Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Aileen Hickey, Counselor in Boston, MA
Aileen Hickey
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02135  (Online Only)
I am an experienced Licensed Mental Health Clinician with a strong record of more than 10 years establishing solid relationships with my clients providing counseling, advocacy, liaison services, and integrated care to a diverse population of clients. My therapeutic orientation is built around human connections, growth, internal strengths, and self-awareness. I am passionate about working with individuals and their families helping them to overcome life adversities, heal and make change for success within their lives. I specialize in adolescents and young adults.
I am an experienced Licensed Mental Health Clinician with a strong record of more than 10 years establishing solid relationships with my clients providing counseling, advocacy, liaison services, and integrated care to a diverse population of clients. My therapeutic orientation is built around human connections, growth, internal strengths, and self-awareness. I am passionate about working with individuals and their families helping them to overcome life adversities, heal and make change for success within their lives. I specialize in adolescents and young adults.
(617) 644-4117 View (617) 644-4117
Photo of Donna Scott, Counselor in Boston, MA
Donna Scott
Counselor, MA, CAGS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and I treat depression, anxiety, trauma, bipolar and substance abuse issues. I work with adults of all professional levels who may be struggling at work, have parenting issues or problems with their relationships. I also work with low needs neurotypical people. I help people who are feeling stuck, who have a sense of where they want to go or how they want to feel, but may not have the momentum, confidence, or motivation they need to get there. Together we clarify your goals, get to know the inner and outer obstacles you face, and develop your strengths and tools for moving forward.
Hello, I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and I treat depression, anxiety, trauma, bipolar and substance abuse issues. I work with adults of all professional levels who may be struggling at work, have parenting issues or problems with their relationships. I also work with low needs neurotypical people. I help people who are feeling stuck, who have a sense of where they want to go or how they want to feel, but may not have the momentum, confidence, or motivation they need to get there. Together we clarify your goals, get to know the inner and outer obstacles you face, and develop your strengths and tools for moving forward.
(781) 694-6982 View (781) 694-6982
Photo of Nathalie Alexis, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Nathalie Alexis
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I view therapy as a collaborative process in which we can explore difficult feelings, promote greater self-understanding, and cultivate self-compassion. There is great care in building safe and warm relationships with my clients as they heal from pain and adversity and discover their capacity for growth and resilience.
I view therapy as a collaborative process in which we can explore difficult feelings, promote greater self-understanding, and cultivate self-compassion. There is great care in building safe and warm relationships with my clients as they heal from pain and adversity and discover their capacity for growth and resilience.
(617) 404-2954 View (617) 404-2954
Photo of Sandra Capecelatro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Sandra Capecelatro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
Now Accepting Clients: I am Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker who specializes in mental health treatment for adults, college students, and youth of all ages. For over ten years I have worked in the mental health field throughout New England. Since obtaining my masters from Boston College, I have worked in various settings such as residential treatment facilities, community based work, inpatient hospital settings, schools and colleges. I have experience running groups, individual therapy, family therapy, training and supervising. I aim to break mental health stigma and challenge societal norms.
Now Accepting Clients: I am Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker who specializes in mental health treatment for adults, college students, and youth of all ages. For over ten years I have worked in the mental health field throughout New England. Since obtaining my masters from Boston College, I have worked in various settings such as residential treatment facilities, community based work, inpatient hospital settings, schools and colleges. I have experience running groups, individual therapy, family therapy, training and supervising. I aim to break mental health stigma and challenge societal norms.
(617) 362-4973 View (617) 362-4973
Photo of Angel H Reed, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Angel H Reed
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MTS, MA
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I believe a strong alliance and the ability to honestly talk about the experience of working together is vital to this work, for as we are wounded in relationships, we heal in relationships. I aim to create a safe space in which you feel comfortable taking risks and sharing anything you'd like - no subject is off limits - and I seek to support you beyond symptom management to facilitate transformation on a soul level. We do this by working together to befriend and learn from the shadowy aspects of the Self and by developing a dialogue between the conscious and unconscious to support individuation, the process of becoming oneself.
I believe a strong alliance and the ability to honestly talk about the experience of working together is vital to this work, for as we are wounded in relationships, we heal in relationships. I aim to create a safe space in which you feel comfortable taking risks and sharing anything you'd like - no subject is off limits - and I seek to support you beyond symptom management to facilitate transformation on a soul level. We do this by working together to befriend and learn from the shadowy aspects of the Self and by developing a dialogue between the conscious and unconscious to support individuation, the process of becoming oneself.
