Therapists in Needham, MA

Photo of Risa Weinrit, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Risa Weinrit
Psychologist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492
I am a psychologist and psychoanalyst, and I have been in practice in the Boston area for over 30 years. Whether in individual or couple's therapy, I strive to create a relationship that provides an atmosphere of safety and trust to help people to understand and work through the issues that challenge them in their relationships and day to day lives. I listen actively and carefully, hoping to engage people in a process that allows for mutual exploration of areas of strength and difficulty
I am a psychologist and psychoanalyst, and I have been in practice in the Boston area for over 30 years. Whether in individual or couple's therapy, I strive to create a relationship that provides an atmosphere of safety and trust to help people to understand and work through the issues that challenge them in their relationships and day to day lives. I listen actively and carefully, hoping to engage people in a process that allows for mutual exploration of areas of strength and difficulty
(617) 440-7587 View (617) 440-7587
Photo of Raven Anne Register, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Raven Anne Register
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492
Not accepting new clients
Finding the right therapist with whom to create a strong therapeutic alliance is paramount to success. I work with my clients in a framework of compassion, honesty, trust and safety. Together we will identify your goals, empower you to change what you can in your life and to learn acceptance, not passive resignation, for that which you can not change. Carl Jung put it best, “I am not what happened to me, I am what I choose to become”.
Finding the right therapist with whom to create a strong therapeutic alliance is paramount to success. I work with my clients in a framework of compassion, honesty, trust and safety. Together we will identify your goals, empower you to change what you can in your life and to learn acceptance, not passive resignation, for that which you can not change. Carl Jung put it best, “I am not what happened to me, I am what I choose to become”.
(781) 343-7374 View (781) 343-7374
Photo of Noreen Kavanaugh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Noreen Kavanaugh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492
I am a partner at Needham Psychotherapy Associates where I work primarily with couples. I work with couples who are stuck and feel that their relationship is slipping away. Loneliness is the most common - and most heartbreaking - complaint that I hear, and I frequently hear it from both partners even when there is a lot of anger. I work on repairing connection - not on who is right or wrong. I am trained in EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy) which is a focused, validated, time limited treatment strategy which helps couples heal the wounds that have hurt their connection
I am a partner at Needham Psychotherapy Associates where I work primarily with couples. I work with couples who are stuck and feel that their relationship is slipping away. Loneliness is the most common - and most heartbreaking - complaint that I hear, and I frequently hear it from both partners even when there is a lot of anger. I work on repairing connection - not on who is right or wrong. I am trained in EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy) which is a focused, validated, time limited treatment strategy which helps couples heal the wounds that have hurt their connection
(781) 206-2097 View (781) 206-2097
Photo of Jessica Stahl, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Jessica Stahl
Psychologist, PhD, LP, HSP
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
My practice is currently focused primarily on adults (18+) who are navigating a career transition (returning to work after time out of the workforce, considering shifting to another line of work., etc.). I offer a 10-session telehealth group focused on helping participants figure out the answer to "what's next?". In addition, I take a limited number of adult clients for individual telehealth psychotherapy and/or career counseling. I have particular interest & experience in providing psychotherapy to therapists/therapists-in-training and LGBTQIA+ individuals.
My practice is currently focused primarily on adults (18+) who are navigating a career transition (returning to work after time out of the workforce, considering shifting to another line of work., etc.). I offer a 10-session telehealth group focused on helping participants figure out the answer to "what's next?". In addition, I take a limited number of adult clients for individual telehealth psychotherapy and/or career counseling. I have particular interest & experience in providing psychotherapy to therapists/therapists-in-training and LGBTQIA+ individuals.
(781) 517-9696 View (781) 517-9696
Photo of Debra N. Olshever, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Debra N. Olshever
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, LCSW
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494
I work with people who want to improve themselves, their relationships and their self image. These are people seeking a sounding board, a safe confidential place to talk, and extensive knowledge and experience dealing with their issues. My work focuses on where the client is now, and where they want to go, with no pre-conceived notions. We look at past experiences together and how they impact the present. For parents, I offer coaching and suggestions for managing challenging behaviors, and understanding the impact of early childhood trauma of behavior. With younger children, I encourage learning about expression of feelings.
I work with people who want to improve themselves, their relationships and their self image. These are people seeking a sounding board, a safe confidential place to talk, and extensive knowledge and experience dealing with their issues. My work focuses on where the client is now, and where they want to go, with no pre-conceived notions. We look at past experiences together and how they impact the present. For parents, I offer coaching and suggestions for managing challenging behaviors, and understanding the impact of early childhood trauma of behavior. With younger children, I encourage learning about expression of feelings.
(508) 348-7205 View (508) 348-7205
