Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Loren Sobel in Pittsburgh, PA
Loren Sobel
MD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15224
As a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, I am uniquely suited to provide holistic care. A psychoanalytic therapy approach offers a highly effective form of treatment through a comprehensive and nuanced framework for working with and addressing trauma, anxiety, depression, identity struggles, low self-esteem, a lostness around a sense of self, struggles in your connections to other people, and feelings of meaninglessness. If advisable, I can also provide careful expert medication management. Together, we will embark on a collaborative exploration, delving into your unique background and personal influences as we work towards healing.
As a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, I am uniquely suited to provide holistic care. A psychoanalytic therapy approach offers a highly effective form of treatment through a comprehensive and nuanced framework for working with and addressing trauma, anxiety, depression, identity struggles, low self-esteem, a lostness around a sense of self, struggles in your connections to other people, and feelings of meaninglessness. If advisable, I can also provide careful expert medication management. Together, we will embark on a collaborative exploration, delving into your unique background and personal influences as we work towards healing.
(412) 618-0441 View (412) 618-0441
Photo of Jennifer Matesa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jennifer Matesa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MFA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I'm committed to fostering nonjudgmental connections with individuals as they seek to move toward healthy, creative change. I’ve dedicated my professional life to helping people with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties. I love helping folks explore intergenerational questions and problems. I have a deep interest in helping people learn to live with more ease inside their bodies—to learn more about their own sexuality, to cultivate awareness of cultural forces that would separate us from our bodies, and to develop practices that can reunite our bodies with our minds, emotions and spirits.
I'm committed to fostering nonjudgmental connections with individuals as they seek to move toward healthy, creative change. I’ve dedicated my professional life to helping people with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties. I love helping folks explore intergenerational questions and problems. I have a deep interest in helping people learn to live with more ease inside their bodies—to learn more about their own sexuality, to cultivate awareness of cultural forces that would separate us from our bodies, and to develop practices that can reunite our bodies with our minds, emotions and spirits.
(412) 455-3954 View (412) 455-3954
Photo of Jessica Trent, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jessica Trent
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15221  (Online Only)
I’d like to help you understand how past and present experiences/relationships influence who you are, where you come from, where you’re headed and how you view the world around you. I am a strong advocate for anti-racism and equity and I believe strongly in the empowerment of BIPOC. I want to help you better understand the ways anxiety, depression, trauma, oppression, and marginalization affect your relationships with self, children, spouses, and loved ones. In the midst of so much situation and circumstance, I’d like to help you learn how to nurture, identify, and embrace elements of happiness and joy!
I’d like to help you understand how past and present experiences/relationships influence who you are, where you come from, where you’re headed and how you view the world around you. I am a strong advocate for anti-racism and equity and I believe strongly in the empowerment of BIPOC. I want to help you better understand the ways anxiety, depression, trauma, oppression, and marginalization affect your relationships with self, children, spouses, and loved ones. In the midst of so much situation and circumstance, I’d like to help you learn how to nurture, identify, and embrace elements of happiness and joy!
(412) 912-4464 View (412) 912-4464
Photo of Lauren L Hartz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Lauren L Hartz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15243
In my practice, Rooted & Rising Therapy we come from the belief that we begin at the roots and increase self awareness and get to know ourselves, and then we rise. I can support you in working through an identified challenge, or we can dig a little deeper and work towards creating a life that is based on your values.
In my practice, Rooted & Rising Therapy we come from the belief that we begin at the roots and increase self awareness and get to know ourselves, and then we rise. I can support you in working through an identified challenge, or we can dig a little deeper and work towards creating a life that is based on your values.
(412) 961-8768 View (412) 961-8768
Photo of Ronald Thomas Curran in Pittsburgh, PA
Ronald Thomas Curran
PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15241
Pain, uncertainty, feelings of being lost and a failure emerge as we seek to find our individual path in life. These feelings often indicate it is time to be found, not that you are "mentally ill." They can indicate the need to connect with your inner Self rather than to substitute unfulfilling forms of social adjustment. My approach focuses on you as a unique individual. It recognizes that you have a Self in the sense that there is a unique inner guidance available to you. I will work as a guide in your journey toward conflict resolution and wholeness.
Pain, uncertainty, feelings of being lost and a failure emerge as we seek to find our individual path in life. These feelings often indicate it is time to be found, not that you are "mentally ill." They can indicate the need to connect with your inner Self rather than to substitute unfulfilling forms of social adjustment. My approach focuses on you as a unique individual. It recognizes that you have a Self in the sense that there is a unique inner guidance available to you. I will work as a guide in your journey toward conflict resolution and wholeness.
