Therapists in New York, NY

View neighborhoods in New York
Photo of Ishmaella I Brutus, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Ishmaella I Brutus
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LP-MHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010  (Online Only)
Your experience is real, putting someone else’s feelings above that is unfair to you. The different journeys we have lived so far has shaped how we respond and react to our loved ones today. Some walks through life end up with us feeling like our needs are selfish. It can lead to decisions weighing on our minds because they are not always understood by society. They can steer us to go down paths where we start to rely on substances to get us through the day. Other times, it prevents us from looking pass the hurt from past relationships to enjoy our life fully.
Your experience is real, putting someone else’s feelings above that is unfair to you. The different journeys we have lived so far has shaped how we respond and react to our loved ones today. Some walks through life end up with us feeling like our needs are selfish. It can lead to decisions weighing on our minds because they are not always understood by society. They can steer us to go down paths where we start to rely on substances to get us through the day. Other times, it prevents us from looking pass the hurt from past relationships to enjoy our life fully.
(518) 406-0157 View (518) 406-0157
Photo of Andrew L Stein, Psychologist in New York, NY
Andrew L Stein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10017
I have helped people for many years, including adolescents, adults, and the elderly with problems such as Life Crisis, Depression, Anxiety, Bereavement and Loss Issues, Loneliness, OCD, Family Conflicts, Relationship Issues, Identity Crisis, Panic Attacks, Bipolar, and Psychosis. I strive to be sensitive to cultural and gender issues. I provide a listening, nonjudgemental ear and help the people I work with gain a new perspective on their life problems so they can thrive and not be weighed down by their past and present life experiences.
I have helped people for many years, including adolescents, adults, and the elderly with problems such as Life Crisis, Depression, Anxiety, Bereavement and Loss Issues, Loneliness, OCD, Family Conflicts, Relationship Issues, Identity Crisis, Panic Attacks, Bipolar, and Psychosis. I strive to be sensitive to cultural and gender issues. I provide a listening, nonjudgemental ear and help the people I work with gain a new perspective on their life problems so they can thrive and not be weighed down by their past and present life experiences.
(929) 499-0081 View (929) 499-0081
Photo of Mallory Craig, Pre-Licensed Professional in New York, NY
Mallory Craig
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-I
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10017
As a dedicated mental health professional, I am committed to guiding individuals on a transformative journey towards healing and self-discovery. Employing an integrative approach, I weave together modalities such as CBT, DBT, Person-Centered, and Mindfulness-Based therapy into my practice. Throughout our time together, I place a strong emphasis on your individuality, creating a warm and nonjudgmental space where your unique experiences are valued.
As a dedicated mental health professional, I am committed to guiding individuals on a transformative journey towards healing and self-discovery. Employing an integrative approach, I weave together modalities such as CBT, DBT, Person-Centered, and Mindfulness-Based therapy into my practice. Throughout our time together, I place a strong emphasis on your individuality, creating a warm and nonjudgmental space where your unique experiences are valued.
(646) 693-3981 View (646) 693-3981
Photo of Cara Nielsen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Cara Nielsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Life can feel overwhelming and stressful. We will work together to help relieve the worries you face and build the confidence to navigate life. I am here to listen and support you on your journey. My name is Cara. I am a licensed clinical social worker, and have worked as a counselor and therapist in NYC for 10 years. I have experience working with individuals dealing with the struggles of everyday life including anxiety, depression, stress, career obstacles, relationships, self-esteem, and life transitions.
Life can feel overwhelming and stressful. We will work together to help relieve the worries you face and build the confidence to navigate life. I am here to listen and support you on your journey. My name is Cara. I am a licensed clinical social worker, and have worked as a counselor and therapist in NYC for 10 years. I have experience working with individuals dealing with the struggles of everyday life including anxiety, depression, stress, career obstacles, relationships, self-esteem, and life transitions.
(929) 254-4659 View (929) 254-4659
Photo of Elizabeth Savettiere, Counselor in New York, NY
Elizabeth Savettiere
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Elizabeth is passionate towards cultivating a safe and encouraging atmosphere to help you through this vulnerable process. With a collaborative and eclectic approach, Elizabeth can help you address the root of your difficulties and lead you on the path of growth and success. Elizabeth has been trained in modalities including CBT, DBT, EMDR, trauma, grief, Reiki, and intuitive eating.
Elizabeth is passionate towards cultivating a safe and encouraging atmosphere to help you through this vulnerable process. With a collaborative and eclectic approach, Elizabeth can help you address the root of your difficulties and lead you on the path of growth and success. Elizabeth has been trained in modalities including CBT, DBT, EMDR, trauma, grief, Reiki, and intuitive eating.
(646) 506-3795 View (646) 506-3795
Photo of Blair Schwartz, Psy.D., Psychologist in New York, NY
Blair Schwartz, Psy.D.
