Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Kathleen Oravec, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kathleen Oravec
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Are you and your partner having trouble communicating without dissolving into conflict that seems to never get resolved? Are you tired of feeling anxious and walking on egeshells? Do you have difficulty expressing yourself and getting your needs met? Do you often end up in the same relationship rut without being able to find a way out of an unsatisfying cycle of blame and regret?
Are you and your partner having trouble communicating without dissolving into conflict that seems to never get resolved? Are you tired of feeling anxious and walking on egeshells? Do you have difficulty expressing yourself and getting your needs met? Do you often end up in the same relationship rut without being able to find a way out of an unsatisfying cycle of blame and regret?
(916) 546-1493 View (916) 546-1493
Photo of Christine Brady, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Christine Brady
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95822
Waitlist for new clients
Stressors, challenging relationships, and difficult emotions can create discontent undermining your sense of purpose in life. My desire is to walk along- side you to discover who you are meant to be regardless of your experience, helping you to lead the life you envision for yourself. While no one can change the difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve the challenges in your life.
Stressors, challenging relationships, and difficult emotions can create discontent undermining your sense of purpose in life. My desire is to walk along- side you to discover who you are meant to be regardless of your experience, helping you to lead the life you envision for yourself. While no one can change the difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve the challenges in your life.
(916) 633-7931 View (916) 633-7931
Photo of Natalie Trzeciak-Hardwick, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Natalie Trzeciak-Hardwick
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
UPDATE: I am currently no longer accepting new clients. My practice focuses on individual work for children, adolescents and adults, in addition to a variety of groups for children and adults.
UPDATE: I am currently no longer accepting new clients. My practice focuses on individual work for children, adolescents and adults, in addition to a variety of groups for children and adults.
(916) 269-5691 View (916) 269-5691
Photo of Mariah Hudler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Mariah Hudler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95822
You aren’t quite where you thought you would be in life. Whether comparing yourself to others, experiencing a change in financial, mental or physical health, or pain and suffering in general, you are hesitant to make a change. Overall, you are feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or burnt out. Daily, it is hard to overcome the intrusive or negative thoughts and feelings. If experiencing a life transition, you feel alone or vulnerable to what are the right next steps. If in a relationship, maybe you find it challenging to talk about and it is starting to impact your relationship. You are exhausted, vulnerable, and ready for a change.
You aren’t quite where you thought you would be in life. Whether comparing yourself to others, experiencing a change in financial, mental or physical health, or pain and suffering in general, you are hesitant to make a change. Overall, you are feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or burnt out. Daily, it is hard to overcome the intrusive or negative thoughts and feelings. If experiencing a life transition, you feel alone or vulnerable to what are the right next steps. If in a relationship, maybe you find it challenging to talk about and it is starting to impact your relationship. You are exhausted, vulnerable, and ready for a change.
(916) 252-5136 View (916) 252-5136
Photo of Natalie M. Delfin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Natalie M. Delfin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Need support with communication, sex, relationships, or anxiety? I love supporting LGBTQIA as well as CisHet adults who are ready to feel more confident in themselves and their relationships - you deserve joy, connection, and pleasure in your life! We will navigate what you are experiencing with compassion and skill so that you can create the life & relationships you crave. We will use evidence-based therapy skills AND fun & laughter to make therapy a helpful space. Visit lovehealgrow.com to schedule and learn more. I can't wait to get started!
Need support with communication, sex, relationships, or anxiety? I love supporting LGBTQIA as well as CisHet adults who are ready to feel more confident in themselves and their relationships - you deserve joy, connection, and pleasure in your life! We will navigate what you are experiencing with compassion and skill so that you can create the life & relationships you crave. We will use evidence-based therapy skills AND fun & laughter to make therapy a helpful space. Visit lovehealgrow.com to schedule and learn more. I can't wait to get started!
(530) 539-1509 View (530) 539-1509
Photo of Darren Smith, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Darren Smith
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826  (Online Only)
I genuinely care about my clients and our sessions are goal-directed and purposeful, so you don't spend more time or money in therapy than necessary. I received my doctorate in 2008 and have been a licensed psychologist since 2009. I've worked in a wide variety of settings with people from all walks of life, including college students, medical staff, law-enforcement, and many others. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, difficult relationships, or some other issue, together we can tackle it.
I genuinely care about my clients and our sessions are goal-directed and purposeful, so you don't spend more time or money in therapy than necessary. I received my doctorate in 2008 and have been a licensed psychologist since 2009. I've worked in a wide variety of settings with people from all walks of life, including college students, medical staff, law-enforcement, and many others. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, difficult relationships, or some other issue, together we can tackle it.
