Therapists in San Diego, CA

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Photo of Shani Judis Laub, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Shani Judis Laub
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in addressing a spectrum of mental health concerns including: Anxiety ,Depression ,Psychosis , LGBTQ+ Issues , ADHD , Trauma, Autism Spectrum Disorders , PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, Mood Disorders.
I specialize in addressing a spectrum of mental health concerns including: Anxiety ,Depression ,Psychosis , LGBTQ+ Issues , ADHD , Trauma, Autism Spectrum Disorders , PTSD, Bipolar Disorder, Mood Disorders.
(619) 612-0684 View (619) 612-0684
Photo of Amanda Cisneros, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Amanda Cisneros
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92123  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Amanda Cisneros is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, based in San Diego, who provides online therapy to individuals across California. With a focus on creating a safe and inviting environment, that allow you to show up as you are, therapy will help you harness your inner strengths in order to navigate difficult life transitions. Amanda specializes in supporting college students and young professionals with adjusting to life transitions and managing conflict in their interpersonal relationships, helping them to learn and develop life skills in order to thrive!
Amanda Cisneros is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, based in San Diego, who provides online therapy to individuals across California. With a focus on creating a safe and inviting environment, that allow you to show up as you are, therapy will help you harness your inner strengths in order to navigate difficult life transitions. Amanda specializes in supporting college students and young professionals with adjusting to life transitions and managing conflict in their interpersonal relationships, helping them to learn and develop life skills in order to thrive!
(858) 304-7965 View (858) 304-7965
Photo of Eddie A Quintana, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Eddie A Quintana
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MS
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92128  (Online Only)
My Philosophy is simple, start where you are at in the process. My approach is to work with you and together we would develop goals and expectations on what you want to work on. It is a collaborative effort in order to help you make progress and sustain change once progress is made. Even though I'm seen as the professional, to me your're the professional of you're life and its my job to help guide you into a place where you feel comfortable. For further info please check out my website at quintanacounseling.com.
My Philosophy is simple, start where you are at in the process. My approach is to work with you and together we would develop goals and expectations on what you want to work on. It is a collaborative effort in order to help you make progress and sustain change once progress is made. Even though I'm seen as the professional, to me your're the professional of you're life and its my job to help guide you into a place where you feel comfortable. For further info please check out my website at quintanacounseling.com.
(858) 956-7836 View (858) 956-7836
Photo of Melissa Lanza, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Melissa Lanza
Psychologist, PhD, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92117
I know how difficult making changes in your life can be. Asking for help and support is a sign of strength and commitment to improving your life. I am here to help you on your personal journey to achieve a life filled with peace, happiness, and emotional well-being. My goal is to empower you to find personal strategies to discover your full potential. Using therapeutic approaches with proven results, I am able to help identify behaviors and/or thoughts might be holding you back from living a meaningful and happy life. To make an appointment, please visit my website and choose "Initial Assessment.”
I know how difficult making changes in your life can be. Asking for help and support is a sign of strength and commitment to improving your life. I am here to help you on your personal journey to achieve a life filled with peace, happiness, and emotional well-being. My goal is to empower you to find personal strategies to discover your full potential. Using therapeutic approaches with proven results, I am able to help identify behaviors and/or thoughts might be holding you back from living a meaningful and happy life. To make an appointment, please visit my website and choose "Initial Assessment.”
(858) 414-3523 View (858) 414-3523
Photo of Courtney Funk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Courtney Funk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
Welcome, I'm glad you're here! Finding time for yourself can be a daunting task, especially with the heavy demands of school/work. My client's are primarily college students, recent graduates, and young professionals seeking balance in their lives and a space to process life events. I strive to create a genuine, warm, trusting and collaborative space where my clients feel empowered to explore, process and heal.
Welcome, I'm glad you're here! Finding time for yourself can be a daunting task, especially with the heavy demands of school/work. My client's are primarily college students, recent graduates, and young professionals seeking balance in their lives and a space to process life events. I strive to create a genuine, warm, trusting and collaborative space where my clients feel empowered to explore, process and heal.
(858) 348-5512 View (858) 348-5512
Photo of Konul Surofchy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Konul Surofchy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92122
There comes a time when we get tired of feeling stuck in the same old patterns. We suddenly see our lives clearer, realizing we’re no longer satisfied and yearn for change. This dissatisfaction takes on a different flavor for each individual. It can come in the form of a realization of our unfulfilled needs, an exhaustion of performing for others, resentment at having our boundaries crossed far too many times, or a growing bitterness and overall displeasure for life. Perhaps, we’ve tried other modes of healing or even short-term therapy, frustrated at the lack of quick results. Until, the recognition hits us, we must look deeper.
