Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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James Manzella, LCSW, MA
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
We all grow up and live in a society which favors conformity. Not "fitting in" or being "different" can result in feelings of depression, low self-esteem, and isolation which can effect all aspects of our lives. This can be especially true for the LGBTQ population. As a psychodynamic therapist, my goal is to assist you in your personal development from unsatisfying or painful patterns of living and to a life that you can celebrate. While we can't change the past, we can work together to change how it continues to impact your life and resolve challenges and issues that have resulted from it.
We all grow up and live in a society which favors conformity. Not "fitting in" or being "different" can result in feelings of depression, low self-esteem, and isolation which can effect all aspects of our lives. This can be especially true for the LGBTQ population. As a psychodynamic therapist, my goal is to assist you in your personal development from unsatisfying or painful patterns of living and to a life that you can celebrate. While we can't change the past, we can work together to change how it continues to impact your life and resolve challenges and issues that have resulted from it.
(412) 532-1589 View (412) 532-1589
Photo of Hannah Pomerantz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Hannah Pomerantz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I believe that every person has the ability to find meaning and purpose, and it is my goal to help you tap into your innate strengths to do so. My style of therapy is warm, nonjudgmental, and tailored to each client’s individual goals and needs. I use a person-centered and strengths-based approach, often incorporating elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and psychodynamics.
I believe that every person has the ability to find meaning and purpose, and it is my goal to help you tap into your innate strengths to do so. My style of therapy is warm, nonjudgmental, and tailored to each client’s individual goals and needs. I use a person-centered and strengths-based approach, often incorporating elements of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and psychodynamics.
(412) 871-6741 View (412) 871-6741
Photo of Sarah Sprenkle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Sarah Sprenkle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC , NIT
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
Do you feel disconnected from yourself and your feelings, possibly due to trauma? Do you lack understanding of the cause & need education on how the brain responds to trauma? Do you have relational issues or anger management struggles that lead to addictive behaviors? Do you struggle with self-worth issues and feel tired, frustrated, and confused? In therapy, you will learn to identify trauma responses, build tolerance for difficult or uncomfortable feelings, & utilize various coping skills & grounding techniques. Gain confidence, take risks to address complex issues & learn how to create healthy boundaries for relationships.
Do you feel disconnected from yourself and your feelings, possibly due to trauma? Do you lack understanding of the cause & need education on how the brain responds to trauma? Do you have relational issues or anger management struggles that lead to addictive behaviors? Do you struggle with self-worth issues and feel tired, frustrated, and confused? In therapy, you will learn to identify trauma responses, build tolerance for difficult or uncomfortable feelings, & utilize various coping skills & grounding techniques. Gain confidence, take risks to address complex issues & learn how to create healthy boundaries for relationships.
(412) 903-3246 View (412) 903-3246
Photo of Echo Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Echo Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LBS, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15208
Waitlist for new clients
Bria is a licensed professional counselor who specializes in assessing and treating selective mutism, anxiety disorders, and phobias that occur during childhood. She is certified to treat selective mutism through an evidence-based modality called Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Selective Mutism, or PCIT-SM. In this approach, Bria works with both the child and the parent or caregiver to reduce the child’s level of anxiety and to create meaningful change in their ability to verbally communicate. Bria tailors her treatment plan to the needs of the individual child and family, providing services where they are needed most.
Bria is a licensed professional counselor who specializes in assessing and treating selective mutism, anxiety disorders, and phobias that occur during childhood. She is certified to treat selective mutism through an evidence-based modality called Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Selective Mutism, or PCIT-SM. In this approach, Bria works with both the child and the parent or caregiver to reduce the child’s level of anxiety and to create meaningful change in their ability to verbally communicate. Bria tailors her treatment plan to the needs of the individual child and family, providing services where they are needed most.
(412) 293-0106 View (412) 293-0106
Photo of Cynthia Seery, Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Cynthia Seery
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15210  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Cynthia. Do you find yourself struggling to get through your day to day, maybe due to lack of interest, low energy, or difficulty concentrating? Or maybe you find yourself exhausted by what seems like endless worries, inability to relax, and restless nights. These are just a few of the common presenting issues I have experience working with.
Hi, I'm Cynthia. Do you find yourself struggling to get through your day to day, maybe due to lack of interest, low energy, or difficulty concentrating? Or maybe you find yourself exhausted by what seems like endless worries, inability to relax, and restless nights. These are just a few of the common presenting issues I have experience working with.