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10022  (Online Only)
Please allow me to inform you about my practice and credentials. I am a compassionate and dedicated psychologist serving patients in Manhattan. I treat a broad range of diagnostic conditions, and work with diverse populations. Some of the mental health services that I offer include: addiction counseling, depression treatment, anxiety management, sleep enhancement techniques, self-esteem improvement, anger or stress reduction methods, couples or family therapy, group therapy, and assertiveness or social skills training. I attained my Clinical Psy.D. degree, from Yeshiva University, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology in New York, and have been practicing since 1995.
Please allow me to inform you about my practice and credentials. I am a compassionate and dedicated psychologist serving patients in Manhattan. I treat a broad range of diagnostic conditions, and work with diverse populations. Some of the mental health services that I offer include: addiction counseling, depression treatment, anxiety management, sleep enhancement techniques, self-esteem improvement, anger or stress reduction methods, couples or family therapy, group therapy, and assertiveness or social skills training. I attained my Clinical Psy.D. degree, from Yeshiva University, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology in New York, and have been practicing since 1995.
(646) 593-7169 View (646) 593-7169
Photo of Ellen C Steingart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Ellen C Steingart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
Together, we work to create a calm, safe, non-judgmental atmosphere that allows you the freedom to express yourself. It's not always easy to speak about problems or painful pasts or even, at times, current situations. However, careful, empathetic listening and gentle inquiry make it possible to begin to explore behaviors and feelings and eventually to gain insights that facilitate changes.
Together, we work to create a calm, safe, non-judgmental atmosphere that allows you the freedom to express yourself. It's not always easy to speak about problems or painful pasts or even, at times, current situations. However, careful, empathetic listening and gentle inquiry make it possible to begin to explore behaviors and feelings and eventually to gain insights that facilitate changes.
(646) 600-5223 View (646) 600-5223
Photo of Brendaliz Fadul, Counselor in New York, NY
Brendaliz Fadul
Counselor, LMHC, RYT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10033  (Online Only)
Therapy for Latinx individual who identifies as queer. They grew up in a traditional Latinx household where discussions about mental health were taboo, and expressions of queerness were often met with judgment or rejection. They have experienced various forms of trauma, including discrimination, rejection from family members, and struggles with self-acceptance. They require a therapy environment that is safe, inclusive, and affirming of their intersecting identities as a Latinx and queer individual. They need a therapist who understands the cultural nuances and challenges faced by both community. They need trauma-informed care.
Therapy for Latinx individual who identifies as queer. They grew up in a traditional Latinx household where discussions about mental health were taboo, and expressions of queerness were often met with judgment or rejection. They have experienced various forms of trauma, including discrimination, rejection from family members, and struggles with self-acceptance. They require a therapy environment that is safe, inclusive, and affirming of their intersecting identities as a Latinx and queer individual. They need a therapist who understands the cultural nuances and challenges faced by both community. They need trauma-informed care.
(929) 822-5259 View (929) 822-5259
Photo of Dianne Heller Kaminsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Dianne Heller Kaminsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128
I have been helping individuals, couples, and families resolve interpersonal and intrapsychic issues for more than 30 years. In addition to maintaining a full time private practice in New York City, I am on the faculty, a training analyst, and a senior supervisor at the Institute of the Postgraduate Psychoanalytic Society and a supervisor at the Postgraduate Institute Group Training Program. I am a former co-director of training for The Center for Anorexia and Bulimia.
I have been helping individuals, couples, and families resolve interpersonal and intrapsychic issues for more than 30 years. In addition to maintaining a full time private practice in New York City, I am on the faculty, a training analyst, and a senior supervisor at the Institute of the Postgraduate Psychoanalytic Society and a supervisor at the Postgraduate Institute Group Training Program. I am a former co-director of training for The Center for Anorexia and Bulimia.
(646) 798-2487 View (646) 798-2487
Photo of Christine Havekost, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Christine Havekost
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10018  (Online Only)
Christine Havekost is a licensed clinical social worker. Christine has been treating patients since 1996 and strives to make her patients feel comfortable and safe. She encourages her patients to confront their challenges and supports them through this process, exploring the issues in their lives and pursuing their goals. Christine’s ultimate goal is to motivate patients so they feel able to build on their strengths and enrich their lives. Christine’s style in the session is informal and interactive. She likes to use a problem-solving approach.
Christine Havekost is a licensed clinical social worker. Christine has been treating patients since 1996 and strives to make her patients feel comfortable and safe. She encourages her patients to confront their challenges and supports them through this process, exploring the issues in their lives and pursuing their goals. Christine’s ultimate goal is to motivate patients so they feel able to build on their strengths and enrich their lives. Christine’s style in the session is informal and interactive. She likes to use a problem-solving approach.