(916) 894-8529 View (916) 894-8529
Jacob Pospychalla
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
I am a firm believer in perpetual personal growth and that we are constantly evolving throughout our lives; every interaction and choice progresses us through the development of self. Through this foundation I am a strong advocate of helping you understand your needs, values, and hopes as a framework to your decisions and goals. You are who you are today because of what you have experienced, and you will be who you are tomorrow because of the choices you make today.
I am a firm believer in perpetual personal growth and that we are constantly evolving throughout our lives; every interaction and choice progresses us through the development of self. Through this foundation I am a strong advocate of helping you understand your needs, values, and hopes as a framework to your decisions and goals. You are who you are today because of what you have experienced, and you will be who you are tomorrow because of the choices you make today.
(530) 298-9907 View (530) 298-9907
Photo of Lauren Ash, Associate Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Lauren Ash
Associate Marriage & Family Therapist, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
You feel like you’ve lost a part of yourself, and nobody seems to get it. Maybe you went through a friend “breakup,” and your friends and family don’t understand why you can’t just get over it. Maybe your beloved pet passed away and you were given the advice to get a new pet to replace them, but that doesn’t feel right. Maybe you recently moved to a new place, and the grief you feel for leaving your old home is overwhelming. You’re sad, confused, frustrated, numb, sometimes angry or guilty for not being yourself. You’re exhausted to your core, but you still can’t sleep. You’re worried that you’re doomed to feel like this forever.
You feel like you’ve lost a part of yourself, and nobody seems to get it. Maybe you went through a friend “breakup,” and your friends and family don’t understand why you can’t just get over it. Maybe your beloved pet passed away and you were given the advice to get a new pet to replace them, but that doesn’t feel right. Maybe you recently moved to a new place, and the grief you feel for leaving your old home is overwhelming. You’re sad, confused, frustrated, numb, sometimes angry or guilty for not being yourself. You’re exhausted to your core, but you still can’t sleep. You’re worried that you’re doomed to feel like this forever.
(530) 628-9841 View (530) 628-9841
Photo of Barbara Field, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Barbara Field
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95822
My specialties are in the treatment of trauma and addiction. In addition to my formal education, I have extensive training and experience focused on state-of-the-art, proven practices. Using somatic therapies such as The Comprehensive Resource Model, Brainspotting, and EMDR, provides relief from chronic symptoms related to trauma and addiction and relationship issues that have not responded to previous treatment modalities.
My specialties are in the treatment of trauma and addiction. In addition to my formal education, I have extensive training and experience focused on state-of-the-art, proven practices. Using somatic therapies such as The Comprehensive Resource Model, Brainspotting, and EMDR, provides relief from chronic symptoms related to trauma and addiction and relationship issues that have not responded to previous treatment modalities.
(916) 623-4676 View (916) 623-4676
Photo of Charlene L Hong, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Charlene L Hong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
I believe that you have the innate capacity to heal, develop, and grow. Entering therapy takes courage and commitment so it will be my first priority is to create feelings of safety and trust. From this base we can work together to identify inner conflicts, clarify beliefs, and release limiting patterns to support you in living a more authentic and fulfilling life. I work with individuals, couples, adolescents, and families. I treat anxiety and depression, trauma grief and loss, life stage transitions, parenting issues, co-dependency, and gambling addictions. I am trained in EMDR to treat PTSD, trauma and anxiety.
I believe that you have the innate capacity to heal, develop, and grow. Entering therapy takes courage and commitment so it will be my first priority is to create feelings of safety and trust. From this base we can work together to identify inner conflicts, clarify beliefs, and release limiting patterns to support you in living a more authentic and fulfilling life. I work with individuals, couples, adolescents, and families. I treat anxiety and depression, trauma grief and loss, life stage transitions, parenting issues, co-dependency, and gambling addictions. I am trained in EMDR to treat PTSD, trauma and anxiety.
(916) 694-1457 View (916) 694-1457
Photo of Deep Insight Psychology , Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Deep Insight Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95834
In my work over the past several years, I have found that empowering individuals to explore themselves and the impact of their social, cultural, and inner world helps them navigate their own growth. It also empowers them to direct their healing. My experience of treatment ranges from depression, anxiety, trauma, chronic illness, and psychosomatic disorders to integral work in self-esteem, patterned behaviors, relational issues, and work-life balance issues tied to the symptoms experienced.