Photo of Barbara E Livingston, Counselor in Needham, MA
Barbara E Livingston
Counselor, DMin, LMHC, DipACLM
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492
If you find yourself asking deeper questions about what really matters to you, what gives your life meaning and purpose despite having done all you "should," psychotherapy can be extremely helpful and supportive as you how determine how to go forward, better. We'll talk about creating and living a life more aligned to what you imagine it could be. For clients who want to make change in how to eat well, sleep 7 hours, do regular physical activity, and effectively manage stress, my certification as a Lifestyle Medicine specialist enables me to knowledgeably help you in becoming your healthiest self.
If you find yourself asking deeper questions about what really matters to you, what gives your life meaning and purpose despite having done all you "should," psychotherapy can be extremely helpful and supportive as you how determine how to go forward, better. We'll talk about creating and living a life more aligned to what you imagine it could be. For clients who want to make change in how to eat well, sleep 7 hours, do regular physical activity, and effectively manage stress, my certification as a Lifestyle Medicine specialist enables me to knowledgeably help you in becoming your healthiest self.
(617) 683-1541 View (617) 683-1541
Photo of Lucy Noyes, Counselor in Needham, MA
Lucy Noyes
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492  (Online Only)
I believe that a collaborative partnership between client and therapist is the foundation for healing and growth. I work with adults of all ages and backgrounds who struggle with anxiety and depression, life transitions, grief, and the effects of stress on their lives. While much of my experience has focused on supporting women in various stages of their lives, I seek to provide an inclusive, nonjudgmental, safe space for all clients to explore their inner lives and external stressors. I bring focus to client strengths, practicing self-compassion, and cultivating joy.
I believe that a collaborative partnership between client and therapist is the foundation for healing and growth. I work with adults of all ages and backgrounds who struggle with anxiety and depression, life transitions, grief, and the effects of stress on their lives. While much of my experience has focused on supporting women in various stages of their lives, I seek to provide an inclusive, nonjudgmental, safe space for all clients to explore their inner lives and external stressors. I bring focus to client strengths, practicing self-compassion, and cultivating joy.
(351) 999-8097 View (351) 999-8097
Photo of Christer Larsson, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Christer Larsson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with boys and men in individual, as well as in family therapy, with a particular focus on depression, anxiety, and PTSD. I am deeply committed to human growth and development, and will in an engaging and interactive psychotherapy work with you to clearly define your goals with the expectation of reducing the depression, anxiety, or other difficulties that you want to be free from. This therapeutic approach can best be described as collaborative, cognitive-behavioral, experiential, strength-based, mindfulness-based, practice- based, and goal-oriented. Feel free to contact me.
I specialize in working with boys and men in individual, as well as in family therapy, with a particular focus on depression, anxiety, and PTSD. I am deeply committed to human growth and development, and will in an engaging and interactive psychotherapy work with you to clearly define your goals with the expectation of reducing the depression, anxiety, or other difficulties that you want to be free from. This therapeutic approach can best be described as collaborative, cognitive-behavioral, experiential, strength-based, mindfulness-based, practice- based, and goal-oriented. Feel free to contact me.
(857) 230-0421 View (857) 230-0421
Photo of Natalie Waggaman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Natalie Waggaman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
A good relationship is essential to helping the client connect with, remain in, and get the most from therapy. My approach to therapy is collaborative, goal-oriented, and relationship driven. I have been described as warm, easy to talk to, funny, and compassionate. I offer services to adolescents and adults experiencing emotion distress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, "gray area" alcohol use/marijuana use, and transitional issues.
A good relationship is essential to helping the client connect with, remain in, and get the most from therapy. My approach to therapy is collaborative, goal-oriented, and relationship driven. I have been described as warm, easy to talk to, funny, and compassionate. I offer services to adolescents and adults experiencing emotion distress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, "gray area" alcohol use/marijuana use, and transitional issues.
(617) 712-2329 View (617) 712-2329
Photo of Abigail Blackburn Psy.d., Psychologist in Needham, MA
Abigail Blackburn Psy.d.
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
My practice is made up of thoughtful, resilient, hardworking people who come to therapy with presenting problems of anxiety and low self-esteem. It is common for these clients to be "everybody's therapist," giving great advice and support to others that they don't take themselves. Often, these folks find themselves in relationships where they feel nervous or insecure, unable to assert their needs and feelings for fear of alienating people they love. As a result, their attachments are often anxious, unstable and confusing.
My practice is made up of thoughtful, resilient, hardworking people who come to therapy with presenting problems of anxiety and low self-esteem. It is common for these clients to be "everybody's therapist," giving great advice and support to others that they don't take themselves. Often, these folks find themselves in relationships where they feel nervous or insecure, unable to assert their needs and feelings for fear of alienating people they love. As a result, their attachments are often anxious, unstable and confusing.
(781) 253-8498 View (781) 253-8498
Photo of Noah Kaufman, Counselor in Needham, MA
Noah Kaufman
Counselor, MA, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492