(888) 220-6392 View (888) 220-6392
Photo of Alayne Richardson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Alayne Richardson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SIFI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10018  (Online Only)
No one can tell what's really going on. You are doing everything to try and keep it ALL under control: your job, relationships with family and friends, and your relationship with your partner. But inside, your thoughts are racing, its hard for you to take a deep breath and concentrate, you can't sleep well and your constantly overwhelmed. You are not sure how much more you can take.
No one can tell what's really going on. You are doing everything to try and keep it ALL under control: your job, relationships with family and friends, and your relationship with your partner. But inside, your thoughts are racing, its hard for you to take a deep breath and concentrate, you can't sleep well and your constantly overwhelmed. You are not sure how much more you can take.
(917) 905-9466 View (917) 905-9466
Photo of Hilary Ryglewicz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Hilary Ryglewicz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Not Verified Not Verified
New York, NY 10028
I am a strong, yet gentle therapist with 25+ years in agency and private practice; experience with individuals, couples, families, group; skills for crisis, short-term and extended treatment; advanced training in couple/family, cognitive, DBT, EMDR, writer/training re: dual disorders, emotion management. I welcome each person or couple as unique individuals and tailor my approach to your needs and goals. I focus on present issues and explore how they are shaped by past experience, and can support you in managing depression, anxiety, and anger. I will be glad to discuss how our work might be helpful to you.
I am a strong, yet gentle therapist with 25+ years in agency and private practice; experience with individuals, couples, families, group; skills for crisis, short-term and extended treatment; advanced training in couple/family, cognitive, DBT, EMDR, writer/training re: dual disorders, emotion management. I welcome each person or couple as unique individuals and tailor my approach to your needs and goals. I focus on present issues and explore how they are shaped by past experience, and can support you in managing depression, anxiety, and anger. I will be glad to discuss how our work might be helpful to you.
(646) 351-1657 View (646) 351-1657
Photo of Dr. Sheena - Rafat Smith, Counselor in New York, NY
Dr. Sheena - Rafat Smith
Counselor, EdD, MA, CLC, LPC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
With over ten years of experience specializing in helping others find their authentic self. If you desire to live a life of purpose, or need clear direction, or even want to learn how to cope with past traumatic experience, I can assist with helping you create a new life, build long lasting relationships or even find your soul mate. It's time to invest in yourself! Let's partner together to get your best results and get you the life you deserve.
With over ten years of experience specializing in helping others find their authentic self. If you desire to live a life of purpose, or need clear direction, or even want to learn how to cope with past traumatic experience, I can assist with helping you create a new life, build long lasting relationships or even find your soul mate. It's time to invest in yourself! Let's partner together to get your best results and get you the life you deserve.
(646) 679-6384 View (646) 679-6384
Photo of Dr. Chloe Ifrah, Limited Licensed Psychologist in New York, NY
Dr. Chloe Ifrah
Limited Licensed Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10023
My goal is to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you feel comfortable to be your authentic self and express your feelings. I am experienced in delivering evidence-based treatments such as CBT (for multiple disorders) and DBT in both outpatient and inpatient settings focusing on life transitions, mood and anxiety disorders, interpersonal difficulties, emotion dysregulation, and severe mental illness such as psychosis. I've completed Behavioral Tech’s DBT training. Together we work on treating the problem, recognizing the effects it has on your life and working toward a different more effective experience with skills usage.
My goal is to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you feel comfortable to be your authentic self and express your feelings. I am experienced in delivering evidence-based treatments such as CBT (for multiple disorders) and DBT in both outpatient and inpatient settings focusing on life transitions, mood and anxiety disorders, interpersonal difficulties, emotion dysregulation, and severe mental illness such as psychosis. I've completed Behavioral Tech’s DBT training. Together we work on treating the problem, recognizing the effects it has on your life and working toward a different more effective experience with skills usage.
(646) 978-9611 View (646) 978-9611
Photo of Alan S. Vanell, Counselor in New York, NY
Alan S. Vanell
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
Sometimes in life, we face various problems or setbacks that impede our identity, self-esteem, relationships, and/or aspirations. Through therapy, we can safely and quickly develop ways to achieve your life goals and improve life satisfaction. I work dynamically and collaboratively to explore your inner thoughts and feelings to bring positive changes and meaning to your present life. In conjunction, I utilize specific ways to help you build your inner resources/skills to cope with daily life stressors, relationship problems, trauma, anxiety, depression, and other concerns.
Sometimes in life, we face various problems or setbacks that impede our identity, self-esteem, relationships, and/or aspirations. Through therapy, we can safely and quickly develop ways to achieve your life goals and improve life satisfaction. I work dynamically and collaboratively to explore your inner thoughts and feelings to bring positive changes and meaning to your present life. In conjunction, I utilize specific ways to help you build your inner resources/skills to cope with daily life stressors, relationship problems, trauma, anxiety, depression, and other concerns.