In my work over the past several years, I have found that empowering individuals to explore themselves and the impact of their social, cultural, and inner world helps them navigate their own growth. It also empowers them to direct their healing. My experience of treatment ranges from depression, anxiety, trauma, chronic illness, and psychosomatic disorders to integral work in self-esteem, patterned behaviors, relational issues, and work-life balance issues tied to the symptoms experienced.
(530) 454-8680 View (530) 454-8680
Photo of Chrissy Cate LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Chrissy Cate LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95819
Waitlist for new clients
Are you struggling to find joy again? Struggling to get over the past and move on? Cannot connect with your spouse, your children and family like you used to? Not just talk, I provide tools to better manage the relationship challenges you face. As an experienced mother, yogi and licensed marriage, child and family therapist, I can assist you to get the tools you need to feel better and have more rewarding relationships. Call me for a free consultation.
Are you struggling to find joy again? Struggling to get over the past and move on? Cannot connect with your spouse, your children and family like you used to? Not just talk, I provide tools to better manage the relationship challenges you face. As an experienced mother, yogi and licensed marriage, child and family therapist, I can assist you to get the tools you need to feel better and have more rewarding relationships. Call me for a free consultation.
(916) 621-5724 View (916) 621-5724
Photo of Pauline McNabney-Gomez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Pauline McNabney-Gomez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95833  (Online Only)
I believe in creating partnerships with my clients and my approach is client centered. I have worked with various populations, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, relational issues and trauma. I use a variety of therapeutic modalities as listed but aware not one model fits all. I am reality-based and aware you cannot change the past but can heal to move forward in a safe and a healing space. Partnering with a therapist provides the opportunity to share the burden and learn ways to cope while creating solutions.
I believe in creating partnerships with my clients and my approach is client centered. I have worked with various populations, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, relational issues and trauma. I use a variety of therapeutic modalities as listed but aware not one model fits all. I am reality-based and aware you cannot change the past but can heal to move forward in a safe and a healing space. Partnering with a therapist provides the opportunity to share the burden and learn ways to cope while creating solutions.
(916) 975-7706 View (916) 975-7706
Photo of Kim Weimer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kim Weimer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826  (Online Only)
I have 13 years of experience in mental health and more than 20 years of experience in social work. I have worked with various populations and all forms of mental health struggles. My approach to therapy is meeting the client where they are at and working with them to build a plan of treatment that works for them. I have specialized training in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Exposure Response Prevention. I'm also a certified yoga instructor.
I have 13 years of experience in mental health and more than 20 years of experience in social work. I have worked with various populations and all forms of mental health struggles. My approach to therapy is meeting the client where they are at and working with them to build a plan of treatment that works for them. I have specialized training in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Exposure Response Prevention. I'm also a certified yoga instructor.
(424) 999-7383 View (424) 999-7383
Photo of Katelyn Sandoval, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Katelyn Sandoval
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
My approach to therapy is warm, compassionate, collaborative and understanding. I strive to create an environment where my clients feel safe to openly explore the challenges of life and relationships without fear of judgment or misunderstanding. I enjoy the opportunity to learn about the unique strengths, perspectives and abilities of my clients, while working with them to create a path for change. I am passionate about personal empowerment and self compassion and strive to help my clients love and understand themselves in a new way.
My approach to therapy is warm, compassionate, collaborative and understanding. I strive to create an environment where my clients feel safe to openly explore the challenges of life and relationships without fear of judgment or misunderstanding. I enjoy the opportunity to learn about the unique strengths, perspectives and abilities of my clients, while working with them to create a path for change. I am passionate about personal empowerment and self compassion and strive to help my clients love and understand themselves in a new way.
(916) 472-0063 View (916) 472-0063
Photo of Tamer Mostafa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Tamer Mostafa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95811  (Online Only)
Welcome! My name is Tamer, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with nearly 10 years of experience in disability rights, substance use recovery, community health, and LGBTQIA+ centered care. I believe in person-centered approaches to understand the role that stories play in shaping our everyday lives. My work draws from Narrative therapy, which allows us to deconstruct how these stories show up in the context of anxiety, stress, depression, and trauma. Together, we will harness your ideas, skills, beliefs, and experiences to reclaim the story you want to live.
Welcome! My name is Tamer, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with nearly 10 years of experience in disability rights, substance use recovery, community health, and LGBTQIA+ centered care. I believe in person-centered approaches to understand the role that stories play in shaping our everyday lives. My work draws from Narrative therapy, which allows us to deconstruct how these stories show up in the context of anxiety, stress, depression, and trauma. Together, we will harness your ideas, skills, beliefs, and experiences to reclaim the story you want to live.