As your therapist I want to build a safe and connected relationship where we can work as a team to determine how to handle challenging thoughts, feelings, or situations more effectively. What changes to you want to make in your life and what's getting in the way? We will identify key values and behavior to grow into. My goal is to foster a sense of compassion, curiosity, kindness, and openness to the therapeutic process and teach the skills to transfer these qualities of being to your life wherever you go. We will learn skills and techniques to accept the challenges of being human while still living in line with your ideal values.
As your therapist I want to build a safe and connected relationship where we can work as a team to determine how to handle challenging thoughts, feelings, or situations more effectively. What changes to you want to make in your life and what's getting in the way? We will identify key values and behavior to grow into. My goal is to foster a sense of compassion, curiosity, kindness, and openness to the therapeutic process and teach the skills to transfer these qualities of being to your life wherever you go. We will learn skills and techniques to accept the challenges of being human while still living in line with your ideal values.
(339) 210-1460 View (339) 210-1460
Photo of Carrie Wechsler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Carrie Wechsler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
Welcome! If you are experiencing concerns around anxiety, depressed mood, a serious/chronic illness, poor sleep, grief or other life stressors then you may find my therapeutic approach beneficial. People who come to therapy with me should expect a supportive, respectful and collaborative space in our sessions. Focusing on the issues that are most important to you, we would work to explore effective coping strategies, increase your motivation and build your confidence to pursue a path that is in line with your goals and values.
Welcome! If you are experiencing concerns around anxiety, depressed mood, a serious/chronic illness, poor sleep, grief or other life stressors then you may find my therapeutic approach beneficial. People who come to therapy with me should expect a supportive, respectful and collaborative space in our sessions. Focusing on the issues that are most important to you, we would work to explore effective coping strategies, increase your motivation and build your confidence to pursue a path that is in line with your goals and values.
(781) 253-8656 View (781) 253-8656
Photo of Tal Katz, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Tal Katz
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494
I am a licensed psychologist with training and experience providing psychotherapy primarily to adult clients. My philosophy is that the change you are seeking is possible, and through education, collaboration, and thoughtful treatment goals everyone is capable of finding that change. When meeting with me, you can expect to experience a supportive and collaborative relationship that emphasizes respect for your autonomy, acceptance, and compassion as we develop goals for change.
I am a licensed psychologist with training and experience providing psychotherapy primarily to adult clients. My philosophy is that the change you are seeking is possible, and through education, collaboration, and thoughtful treatment goals everyone is capable of finding that change. When meeting with me, you can expect to experience a supportive and collaborative relationship that emphasizes respect for your autonomy, acceptance, and compassion as we develop goals for change.
(781) 476-7580 View (781) 476-7580
Photo of Julia Berkman, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Julia Berkman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02494
I am a thoughtful, warm professional with a good sense of humor. My primary training is in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which I integrate with other treatment modalities. I work well with both children and adults, tailoring my approach to meet the individual needs of my clients. My aim is to provide a supportive atmosphere where clients can work towards their goals, while learning practical strategies and skills that offer relief.
I am a thoughtful, warm professional with a good sense of humor. My primary training is in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which I integrate with other treatment modalities. I work well with both children and adults, tailoring my approach to meet the individual needs of my clients. My aim is to provide a supportive atmosphere where clients can work towards their goals, while learning practical strategies and skills that offer relief.
(781) 995-3545 View (781) 995-3545
Photo of Karina Stavitsky Gilbert, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Karina Stavitsky Gilbert
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02492
"We can't change the past, so we change how people are thinking, feeling and behaving today." - Albert Ellis This is the basis for how I practice therapy. Although the past matters, the way we perceive our current experiences influences how we act and feel today. In my practice I work with clients on understanding the connections between their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and bringing awareness to help improve their everyday experience. This work can apply to treating a variety of difficulties including insomnia, anxiety, and depression as well as developing coping strategies for more general life complexities.
"We can't change the past, so we change how people are thinking, feeling and behaving today." - Albert Ellis This is the basis for how I practice therapy. Although the past matters, the way we perceive our current experiences influences how we act and feel today. In my practice I work with clients on understanding the connections between their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and bringing awareness to help improve their everyday experience. This work can apply to treating a variety of difficulties including insomnia, anxiety, and depression as well as developing coping strategies for more general life complexities.
(617) 500-1854 View (617) 500-1854
Photo of Jennifer Pugh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
Jennifer Pugh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