(917) 746-4157 View (917) 746-4157
Photo of Svetlana Levak, Psychologist in New York, NY
Svetlana Levak
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10022  (Online Only)
Struggling to cope with intense worry, sadness, or anger can feel overwhelming and lonely. Reducing alcohol or other substance use can be similarly isolating and intertwined with negative emotions. Recognizing that there is a problem can be the largest hurdle, but finding a way to make those changes does not have to be. You may have already made attempts to change on your own and make things better, but it hasn’t quite worked out. Often, what to do and when to do it is not clear.
Struggling to cope with intense worry, sadness, or anger can feel overwhelming and lonely. Reducing alcohol or other substance use can be similarly isolating and intertwined with negative emotions. Recognizing that there is a problem can be the largest hurdle, but finding a way to make those changes does not have to be. You may have already made attempts to change on your own and make things better, but it hasn’t quite worked out. Often, what to do and when to do it is not clear.
(516) 550-5795 View (516) 550-5795
Photo of Jenna Sackman, Licensed Professional Counselor in New York, NY
Jenna Sackman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, LPC, MEd, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
Jenna Sackman is a holistic and integrative therapist who specializes in working with high functioning individuals (children, teens & adults) and couples and is passionate about making therapy a meaningful, joyful experience. Her areas of expertise are anxiety, relationship challenges, depression, loss/grief, transitional periods, and intrusive/negative thoughts. Most clients choose to work with her because she uses an active approach and provides her clients with concrete skills. Jenna understands that therapy is a huge investment, and she, too, is fully invested in helping her clients to realize significant and observable change.
Jenna Sackman is a holistic and integrative therapist who specializes in working with high functioning individuals (children, teens & adults) and couples and is passionate about making therapy a meaningful, joyful experience. Her areas of expertise are anxiety, relationship challenges, depression, loss/grief, transitional periods, and intrusive/negative thoughts. Most clients choose to work with her because she uses an active approach and provides her clients with concrete skills. Jenna understands that therapy is a huge investment, and she, too, is fully invested in helping her clients to realize significant and observable change.
(929) 334-4935 View (929) 334-4935
Photo of Wendy H. Christian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in New York, NY
Wendy H. Christian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001  (Online Only)
Everyone can use help on their journey toward healing and happiness. Despite how you may feel right now, there is a way to create the lasting healing and change you want in your life. You might be undergoing a life transition or have relationship, work, or other stressors causing you to not feel like yourself. You may have left or are questioning the religion of your childhood, or a high-demand group or work setting. You may consider yourself to be a Highly Sensitive Person, who often feels unique and challenged in life. And/or you may want more fulfilling relationships with your friends and loved ones, and even with yourself.
Everyone can use help on their journey toward healing and happiness. Despite how you may feel right now, there is a way to create the lasting healing and change you want in your life. You might be undergoing a life transition or have relationship, work, or other stressors causing you to not feel like yourself. You may have left or are questioning the religion of your childhood, or a high-demand group or work setting. You may consider yourself to be a Highly Sensitive Person, who often feels unique and challenged in life. And/or you may want more fulfilling relationships with your friends and loved ones, and even with yourself.
(646) 480-6708 View (646) 480-6708
Photo of Lauren Osoria, Licensed Master Social Worker in New York, NY
Lauren Osoria
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10034  (Online Only)
Welcome! I'm a native, Bi-lingual (Spanish/English) Latinx therapist. I am intentional in curating a space in which you can show up as your authentic self. My approach is a combination of a laid-back style with implementation of tools and skills to help you work towards your goals. I work with adolescents and adults with an interest in investing in their growth and healing. My experience includes over seven years of working with folks with anxiety, depression, intimate partner violence, PTSD and complex trauma, romantic and family relationships, personality disorders, and adjustment to lifestyle changes.
Welcome! I'm a native, Bi-lingual (Spanish/English) Latinx therapist. I am intentional in curating a space in which you can show up as your authentic self. My approach is a combination of a laid-back style with implementation of tools and skills to help you work towards your goals. I work with adolescents and adults with an interest in investing in their growth and healing. My experience includes over seven years of working with folks with anxiety, depression, intimate partner violence, PTSD and complex trauma, romantic and family relationships, personality disorders, and adjustment to lifestyle changes.
(718) 831-6622 View (718) 831-6622
Photo of Jenna Saint Pierre, Art Therapist in New York, NY
Jenna Saint Pierre
Art Therapist, LCAT, MT-BC, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
Our sessions will be focused on you: both where you are in the moment and where you hope to go. My therapeutic approach is to help connect you with your feelings and needs so you can meet your goals.
Our sessions will be focused on you: both where you are in the moment and where you hope to go. My therapeutic approach is to help connect you with your feelings and needs so you can meet your goals.
(845) 605-7181 View (845) 605-7181

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
60% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.