(916) 634-0889 View (916) 634-0889
Photo of Jasminka Rainey, Pre-Licensed Professional in Sacramento, CA
Jasminka Rainey
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95811
Life can feel overwhelming when you are facing personal struggles or experiencing conflict in important relationships. I can help you identify the patterns in your life that are limiting you and guide you toward developing better coping skills to find healing in the difficult areas of your life. Through my extensive work with both children and families who have survived trauma and experienced chronic mental health challenges, I've learned effective strategies for supporting those who are dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, grief, parent-child conflict, relationship issues, and the effects of living with a painful past.
Life can feel overwhelming when you are facing personal struggles or experiencing conflict in important relationships. I can help you identify the patterns in your life that are limiting you and guide you toward developing better coping skills to find healing in the difficult areas of your life. Through my extensive work with both children and families who have survived trauma and experienced chronic mental health challenges, I've learned effective strategies for supporting those who are dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, grief, parent-child conflict, relationship issues, and the effects of living with a painful past.
(916) 238-1876 View (916) 238-1876
Photo of Dre Merkey, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Dre Merkey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Have you been going through big changes in your life? Do you feel like you've lost a lot, whether that's a part of yourself or an important relationship? Are you struggling to figure out who you are and what comes next? I'd love to be a part of your honorable journey in figuring out how to support. We are each born into this world filled with curiosity and hope, and unfortunately that doesn't always remain due to the hardships life brings. In my practice I will show up authentically and humbly. You know you best, and you truly are the expert of your own life!
Have you been going through big changes in your life? Do you feel like you've lost a lot, whether that's a part of yourself or an important relationship? Are you struggling to figure out who you are and what comes next? I'd love to be a part of your honorable journey in figuring out how to support. We are each born into this world filled with curiosity and hope, and unfortunately that doesn't always remain due to the hardships life brings. In my practice I will show up authentically and humbly. You know you best, and you truly are the expert of your own life!
(916) 269-5053 View (916) 269-5053
Photo of Barbara Bachmeier, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Barbara Bachmeier
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95864  (Online Only)
Hello fellow traveler, Life that is lived to the fullest is our greatest adventure. Sometimes, we get smacked with a road block. It is common to react with anxiety, depression, or a need to sort things out. It is normal to feel this way, yet it can seem that our ability to function optimally is affected with this happens. You can do this. You can be successful in moving through the struggle. You are not alone. I care, I will listen, I will respond, and I know what I am doing. Let me walk with you and apply my clinical knowledge as you gather new life hacks to facilitate your great journey.
Hello fellow traveler, Life that is lived to the fullest is our greatest adventure. Sometimes, we get smacked with a road block. It is common to react with anxiety, depression, or a need to sort things out. It is normal to feel this way, yet it can seem that our ability to function optimally is affected with this happens. You can do this. You can be successful in moving through the struggle. You are not alone. I care, I will listen, I will respond, and I know what I am doing. Let me walk with you and apply my clinical knowledge as you gather new life hacks to facilitate your great journey.
(916) 587-7792 View (916) 587-7792
Photo of Dr. Kelly Wild, Pre-Licensed Professional in Sacramento, CA
Dr. Kelly Wild
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
While anxiety is a natural part of our human experience, chronic experiences of worry, perfectionism, panic, intrusive/unwanted thoughts & compulsions are not. Perhaps it’s hard to turn off your mind and keep your thoughts from racing. You may need new strategies to stop battling your brain and feel calm again. I offer proven stress and anxiety management techniques to help you find relief from your symptoms while helping you develop a new set of coping skills. I have experience treating teens, adults, college & graduate students, as well those who are relatively new to their intrusive/unwanted thought or phobic experiences.
While anxiety is a natural part of our human experience, chronic experiences of worry, perfectionism, panic, intrusive/unwanted thoughts & compulsions are not. Perhaps it’s hard to turn off your mind and keep your thoughts from racing. You may need new strategies to stop battling your brain and feel calm again. I offer proven stress and anxiety management techniques to help you find relief from your symptoms while helping you develop a new set of coping skills. I have experience treating teens, adults, college & graduate students, as well those who are relatively new to their intrusive/unwanted thought or phobic experiences.
(916) 545-7728 View (916) 545-7728

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
63% Cigna and Evernorth
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.