(484) 559-7609 View (484) 559-7609
Photo of Betsy Callomon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Betsy Callomon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Not accepting new clients
With the many professionals available, why work with me? First, you will find unconditional acceptance. I do not have preconceived notions of who you should, or who I need you to be. Instead, I will support you on your journey to discover who you want and deserve to be. I have experience working in both addiction recovery (chemical and food) and mental/spiritual health (trauma, depression, anxiety) so treat you as a whole person, not a diagnosis. Finally, I chose to leave another career and pursue psychotherapy so that I could do what I believe I was meant to do.
With the many professionals available, why work with me? First, you will find unconditional acceptance. I do not have preconceived notions of who you should, or who I need you to be. Instead, I will support you on your journey to discover who you want and deserve to be. I have experience working in both addiction recovery (chemical and food) and mental/spiritual health (trauma, depression, anxiety) so treat you as a whole person, not a diagnosis. Finally, I chose to leave another career and pursue psychotherapy so that I could do what I believe I was meant to do.
(412) 330-1602 View (412) 330-1602
Photo of Dominique Flint, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Dominique Flint
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Dominique Flint is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 10 years of experience in the behavioral health field. She is excited to work with adults, parents, friends, and couples who are faced to manage unique challenges. Dominique specializes in treating anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, parenting issues, stress management, women's issues, racial/ethnic challenges, boundary setting and assertiveness skills, and emotional intelligence.
Dominique Flint is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 10 years of experience in the behavioral health field. She is excited to work with adults, parents, friends, and couples who are faced to manage unique challenges. Dominique specializes in treating anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, parenting issues, stress management, women's issues, racial/ethnic challenges, boundary setting and assertiveness skills, and emotional intelligence.
(412) 387-6576 View (412) 387-6576
Photo of Cassandra Dunphy-Lieb, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Cassandra Dunphy-Lieb
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist, it is my goal to help you gain a better understanding of who you are, how your brain works, and how this impacts your daily life. In order to allow you to open up in this way, I work hard to provide a safe environment built on respect and collaboration. I will meet you where you are in life and help you to establish what you want your future to look like without judgement. The two of us will work together to personalize each session to fit you and your goals.
As a therapist, it is my goal to help you gain a better understanding of who you are, how your brain works, and how this impacts your daily life. In order to allow you to open up in this way, I work hard to provide a safe environment built on respect and collaboration. I will meet you where you are in life and help you to establish what you want your future to look like without judgement. The two of us will work together to personalize each session to fit you and your goals.
(412) 472-7985 View (412) 472-7985
Photo of Kaitlyn Barbarow, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Kaitlyn Barbarow
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15226
Life is hard, especially when you feel like you just can’t manage everything on your plate. From school to work to relationships with friends and family, there is always a lot to juggle, and stress can build up quickly! When you’re overwhelmed, your behavior, mood, and relationships are all impacted, and it’s harder to be able to fully enjoy life.
Life is hard, especially when you feel like you just can’t manage everything on your plate. From school to work to relationships with friends and family, there is always a lot to juggle, and stress can build up quickly! When you’re overwhelmed, your behavior, mood, and relationships are all impacted, and it’s harder to be able to fully enjoy life.
(412) 538-6873 View (412) 538-6873
Photo of David Prybock, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
David Prybock
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Do you want to improve your relationship, have less stress, or simply gain insight about yourself so that you can be happier and live a more fulfilling life? Change is difficult, especially when we try to do it alone. I am a Licensed Psychologist who offers individual and group therapy that are designed to help you be happier. My aim is to provide you with the knowledge and skills that will help you achieve change. Working together, we will utilize the strengths you already have and target those aspects of yourself that you want to change the most.
Do you want to improve your relationship, have less stress, or simply gain insight about yourself so that you can be happier and live a more fulfilling life? Change is difficult, especially when we try to do it alone. I am a Licensed Psychologist who offers individual and group therapy that are designed to help you be happier. My aim is to provide you with the knowledge and skills that will help you achieve change. Working together, we will utilize the strengths you already have and target those aspects of yourself that you want to change the most.
(412) 228-0094 View (412) 228-0094
Photo of Jill Henkel Kazour, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Jill Henkel Kazour
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MSEd
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
Depression and anxiety are so very common and so little understood. I am interested in helping people come to terms with what is keeping them from living a contented life. Suffering is part of life. However, with compassion, empathy and understanding from an important other, it can be navigated successfully and dealt with in a way that allows growth. I want to help you get unstuck from the emotions, thoughts and behaviors that are keeping you unfulfilled. While this can be a lengthy process, it can be seen as a significant investment in yourself.