(412) 212-3801 View (412) 212-3801
Photo of Dr. David Menges, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Dr. David Menges
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
As a licensed clinical psychologist, I provide psychotherapy to adults and couples facing a wide range of issues. My approach to individual therapy integrates mindfulness- and acceptance-based techniques to guide people toward a healthier relationship with emotional distress and problematic behavior. Cultivation of psychological insight and awareness is used as a springboard for growth, empowerment, and the pursuit of balance and value-driven action.
As a licensed clinical psychologist, I provide psychotherapy to adults and couples facing a wide range of issues. My approach to individual therapy integrates mindfulness- and acceptance-based techniques to guide people toward a healthier relationship with emotional distress and problematic behavior. Cultivation of psychological insight and awareness is used as a springboard for growth, empowerment, and the pursuit of balance and value-driven action.
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Photo of Carrie Buckner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Carrie Buckner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15218
I have primarily worked with clients regarding life transitions/adjustment disorders, depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, self-harm, LGBTQ exploration, interpersonal conflicts, family dynamics, spiritual/faith/religious concerns or abuse, and boundary setting. I enjoy clients who are seeking to better understand themselves and growing their confidence in who they are. Only after we have insight and awareness can we try to make meaningful changes. I enjoy explorative, open-minded depth work that is holistic and fulfilling for the client. I am trauma-informed and use an eclectic approach with a psychodynamic foundation.
I have primarily worked with clients regarding life transitions/adjustment disorders, depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, self-harm, LGBTQ exploration, interpersonal conflicts, family dynamics, spiritual/faith/religious concerns or abuse, and boundary setting. I enjoy clients who are seeking to better understand themselves and growing their confidence in who they are. Only after we have insight and awareness can we try to make meaningful changes. I enjoy explorative, open-minded depth work that is holistic and fulfilling for the client. I am trauma-informed and use an eclectic approach with a psychodynamic foundation.
(412) 981-2331 View (412) 981-2331
Photo of Allison Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Allison Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Do you feel alone, down, overwhelmed, or stressed out? Maybe your life has taken a sudden turn in a direction you were not expecting. Or maybe you feel your relationship is not what it used to be, or possibly, you're wondering if you're stuck in an abusive dynamic. In a world filled with challenges, uncertainties, and moments of self-doubt, finding the right professional counselor to accompany you on your journey of self-discovery is crucial.
Do you feel alone, down, overwhelmed, or stressed out? Maybe your life has taken a sudden turn in a direction you were not expecting. Or maybe you feel your relationship is not what it used to be, or possibly, you're wondering if you're stuck in an abusive dynamic. In a world filled with challenges, uncertainties, and moments of self-doubt, finding the right professional counselor to accompany you on your journey of self-discovery is crucial.
(724) 399-3710 View (724) 399-3710
Photo of Nikki Kazarick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Nikki Kazarick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15226
Throughout my personal and professional journey, I have realized there are more ways to support individuals in our current climate. I am looking to integrate a more balanced, somatic approach to guide people in coping and healing from their experiences. I use a lens to see a person that is not only a "diagnosis" or presentation of symptoms, but someone who is wanting to cope from surviving their hardships.
Throughout my personal and professional journey, I have realized there are more ways to support individuals in our current climate. I am looking to integrate a more balanced, somatic approach to guide people in coping and healing from their experiences. I use a lens to see a person that is not only a "diagnosis" or presentation of symptoms, but someone who is wanting to cope from surviving their hardships.
(412) 991-2521 View (412) 991-2521
Photo of Rachel Kramer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Rachel Kramer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I focus to help you reduce anxiety, increase coping, improve communication, and help you align your values with your life. I work to help people become more in tune with themselves and their body to gain awareness you need to live the life you want to live. One of my strongest beliefs about a client/therapist relationship is a therapeutic alliance. I will work with you to develop a relationship of trust so we can work together to help you achieve your passions in life. I tend to work in the moment with you to explore maladaptive patterns and help you transform old patterns into ways of being that will overall work better for you.
I focus to help you reduce anxiety, increase coping, improve communication, and help you align your values with your life. I work to help people become more in tune with themselves and their body to gain awareness you need to live the life you want to live. One of my strongest beliefs about a client/therapist relationship is a therapeutic alliance. I will work with you to develop a relationship of trust so we can work together to help you achieve your passions in life. I tend to work in the moment with you to explore maladaptive patterns and help you transform old patterns into ways of being that will overall work better for you.