(617) 404-4722 View (617) 404-4722
Photo of Kathleen Connolly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Kathleen Connolly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02132  (Online Only)
Change and life transitions can be difficult and scary. You don't have to go through them alone. COVID has affected everyone and their emotions. We have all been challenged to live our lives differently. Are there more family members living at home? Has your job changed? Are your children learning virtually now? Do you have a family member in hospital or nursing home that you can't visit as often as you would like? You may find yourself anxious or depressed. Your self esteem may be wavering. You may feel lonely. You don't have to be alone with any of this. I can help.
Change and life transitions can be difficult and scary. You don't have to go through them alone. COVID has affected everyone and their emotions. We have all been challenged to live our lives differently. Are there more family members living at home? Has your job changed? Are your children learning virtually now? Do you have a family member in hospital or nursing home that you can't visit as often as you would like? You may find yourself anxious or depressed. Your self esteem may be wavering. You may feel lonely. You don't have to be alone with any of this. I can help.
(781) 208-5977 View (781) 208-5977
Photo of Justin Centi, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Justin Centi
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
I provide individual psychotherapy, cognitive remediation/executive functioning therapy, and neuropsychological assessment services for adults and adolescents (16+). My clinical specialties include attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety- and mood disorders, academic/learning-related challenges, sleep disorders, and career dissatisfaction. I work best with goal-oriented clients who are looking to develop insight into their emotions, adopt healthy coping strategies, and process complex experiences through deliberative, rational contemplation.
I provide individual psychotherapy, cognitive remediation/executive functioning therapy, and neuropsychological assessment services for adults and adolescents (16+). My clinical specialties include attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety- and mood disorders, academic/learning-related challenges, sleep disorders, and career dissatisfaction. I work best with goal-oriented clients who are looking to develop insight into their emotions, adopt healthy coping strategies, and process complex experiences through deliberative, rational contemplation.
(857) 336-1550 View (857) 336-1550
Photo of L. Stella Loaiza, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
L. Stella Loaiza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116
Not accepting new clients
"I am committed to help you find that feeling of empowerment within you that you may not have even known you had, and then using that empowerment to resolve real life situations."
"I am committed to help you find that feeling of empowerment within you that you may not have even known you had, and then using that empowerment to resolve real life situations."
(617) 712-0311 View (617) 712-0311
Photo of Cameron C Neiblum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Cameron C Neiblum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130
I’m so proud of you for making it this far on your mental-health journey! It’s a hard road, but you are not walking it alone.To help you accomplish your therapeutic goals, I believe in first helping you feel safe, understood, and grounded in my space as well as within our professional relationship. From there, we can utilize the power of empathy, compassion, patience, and accountability to create the transformation you want to see.
I’m so proud of you for making it this far on your mental-health journey! It’s a hard road, but you are not walking it alone.To help you accomplish your therapeutic goals, I believe in first helping you feel safe, understood, and grounded in my space as well as within our professional relationship. From there, we can utilize the power of empathy, compassion, patience, and accountability to create the transformation you want to see.
(857) 349-9876 View (857) 349-9876
Photo of Dr. Jasper S. Lee, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Dr. Jasper S. Lee
Psychologist, PhD, MS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
You deserve to receive the highest quality, evidence-based care available. As a dedicated Cognitive Behavioral Therapist who specializes in health psychology and behavioral medicine (coping with chronic illnesses, injuries, and diseases), we will work together to identify and change unhelpful thoughts and behaviors to improve your emotional well-being and quality of life. These methods have been shown to work, and I tailor our work to your specific needs. Using a compassionate, person-centered approach, I work with clients to achieve their unique goals for therapy. I am fully licensed in MA and telehealth licensed in FL.
You deserve to receive the highest quality, evidence-based care available. As a dedicated Cognitive Behavioral Therapist who specializes in health psychology and behavioral medicine (coping with chronic illnesses, injuries, and diseases), we will work together to identify and change unhelpful thoughts and behaviors to improve your emotional well-being and quality of life. These methods have been shown to work, and I tailor our work to your specific needs. Using a compassionate, person-centered approach, I work with clients to achieve their unique goals for therapy. I am fully licensed in MA and telehealth licensed in FL.
(857) 575-2901 View (857) 575-2901
Photo of Stephanie Hostrander, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Stephanie Hostrander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02135  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life's journey sometimes takes twists and turns that can leave you feeling like you're in the unknown. Therapy can support you in navigating your journey by creating a neutral and supportive environment. While taking a holistic approach in my clinical practice I have supported individuals with a variety of different backgrounds and presenting concerns.