There comes a time when we get tired of feeling stuck in the same old patterns. We suddenly see our lives clearer, realizing we’re no longer satisfied and yearn for change. This dissatisfaction takes on a different flavor for each individual. It can come in the form of a realization of our unfulfilled needs, an exhaustion of performing for others, resentment at having our boundaries crossed far too many times, or a growing bitterness and overall displeasure for life. Perhaps, we’ve tried other modes of healing or even short-term therapy, frustrated at the lack of quick results. Until, the recognition hits us, we must look deeper.
(619) 329-5744 View (619) 329-5744
Photo of Dr. Kasiani Michalopoulos, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Dr. Kasiani Michalopoulos
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients! How much time do you spend consumed by your thoughts or trying to ignore your thoughts/emotions? If we have thousands of thoughts a day, why do we spend more time focused on certain thoughts? I can help you manage your thoughts and emotions in a healthier way. I treat a variety of issues ranging from everyday life stressors and relationship challenges, to chronic mood disorders (i.e. depression, anxiety, mania), obsessions and compulsions, trauma, and engrained unhealthy styles of coping. I serve a wide range of clients from transitional age youth (18+) to older adults, from many different backgrounds.
Accepting New Clients! How much time do you spend consumed by your thoughts or trying to ignore your thoughts/emotions? If we have thousands of thoughts a day, why do we spend more time focused on certain thoughts? I can help you manage your thoughts and emotions in a healthier way. I treat a variety of issues ranging from everyday life stressors and relationship challenges, to chronic mood disorders (i.e. depression, anxiety, mania), obsessions and compulsions, trauma, and engrained unhealthy styles of coping. I serve a wide range of clients from transitional age youth (18+) to older adults, from many different backgrounds.
(619) 737-1825 View (619) 737-1825
Photo of Daniel R. Blaess, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Daniel R. Blaess
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92101
I have worked in mental health for over 30 years, in a wide variety of professional settings. My professional training has been extensive, and includes degrees from Harvard University and the California School of Professional Psychology, as well as post-doctoral studies at the San Diego Psychoanalytic Center. I'm an adjunct faculty member at the Center for Creative Leadership, the UCSD Department of Psychiatry, as well as with the Naval Medical Center Psychiatry Residency Program. I have also taught at several colleges as an adjunct faculty member.
I have worked in mental health for over 30 years, in a wide variety of professional settings. My professional training has been extensive, and includes degrees from Harvard University and the California School of Professional Psychology, as well as post-doctoral studies at the San Diego Psychoanalytic Center. I'm an adjunct faculty member at the Center for Creative Leadership, the UCSD Department of Psychiatry, as well as with the Naval Medical Center Psychiatry Residency Program. I have also taught at several colleges as an adjunct faculty member.
(619) 377-8219 View (619) 377-8219
Photo of Ashlee Wilson, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Diego, CA
Ashlee Wilson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92122
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who specializes in co-occurring (mental health and substance abuse) disorders. I have been practicing for several years and believe in treating clients with mental health and/or substance abuse issues from a holistic approach. While medicine management can be a crucial aspect of treatment, I believe, to aid healing one must consider the human as a whole.
I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who specializes in co-occurring (mental health and substance abuse) disorders. I have been practicing for several years and believe in treating clients with mental health and/or substance abuse issues from a holistic approach. While medicine management can be a crucial aspect of treatment, I believe, to aid healing one must consider the human as a whole.
(858) 289-0160 View (858) 289-0160
Photo of Richard Bladh, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Richard Bladh
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92120
Mental health therapist with 25 years experience. Working with ages 5 and up. Couples counseling, individual counseling, family counseling. Focus on CBT and family systems theory.
Mental health therapist with 25 years experience. Working with ages 5 and up. Couples counseling, individual counseling, family counseling. Focus on CBT and family systems theory.
(858) 321-8649 View (858) 321-8649
Jim Hatton
PhD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92121
I'm Jim Hatton, Ph.D. I began my career as a neuroscientist, and then realized my calling for helping people. I spent the next 20 years as a Marriage and Family therapist specializing in cognitive behavioral therapy, primarily working with people with OCD and Impulse Control Disorders like Trichotillomania and Compulsive Skin Picking. Becoming very familiar with ERP and Habit Reversal skills for treating these sufferers, I saw the additional need for helping the others, both family and treating professionals, around them directly (and thereby indirectly helping the sufferers too). This is where I currently conduct these efforts.