Depression and anxiety are so very common and so little understood. I am interested in helping people come to terms with what is keeping them from living a contented life. Suffering is part of life. However, with compassion, empathy and understanding from an important other, it can be navigated successfully and dealt with in a way that allows growth. I want to help you get unstuck from the emotions, thoughts and behaviors that are keeping you unfulfilled. While this can be a lengthy process, it can be seen as a significant investment in yourself.
(412) 275-4315 View (412) 275-4315
Photo of Alexandra Mattina, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Alexandra Mattina
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RYT
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
Throughout my 10 years working in mental health, I have learned how important it is to our healing to be connected in heart and body. I believe building a better understanding of this mind-body connection and the impact it can have on both our physical and mental health is critical in symptom management, emotional regulation, stress management, overall health and wellness, and navigating our everyday life in this world.
Throughout my 10 years working in mental health, I have learned how important it is to our healing to be connected in heart and body. I believe building a better understanding of this mind-body connection and the impact it can have on both our physical and mental health is critical in symptom management, emotional regulation, stress management, overall health and wellness, and navigating our everyday life in this world.
(878) 309-6884 View (878) 309-6884
Photo of Marcus Flournoy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Marcus Flournoy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
I was brought up in the helping tradition of the community where I was taught to give back to others. I have twenty years of experience in the mental health and drug and alcohol field. I have worked with individuals from all walks of life: socially, culturally, racially, economically, gender wise, and different sexual orientations and religions. I have conducted assessments, evaluations, individual therapy, family therapy and couple's therapy. I have treated individuals with a variety of conditions such as trauma, stress, depression including bipolar, anxiety, anger management problems, psychosis and addiction.
I was brought up in the helping tradition of the community where I was taught to give back to others. I have twenty years of experience in the mental health and drug and alcohol field. I have worked with individuals from all walks of life: socially, culturally, racially, economically, gender wise, and different sexual orientations and religions. I have conducted assessments, evaluations, individual therapy, family therapy and couple's therapy. I have treated individuals with a variety of conditions such as trauma, stress, depression including bipolar, anxiety, anger management problems, psychosis and addiction.
(878) 220-3027 View (878) 220-3027
Photo of Touchstone Clinical Associates, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Touchstone Clinical Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSW, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237  (Online Only)
"The journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step." -Lao Tzu. If your journey could benefit from the most progressive, evidenced-based treatments currently available, Touchstone Clinical Associates can help. Our team has a rare depth of experience treating eating disorders, mood disorders, and trauma that cannot be found anywhere else in the area. With a wealth of empathy, Touchstone Clinical Associates has the knowledge and technical expertise to get your journey started on the right path.
"The journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step." -Lao Tzu. If your journey could benefit from the most progressive, evidenced-based treatments currently available, Touchstone Clinical Associates can help. Our team has a rare depth of experience treating eating disorders, mood disorders, and trauma that cannot be found anywhere else in the area. With a wealth of empathy, Touchstone Clinical Associates has the knowledge and technical expertise to get your journey started on the right path.
(412) 214-7037 View (412) 214-7037
Photo of Bridget Bauer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Bridget Bauer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW, CAAP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
I believe that one of the bravest things that you can do is to understand your own story. You are the expert on yourself, and I would like to work collaboratively with you to understand and identify connections within your story. My therapeutic orientation is client-centered, strength-based, holistic, and eclectic. I tailor my approach to you and your wants and/or needs. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the foundation of growth and healing. I strive to develop an open, safe, and trusting therapeutic relationship with you.
I believe that one of the bravest things that you can do is to understand your own story. You are the expert on yourself, and I would like to work collaboratively with you to understand and identify connections within your story. My therapeutic orientation is client-centered, strength-based, holistic, and eclectic. I tailor my approach to you and your wants and/or needs. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the foundation of growth and healing. I strive to develop an open, safe, and trusting therapeutic relationship with you.
(412) 912-2961 View (412) 912-2961
Photo of Stanton Marlan, Licensed Psychoanalyst in Pittsburgh, PA
Stanton Marlan
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD, ABPP, FABP, LP
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I am a clinical psychologist and Jungian analyst. I work with a range of individuals whose lives have become problematic due to hurt, wounding, disappointment, loss, grief and general life suffering that has resulted in symptoms of impasse, anxiety, depression, dysfunction and/or a loss of potential. My view of the therapeutic relationship is of a mutual effort to work together to discover a way to continue psychological development, to seek a way to heal and find a deeper sense of vitality, renewal and meaning, In addition, I work well with university students, artists, and with those who are struggling with spiritual issues.