(878) 645-3782 View (878) 645-3782
Photo of Jamie Harkins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Jamie Harkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CYT-200
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15205
Waitlist for new clients
I believe in providing an environment of understanding, encouragement, and hope to allow you work through overwhelming, stressful, and confusing life situations. My therapeutic framework is client-centered and strengths-based, meaning that I recognize you as the expert on your own lived experiences. My goal is to collaborate with you, concentrating on your inherent strengths, to help you work through difficult and uncomfortable emotions, change thought patterns, and support your personal growth.
I believe in providing an environment of understanding, encouragement, and hope to allow you work through overwhelming, stressful, and confusing life situations. My therapeutic framework is client-centered and strengths-based, meaning that I recognize you as the expert on your own lived experiences. My goal is to collaborate with you, concentrating on your inherent strengths, to help you work through difficult and uncomfortable emotions, change thought patterns, and support your personal growth.
(412) 960-1266 View (412) 960-1266
Photo of Elizabeth Gilmore, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Elizabeth Gilmore
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Are you feeling weighed down by the persistent grip of depression, the daily struggles of trauma, or the overwhelming burden of anxiety? You are not alone in your journey, and your unique needs deserve specialized support. Your goal is clear: to find an experienced therapist who truly comprehends your challenges and can provide the guidance you need to regain emotional well-being. Let's work together to uncover practical solutions and pave the way for a happier, more fulfilling life.
Are you feeling weighed down by the persistent grip of depression, the daily struggles of trauma, or the overwhelming burden of anxiety? You are not alone in your journey, and your unique needs deserve specialized support. Your goal is clear: to find an experienced therapist who truly comprehends your challenges and can provide the guidance you need to regain emotional well-being. Let's work together to uncover practical solutions and pave the way for a happier, more fulfilling life.
(412) 981-2066 View (412) 981-2066
Photo of Paula Kauffman Oberly, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Paula Kauffman Oberly
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, BCC, ACS
Verified Verified
21 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
My goal is to help you gain the insights & tools to feel successful and satisfied. I have an eclectic strengths-based approach integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adlerian Theory, creative expression and bibliotherapy. I provide a variety of services, including: Individual, Family, and Group Therapy for all ages. Including Grief and Parent Counseling.
My goal is to help you gain the insights & tools to feel successful and satisfied. I have an eclectic strengths-based approach integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adlerian Theory, creative expression and bibliotherapy. I provide a variety of services, including: Individual, Family, and Group Therapy for all ages. Including Grief and Parent Counseling.
(412) 387-7595 View (412) 387-7595
Photo of Colleen O'Shea, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Colleen O'Shea
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, CFAS, CAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
Beyond the fear is freedom. Do you struggle with drug or alcohol abuse and/or depression or anxiety? Do you want someone who can help guide you along the path to recovery? For over 22 years, I have helped individuals find healing and understanding when they have become overwhelmed with life problems. Do you drink or use drugs to numb or escape emotional pain? Do you struggle with feeling sad, anxious, alone, or like no one understands you? You don't have to face your issues alone. I can understand what you are dealing with.
Beyond the fear is freedom. Do you struggle with drug or alcohol abuse and/or depression or anxiety? Do you want someone who can help guide you along the path to recovery? For over 22 years, I have helped individuals find healing and understanding when they have become overwhelmed with life problems. Do you drink or use drugs to numb or escape emotional pain? Do you struggle with feeling sad, anxious, alone, or like no one understands you? You don't have to face your issues alone. I can understand what you are dealing with.
(878) 216-0379 View (878) 216-0379
Photo of Rosa Ellenberger, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Rosa Ellenberger
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
Accepting new clients! You feel like you have had your power and your voice taken away for your entire life. You are exhausted from not being seen as a human first. You are about to explode from so many years of hiding who you are, who you love, and what is pissing you off. You are ready to step into your power, but you have no idea how to start. Or maybe you do, but you need someone supporting you as you navigate all of the complex, heavy sh!t that is about to unfold. I want you to know that I see beyond your struggles and past choices. I want to empower you to embrace your entire self (yes, your ENTIRE self). You can do that here.
