrating Christian principles into our sessions. Whether you're navigating the complexities of reconciling faith and sexuality, overcoming relational hurdles, or seeking healing from past church experiences, I'm dedicated to providing guidance and unwavering support. As a Board-Certified Pastoral Counselor, I'm committed to fostering a safe, non-judgmental environment for clients from diverse backgrounds.
Welcome to my faith-based online counseling services specializing in relationships, sexuality, and spirituality. With a compassionate approach, I'm here to support individuals and couples on their journey, seamlessly integrating Christian principles into our sessions. Whether you're navigating the complexities of reconciling faith and sexuality, overcoming relational hurdles, or seeking healing from past church experiences, I'm dedicated to providing guidance and unwavering support. As a Board-Certified Pastoral Counselor, I'm committed to fostering a safe, non-judgmental environment for clients from diverse backgrounds.
(623) 254-4410 View (623) 254-4410
Photo of Dawn A Farmer in Phoenix, AZ
Dawn A Farmer
MSMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85032  (Online Only)
Do you feel stuck, unable to move toward your goals or desires and you are not sure why? Are there moments when you hear a sound, a phrase or smell and your body instantly shuts down? When we experience significant trauma, abuse or dehumanizing messages in our lives even the most driven individual can struggle to "get over it." Are you looking for freedom to be who you truly are or discover your true self despite everyones expectations of you? Are you looking to better understand why you react to certain situations? Or why sometimes you feel like quitting even though you don't know why?
Do you feel stuck, unable to move toward your goals or desires and you are not sure why? Are there moments when you hear a sound, a phrase or smell and your body instantly shuts down? When we experience significant trauma, abuse or dehumanizing messages in our lives even the most driven individual can struggle to "get over it." Are you looking for freedom to be who you truly are or discover your true self despite everyones expectations of you? Are you looking to better understand why you react to certain situations? Or why sometimes you feel like quitting even though you don't know why?
(602) 691-5306 View (602) 691-5306
Photo of Anthony Locascio, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Anthony Locascio
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85001  (Online Only)
Therapy is a collaborative experience where we work together on the reasons why you came to therapy. Through the growth and the development of the therapeutic relationship the reasons why you come to therapy can be explored in a safe and friendly environment so that you can become the person that you want to be. Also I accept many insurance plans through my private practice.
Therapy is a collaborative experience where we work together on the reasons why you came to therapy. Through the growth and the development of the therapeutic relationship the reasons why you come to therapy can be explored in a safe and friendly environment so that you can become the person that you want to be. Also I accept many insurance plans through my private practice.
(623) 462-3777 View (623) 462-3777
Photo of Trisha Kelly-Serrato, Marriage & Family Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Trisha Kelly-Serrato
Marriage & Family Therapist, MAS-MFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016
Let's be REAL. Life is hard and most of us get stuck from time to time. It's as simple as being human, but that does not mean we need to stay stuck. It is my honor to walk alongside you in this uncertain journey of life. I can help you, as you maneuver your way through difficult life transitions, challenging relationships & past traumas that creep up in your daily life. My specialty is helping others HEAL from past traumas, break dysfunctional patterns and improve their relationship with themselves and others. If you're looking for a real & down to earth therapist, I'm your gal.
Let's be REAL. Life is hard and most of us get stuck from time to time. It's as simple as being human, but that does not mean we need to stay stuck. It is my honor to walk alongside you in this uncertain journey of life. I can help you, as you maneuver your way through difficult life transitions, challenging relationships & past traumas that creep up in your daily life. My specialty is helping others HEAL from past traumas, break dysfunctional patterns and improve their relationship with themselves and others. If you're looking for a real & down to earth therapist, I'm your gal.
(480) 418-9560 View (480) 418-9560
Photo of Amy Guido, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Amy Guido
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85018
Hi there, I work with everyone from young adults to empty nesters to show up in their relationships more authentically-I especially help with the challenge of raising kids and individuating from parents. I support people with differences to use moments of potential tension to get curious instead of furious or fearful, building a life they want to come home to - with skills that transfer to all their relationships especially the one they have with themself. If you're ready to grow with the support of someone who gets where things get tricky, is reliable but also relatable, then give me a call.
Hi there, I work with everyone from young adults to empty nesters to show up in their relationships more authentically-I especially help with the challenge of raising kids and individuating from parents. I support people with differences to use moments of potential tension to get curious instead of furious or fearful, building a life they want to come home to - with skills that transfer to all their relationships especially the one they have with themself. If you're ready to grow with the support of someone who gets where things get tricky, is reliable but also relatable, then give me a call.
(623) 462-2381 View (623) 462-2381
Photo of Kathryn McClearn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Kathryn McClearn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85021
I have experience working in many different settings including city social services, in education, an outpatient clinic and within a homeless shelter. I am trained to work with children, adolescents, parents, individuals, couples, and families on various issues that hinder growth and happiness. I specialize in the trauma therapy (EMDR), ABA for working with individuals on the spectrum, mindfulness and relaxation methods, and cognitive behavioral therapy. My counseling style is centered around helping you complete the goals you set for yourself in a supportive and warm environment, free of judgment.
I have experience working in many different settings including city social services, in education, an outpatient clinic and within a homeless shelter. I am trained to work with children, adolescents, parents, individuals, couples, and families on various issues that hinder growth and happiness. I specialize in the trauma therapy (EMDR), ABA for working with individuals on the spectrum, mindfulness and relaxation methods, and cognitive behavioral therapy. My counseling style is centered around helping you complete the goals you set for yourself in a supportive and warm environment, free of judgment.
(602) 610-0092 View (602) 610-0092
Photo of Chris Kraemer, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Phoenix, AZ
Chris Kraemer
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LISAC, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85027
***NOW OFFERING ONLINE COUNSELING***Do you ever feel stuck? Stuck in your relationships or stuck in your thoughts. You feel like no matter what I’ll never be good enough. You feel alone, frustrated and not understood. Do you wish you had a “start over” button? You struggle with the “should” and “if only” this or that would have happened. Do you feel disconnected from the people that you care about? Have you started using substances or behaviors in unhealthy ways to cope with things that have just not gone according to plan? Do you ever think about the future and feel hopeless not hopeful.
***NOW OFFERING ONLINE COUNSELING***Do you ever feel stuck? Stuck in your relationships or stuck in your thoughts. You feel like no matter what I’ll never be good enough. You feel alone, frustrated and not understood. Do you wish you had a “start over” button? You struggle with the “should” and “if only” this or that would have happened. Do you feel disconnected from the people that you care about? Have you started using substances or behaviors in unhealthy ways to cope with things that have just not gone according to plan? Do you ever think about the future and feel hopeless not hopeful.
(623) 748-0995 View (623) 748-0995
Photo of Erin L Sebree, Marriage & Family Therapist in Phoenix, AZ
Erin L Sebree
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LISAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85016  (Online Only)
I have experience working with many issues such as depression, anxiety, relationship challenges, attachment based issues, traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress, meaning of life issues, substance use disorders, emotional dysfunction, stress management, and self-esteem and self-worth issues.
I have experience working with many issues such as depression, anxiety, relationship challenges, attachment based issues, traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress, meaning of life issues, substance use disorders, emotional dysfunction, stress management, and self-esteem and self-worth issues.
(602) 671-2291 View (602) 671-2291

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Phoenix, AZ

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Phoenix, AZ who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
76% Self Esteem
70% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Phoenix, AZ see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Phoenix?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.