I am a clinical psychologist and Jungian analyst. I work with a range of individuals whose lives have become problematic due to hurt, wounding, disappointment, loss, grief and general life suffering that has resulted in symptoms of impasse, anxiety, depression, dysfunction and/or a loss of potential. My view of the therapeutic relationship is of a mutual effort to work together to discover a way to continue psychological development, to seek a way to heal and find a deeper sense of vitality, renewal and meaning, In addition, I work well with university students, artists, and with those who are struggling with spiritual issues.
(412) 329-6710 View (412) 329-6710
Photo of Seth Young, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Seth Young
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
Not accepting new clients
I am an integrative therapist with a multicultural, social justice orientation. I pull from different therapeutic methods to tailor treatment specifically to client needs while also considering the ways that cultural and systemic factors may impact lived experiences. Within my approach, I pay particular attention to clients’ identities, histories, and strengths to promote empowerment and motivation to make meaningful decisions in the present.
I am an integrative therapist with a multicultural, social justice orientation. I pull from different therapeutic methods to tailor treatment specifically to client needs while also considering the ways that cultural and systemic factors may impact lived experiences. Within my approach, I pay particular attention to clients’ identities, histories, and strengths to promote empowerment and motivation to make meaningful decisions in the present.
(724) 603-1351 View (724) 603-1351
Photo of Debra M Whittam, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Debra M Whittam
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd, CCDPD, CAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15212
My ideal clients have issues with anxiety, depression, addiction and grief. Those who have little to no family support or friend network to rely on during difficult times. I work with people who struggle with alcoholism and drug abuse and repeated relapse. I also specialize in Adult Children of Alcoholism or Dysfunctional Homes. Many of my clients need help making life decisions especially between the ages of 16-26. Also those who are in transition either from divorce, from college to the workplace and single parents. Most everyone needs to know if they are going to be okay and if they are, how will they be okay.
My ideal clients have issues with anxiety, depression, addiction and grief. Those who have little to no family support or friend network to rely on during difficult times. I work with people who struggle with alcoholism and drug abuse and repeated relapse. I also specialize in Adult Children of Alcoholism or Dysfunctional Homes. Many of my clients need help making life decisions especially between the ages of 16-26. Also those who are in transition either from divorce, from college to the workplace and single parents. Most everyone needs to know if they are going to be okay and if they are, how will they be okay.
(412) 467-0492 View (412) 467-0492
Photo of Jon Weingarden, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jon Weingarden
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15215
I am a Pittsburgher and I'm proud to practice psychology in my home community. My goal is to see each client as a person first, and provide individualized healthcare. I see therapy as collaborative, and including both skill-building and self-exploration. In terms of self-exploration, I see the client as the expert in their own life, while a therapist is attuned to noticing themes or patterns that the client would have otherwise missed or avoided.
I am a Pittsburgher and I'm proud to practice psychology in my home community. My goal is to see each client as a person first, and provide individualized healthcare. I see therapy as collaborative, and including both skill-building and self-exploration. In terms of self-exploration, I see the client as the expert in their own life, while a therapist is attuned to noticing themes or patterns that the client would have otherwise missed or avoided.
(412) 207-3477 View (412) 207-3477
Photo of The Steadfast Dad in Pittsburgh, PA
The Steadfast Dad
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15209
Divorce is hard. I know. Lots of fear, anger, confusion. And, lots of opportunity to become stronger, more stable, and build a better life. I work with men who have experienced, or are currently going through, the trials of divorce. I support you navigating this difficult time by giving you a space to vent and helping you see the ways the experience can improve you. Let's work together to get you through this ordeal and envision what good you could create. Looking forward to meeting you. - Trevor, Licensed Social Worker
Divorce is hard. I know. Lots of fear, anger, confusion. And, lots of opportunity to become stronger, more stable, and build a better life. I work with men who have experienced, or are currently going through, the trials of divorce. I support you navigating this difficult time by giving you a space to vent and helping you see the ways the experience can improve you. Let's work together to get you through this ordeal and envision what good you could create. Looking forward to meeting you. - Trevor, Licensed Social Worker
(412) 775-3960 View (412) 775-3960

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.