Life's journey sometimes takes twists and turns that can leave you feeling like you're in the unknown. Therapy can support you in navigating your journey by creating a neutral and supportive environment. While taking a holistic approach in my clinical practice I have supported individuals with a variety of different backgrounds and presenting concerns.
(508) 456-9042 View (508) 456-9042
Photo of Natasha Snipes, Counselor in Boston, MA
Natasha Snipes
Counselor, MA, NCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
My clinical experience began in 2019, working with people of all ages and genders facing various challenges including depression, anxiety, trauma, and suicidality. I work with people of all ages, and I enjoy helping everyone discover new ways to navigate life stressors. My approach to therapy is to make sure you are involved in the process. I will work with you to define your goals of therapy and what's important for you to work on. I also use evidence-based techniques to ensure that the practices provide the most benefit to you.
My clinical experience began in 2019, working with people of all ages and genders facing various challenges including depression, anxiety, trauma, and suicidality. I work with people of all ages, and I enjoy helping everyone discover new ways to navigate life stressors. My approach to therapy is to make sure you are involved in the process. I will work with you to define your goals of therapy and what's important for you to work on. I also use evidence-based techniques to ensure that the practices provide the most benefit to you.
(978) 503-3982 View (978) 503-3982
Photo of Andrea Constantino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Andrea Constantino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02131
Not accepting new clients
I am not accepting new clients at this time. I am a Social Worker who has worked with children, adults, and families needing guidance for over 20 years. I work with people of all ages and backgrounds. I will collaborate with you to help you achieve all of your goals and to learn how to manage your mental health. I work with all different diagnosis' including Anxiety, PTSD, Depression, OCD, ADHD, Autism, Bipolar I and II, and and Schizophrenia. Every person is individually unique and I am ready to meet you where you are at to help guide you to get you to where you want to be.
I am not accepting new clients at this time. I am a Social Worker who has worked with children, adults, and families needing guidance for over 20 years. I work with people of all ages and backgrounds. I will collaborate with you to help you achieve all of your goals and to learn how to manage your mental health. I work with all different diagnosis' including Anxiety, PTSD, Depression, OCD, ADHD, Autism, Bipolar I and II, and and Schizophrenia. Every person is individually unique and I am ready to meet you where you are at to help guide you to get you to where you want to be.
(857) 763-4409 View (857) 763-4409
Photo of Maria Camerota, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Maria Camerota
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients! Maria is a LICSW in MA and CT and provides virtual individual therapy. Maria specializes working with adults and college/graduate students with mood and anxiety disorders, addiction, life transitions, self-esteem issues, relationship issues, and LGBTQIA+ related topics. Maria has years of experience working with individuals with mental health complexities in PHP/Inpatient care and case management settings, and is exceptionally experienced collaborating with her clients and individualizing care.
Accepting New Clients! Maria is a LICSW in MA and CT and provides virtual individual therapy. Maria specializes working with adults and college/graduate students with mood and anxiety disorders, addiction, life transitions, self-esteem issues, relationship issues, and LGBTQIA+ related topics. Maria has years of experience working with individuals with mental health complexities in PHP/Inpatient care and case management settings, and is exceptionally experienced collaborating with her clients and individualizing care.
(857) 420-4964 View (857) 420-4964
Photo of Michael Ruben Back Bay Life Coaching And Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Michael Ruben Back Bay Life Coaching And Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
Are you struggling with stress, anxiety, low self-esteem or relationship issues? I provide you with a comfortable environment to explore your thoughts and feelings. I attentively listen attentively and, more importantly, I provide you with insight, guidance, and skills to effectively make the changes you desire. In person Newbury St. or telehealth sessions are available. For couples therapy, I work to enhance your connection, resolve conflicts, improve communication, cultivate trust and intimacy, enhance sexual chemistry and romance, and become more compassionate partners. Recovery from affairs is a further specialization.
Are you struggling with stress, anxiety, low self-esteem or relationship issues? I provide you with a comfortable environment to explore your thoughts and feelings. I attentively listen attentively and, more importantly, I provide you with insight, guidance, and skills to effectively make the changes you desire. In person Newbury St. or telehealth sessions are available. For couples therapy, I work to enhance your connection, resolve conflicts, improve communication, cultivate trust and intimacy, enhance sexual chemistry and romance, and become more compassionate partners. Recovery from affairs is a further specialization.
(617) 657-2636 View (617) 657-2636
Photo of Robert Haas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Robert Haas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in CBT (cognitive-behavior therapy), ACT (acceptance & commitment therapy), MINDFULNESS and psychodynamic therapies. I help you clarify your values and goals, and then encourage you to live life based on those values and goals. I teach you how to best connect with self and others, and believe such connection increases your capacity and possibility for living a life of ease, contentment and passion. Connection leads to better health and well-being. Once you feel safe in connection the possibilities are endless.