New Openings for Individuals & Couples (out-of-network) - Do you feel stuck in behaviors or routines that no longer serve you? Is your mindset preventing you from leading the life you wish to lead? Do you catch yourself comparing your life to those around you? I have the expertise to help you navigate life transitions, build your self-esteem, cope with depression and anxiety, and resolve any recurring patterns of conflict with your significant other. Learn more at jppsych.com or participate in a telephone consultation today and begin a treatment that will help you build the skills and insights you need to achieve your goals.
New Openings for Individuals & Couples (out-of-network) - Do you feel stuck in behaviors or routines that no longer serve you? Is your mindset preventing you from leading the life you wish to lead? Do you catch yourself comparing your life to those around you? I have the expertise to help you navigate life transitions, build your self-esteem, cope with depression and anxiety, and resolve any recurring patterns of conflict with your significant other. Learn more at jppsych.com or participate in a telephone consultation today and begin a treatment that will help you build the skills and insights you need to achieve your goals.
(781) 676-3199 View (781) 676-3199
Photo of Edye Caine Psy D Candidate in Needham, MA
Edye Caine Psy D Candidate
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492  (Online Only)
Perhaps you have been doing your best to work through personal problems or issues and are still feeling blocked. Traditional counseling may be able to help you recognize your patterns, not necessarily resolve them. Sometimes it is helpful to work with someone who can provide insight, helping to move energy so that you can make a positive shift in your life. I can help you on your journey simply because I've been there. I would be grateful to have the opportunity to help you to understand how you too can learn to embrace your own journey moving forward with confidence and purpose.
Perhaps you have been doing your best to work through personal problems or issues and are still feeling blocked. Traditional counseling may be able to help you recognize your patterns, not necessarily resolve them. Sometimes it is helpful to work with someone who can provide insight, helping to move energy so that you can make a positive shift in your life. I can help you on your journey simply because I've been there. I would be grateful to have the opportunity to help you to understand how you too can learn to embrace your own journey moving forward with confidence and purpose.
(914) 350-4429 View (914) 350-4429
Photo of June Atkind, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Needham, MA
June Atkind
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Needham, MA 02492
Learn strategies for living with less stress, and a greater sense of well-being. Excessive worry, managing work/life balance, dealing with difficult relationships, getting "unstuck" from unhealthy habits, and other challenges can be managed using effective and easy to learn principles and practices. I offer the MINDFUL LIVING WORKSHOP to bring the benefits of Mindfulness Meditation to the rest of the day.
Learn strategies for living with less stress, and a greater sense of well-being. Excessive worry, managing work/life balance, dealing with difficult relationships, getting "unstuck" from unhealthy habits, and other challenges can be managed using effective and easy to learn principles and practices. I offer the MINDFUL LIVING WORKSHOP to bring the benefits of Mindfulness Meditation to the rest of the day.
(781) 332-5494 View (781) 332-5494
Photo of Eric Zhou, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Eric Zhou
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
Are you struggling from sleepless nights and feel like you have "tried everything"? If you are tired of feeling tired and want to improve your sleep, I can help. Imagine what it would feel like to wake up in the morning and feel rested, refreshed, and ready to take on your day. This is possible without the use of prescription or over-the-counter medications. Even if you have trouble shutting your mind off at night, or are coping with anxiety or depression, we can work together to significantly improve your sleep at night. With better sleep comes the strength to tackle your biggest challenges.
Are you struggling from sleepless nights and feel like you have "tried everything"? If you are tired of feeling tired and want to improve your sleep, I can help. Imagine what it would feel like to wake up in the morning and feel rested, refreshed, and ready to take on your day. This is possible without the use of prescription or over-the-counter medications. Even if you have trouble shutting your mind off at night, or are coping with anxiety or depression, we can work together to significantly improve your sleep at night. With better sleep comes the strength to tackle your biggest challenges.
(617) 651-0851 View (617) 651-0851
Photo of Heather MacPherson, Psychologist in Needham, MA
Heather MacPherson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Needham, MA 02494  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of mood, depression, anxiety, stress, and adjustment issues in children, adolescents, and young adults. I am trained in a variety of evidence-based approaches, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). In my practice, I deliver these interventions within the context of a supportive, validating, and collaborative therapeutic relationship, individualized to each client’s needs, preferences, and treatment goals.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of mood, depression, anxiety, stress, and adjustment issues in children, adolescents, and young adults. I am trained in a variety of evidence-based approaches, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). In my practice, I deliver these interventions within the context of a supportive, validating, and collaborative therapeutic relationship, individualized to each client’s needs, preferences, and treatment goals.
(508) 290-8845 View (508) 290-8845

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Needham, MA

200+

Average cost per session

$195

Therapists in Needham, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
82% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress
55% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% BlueCross and BlueShield
42% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
42% Optum

How Therapists in Needham, MA see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Needham?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.