Accepting new clients! You feel like you have had your power and your voice taken away for your entire life. You are exhausted from not being seen as a human first. You are about to explode from so many years of hiding who you are, who you love, and what is pissing you off. You are ready to step into your power, but you have no idea how to start. Or maybe you do, but you need someone supporting you as you navigate all of the complex, heavy sh!t that is about to unfold. I want you to know that I see beyond your struggles and past choices. I want to empower you to embrace your entire self (yes, your ENTIRE self). You can do that here.
(412) 314-3740 View (412) 314-3740
Photo of Jenny Spitzer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jenny Spitzer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
What is keeping you from having the life you want? Let’s figure this out together and get you feeling better quickly.
What is keeping you from having the life you want? Let’s figure this out together and get you feeling better quickly.
(570) 676-1662 View (570) 676-1662
Photo of Michael Christiansen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Michael Christiansen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
I work with a variety of clients, ranging in age from 2 years old through late 20s and early 30s. My hope is that I can help individuals and families learn more effective ways to respond to challenges in their lives that may come from things such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, depression, anxiety, and adjusting to large changes. PCIT (Parent-Child Interaction Therapy), in particular, is an approach that I specialize in. PCIT is focused on helping caregivers learn effective ways to address problematic behavior from their children who are between the ages of 2 and 7.
I work with a variety of clients, ranging in age from 2 years old through late 20s and early 30s. My hope is that I can help individuals and families learn more effective ways to respond to challenges in their lives that may come from things such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, depression, anxiety, and adjusting to large changes. PCIT (Parent-Child Interaction Therapy), in particular, is an approach that I specialize in. PCIT is focused on helping caregivers learn effective ways to address problematic behavior from their children who are between the ages of 2 and 7.
(412) 891-6875 View (412) 891-6875
Photo of Tiffany Huntley, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Tiffany Huntley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15227  (Online Only)
Hi my name is Tiffany Huntley, I am Deaf/ ASL user. I am a Pre License Counselor with National Deaf Therapy, serving clients in PA, NY, TX, MD, ME, FLA and GA. I have over 20 years of experience in the Deaf mental/behavioral health setting, residential, school, community and in the home.
Hi my name is Tiffany Huntley, I am Deaf/ ASL user. I am a Pre License Counselor with National Deaf Therapy, serving clients in PA, NY, TX, MD, ME, FLA and GA. I have over 20 years of experience in the Deaf mental/behavioral health setting, residential, school, community and in the home.
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Photo of Stephanie M. Vargo in Pittsburgh, PA
Stephanie M. Vargo
MA, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15218
I offer experience, compassion and respect to all clients. I have over 35 years experience as a psychotherapist specializing in existentialism, philosophy, Ericksonian hypnosis, the treatment of addiction, trauma and loss. I am a Reiki Master and am trained in other mind/body/energy treatment modalities. I have taught existential/phenomenological philosophy and treatment classes. I specialize in mind/body work and can teach you to manage stress, increase awareness, gain confidence and overcome obstacles in your life. I have a gentle and powerful demeanor that increases energy and motivation. I offer a non-traditional approach.
I offer experience, compassion and respect to all clients. I have over 35 years experience as a psychotherapist specializing in existentialism, philosophy, Ericksonian hypnosis, the treatment of addiction, trauma and loss. I am a Reiki Master and am trained in other mind/body/energy treatment modalities. I have taught existential/phenomenological philosophy and treatment classes. I specialize in mind/body work and can teach you to manage stress, increase awareness, gain confidence and overcome obstacles in your life. I have a gentle and powerful demeanor that increases energy and motivation. I offer a non-traditional approach.
(412) 253-4569 View (412) 253-4569
Photo of Hailey Ihrig, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Hailey Ihrig
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15201
It is my passion to help others see the strength and beauty within themselves. As a therapist, I strive to be accepting and affirming. I work collaboratively with others to find balance, emotional acceptance, and empowerment in their lives. I have experience working with a variety of difficulties, such as anxiety, depression, addiction, low self-worth, trauma, family dynamics, and more. I graduated with my Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, and I strive to be a lifelong learner. I would be grateful for the opportunity to learn from you too!
It is my passion to help others see the strength and beauty within themselves. As a therapist, I strive to be accepting and affirming. I work collaboratively with others to find balance, emotional acceptance, and empowerment in their lives. I have experience working with a variety of difficulties, such as anxiety, depression, addiction, low self-worth, trauma, family dynamics, and more. I graduated with my Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, and I strive to be a lifelong learner. I would be grateful for the opportunity to learn from you too!
(412) 754-4476 View (412) 754-4476

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.