I specialize in CBT (cognitive-behavior therapy), ACT (acceptance & commitment therapy), MINDFULNESS and psychodynamic therapies. I help you clarify your values and goals, and then encourage you to live life based on those values and goals. I teach you how to best connect with self and others, and believe such connection increases your capacity and possibility for living a life of ease, contentment and passion. Connection leads to better health and well-being. Once you feel safe in connection the possibilities are endless.
(617) 262-6269 View (617) 262-6269
Photo of Livia Ataide, Counselor in Boston, MA
Livia Ataide
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Livia Ataide is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Massachusetts, offering Cognitive Behavioral and Solution Focused therapies. Are you feeling anxious, depressed or stuck? I work with adults who want to learn how to better cope with their anxiety, depression, general life or relationship stress. My therapeutic approach focuses on your strengths, needs, and goals, and is grounded in evidence based treatment approaches. Through working together, you can expect to feel heard and supported while we strategize solutions and develop enhanced coping skills to deal with life's stressors.
Livia Ataide is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Massachusetts, offering Cognitive Behavioral and Solution Focused therapies. Are you feeling anxious, depressed or stuck? I work with adults who want to learn how to better cope with their anxiety, depression, general life or relationship stress. My therapeutic approach focuses on your strengths, needs, and goals, and is grounded in evidence based treatment approaches. Through working together, you can expect to feel heard and supported while we strategize solutions and develop enhanced coping skills to deal with life's stressors.
(617) 271-2588 View (617) 271-2588
Photo of Rachel Feddor, Counselor in Boston, MA
Rachel Feddor
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02135  (Online Only)
Welcome! I specialize in treatment of anxiety, depression, grief/loss, trauma, major life transitions, and navigating family conflict. Clients can expect a welcoming and non-judgmental space. We will work together on developing new coping skills, explore ideas for setting and keeping healthy boundaries, and expand on self-care.
Welcome! I specialize in treatment of anxiety, depression, grief/loss, trauma, major life transitions, and navigating family conflict. Clients can expect a welcoming and non-judgmental space. We will work together on developing new coping skills, explore ideas for setting and keeping healthy boundaries, and expand on self-care.
(617) 539-7715 View (617) 539-7715
Photo of Kassandra Hodges, Marriage & Family Therapist in Boston, MA
Kassandra Hodges
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02110
Kassandra Hodges, LMFT, is a dedicated therapist and graduate of Salem State University. Fluent in both English and Spanish, she is committed to providing comprehensive mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. With a wealth of experience working with clients of all ages, Kassandra specializes in addressing a wide range of concerns, including anxiety, cultural or racial issues, women’s issues, PTSD, relationship difficulties, personality disorders, and addictions.
Kassandra Hodges, LMFT, is a dedicated therapist and graduate of Salem State University. Fluent in both English and Spanish, she is committed to providing comprehensive mental health services to individuals, couples, and families. With a wealth of experience working with clients of all ages, Kassandra specializes in addressing a wide range of concerns, including anxiety, cultural or racial issues, women’s issues, PTSD, relationship difficulties, personality disorders, and addictions.
(617) 765-2584 View (617) 765-2584
Photo of Amy West, Pre-Licensed Professional in Boston, MA
Amy West
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199
Amy is a therapist focusing on the needs of children, parents, and their families. She specializes in trauma: particularly trauma related to attachment, foster care, adoption, and medical conditions. Amy engages in a variety of therapeutic modalities as she supports her clients, including: CBT, DBT, SFBT, TF-CBT, etc. That alphabet soup can really be read as an indication of Amy's commitment to blending a variety of approaches to suit each unique client's situation. Amy is passionate about co-regulation and relational neuroscience, using these tools to support clients as they seek joyful connection and feel-safety in their lives.
Amy is a therapist focusing on the needs of children, parents, and their families. She specializes in trauma: particularly trauma related to attachment, foster care, adoption, and medical conditions. Amy engages in a variety of therapeutic modalities as she supports her clients, including: CBT, DBT, SFBT, TF-CBT, etc. That alphabet soup can really be read as an indication of Amy's commitment to blending a variety of approaches to suit each unique client's situation. Amy is passionate about co-regulation and relational neuroscience, using these tools to support clients as they seek joyful connection and feel-safety in their lives.
(508) 406-9077 View (508) 406-9077

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$156

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Aetna

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.