I'm Jim Hatton, Ph.D. I began my career as a neuroscientist, and then realized my calling for helping people. I spent the next 20 years as a Marriage and Family therapist specializing in cognitive behavioral therapy, primarily working with people with OCD and Impulse Control Disorders like Trichotillomania and Compulsive Skin Picking. Becoming very familiar with ERP and Habit Reversal skills for treating these sufferers, I saw the additional need for helping the others, both family and treating professionals, around them directly (and thereby indirectly helping the sufferers too). This is where I currently conduct these efforts.
(858) 217-4894 View (858) 217-4894
Photo of June Cabales, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
June Cabales
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
Together, we can be in better understanding of how you've come to story your life - challenging the limiting influence of messages that sound like "what should be" and "what's supposed to be" - and come into more preferred ways of being. I am guided to support you through sex and gender issues, identity development across different contexts like age and culture, relationship problems, and life transitions by my own experiences in the identities I hold as a queer, 1st generation Filipino-American as well as my training and values as a therapist. We may encounter difficult moments together, but I'll be with you every step of the way!
Together, we can be in better understanding of how you've come to story your life - challenging the limiting influence of messages that sound like "what should be" and "what's supposed to be" - and come into more preferred ways of being. I am guided to support you through sex and gender issues, identity development across different contexts like age and culture, relationship problems, and life transitions by my own experiences in the identities I hold as a queer, 1st generation Filipino-American as well as my training and values as a therapist. We may encounter difficult moments together, but I'll be with you every step of the way!
(619) 344-9634 View (619) 344-9634
Photo of Jacqueline Bain, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Diego, CA
Jacqueline Bain
Pre-Licensed Professional, ACSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in working with youth of all ages, from elementary age to teenagers. I take a casual, fun and relatable approach to therapy that allows youth to feel more comfortable in what is-lets face it-a really awkward situation. I enjoy helping youth find their voice and bridge the gap between parent and child, improving communication and the quality of the relationship. I'm passionate about collaborating with kids and their families to manage anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, or any other challenging life phases.
I specialize in working with youth of all ages, from elementary age to teenagers. I take a casual, fun and relatable approach to therapy that allows youth to feel more comfortable in what is-lets face it-a really awkward situation. I enjoy helping youth find their voice and bridge the gap between parent and child, improving communication and the quality of the relationship. I'm passionate about collaborating with kids and their families to manage anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, or any other challenging life phases.
(619) 568-2287 View (619) 568-2287
Photo of Cynthia Valentine, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Cynthia Valentine
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92104  (Online Only)
Does your brain have 100 tabs open? Are you feeling chained to your emotions? You need real expertise and real life, practical support. Taking care of your basic needs doesn't have to be a constant struggle. You don’t have to live with inconsistent results anymore. If you're looking for deeper meaning in your life, less overwhelm and more self-compassion, I can help. Learning how to develop calm, constructive confidence is not out of reach and therapy can give you the skills you need to live a life you're truly proud of.
Does your brain have 100 tabs open? Are you feeling chained to your emotions? You need real expertise and real life, practical support. Taking care of your basic needs doesn't have to be a constant struggle. You don’t have to live with inconsistent results anymore. If you're looking for deeper meaning in your life, less overwhelm and more self-compassion, I can help. Learning how to develop calm, constructive confidence is not out of reach and therapy can give you the skills you need to live a life you're truly proud of.
(619) 598-1539 View (619) 598-1539
Photo of Jessica Hughes, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Jessica Hughes
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
Are you feeling disconnected from your partner, struggling to communicate, or having relationship difficulties? Do you want to build better intimacy and emotional closeness in your relationship with your romantic partner? If you are looking to reconnect with your partner, strengthen your bond and intimacy, learn ways to manage conflict better, and enjoy the benefits of a healthy and lasting intimate relationship, then I may be the ideal fit for you! I can teach you evidence-based skills to communicate better and strengthen your relationship.
Are you feeling disconnected from your partner, struggling to communicate, or having relationship difficulties? Do you want to build better intimacy and emotional closeness in your relationship with your romantic partner? If you are looking to reconnect with your partner, strengthen your bond and intimacy, learn ways to manage conflict better, and enjoy the benefits of a healthy and lasting intimate relationship, then I may be the ideal fit for you! I can teach you evidence-based skills to communicate better and strengthen your relationship.
(619) 279-5699 View (619) 279-5699
Photo of Zoe Shpiner, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Diego, CA
Zoe Shpiner
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92101  (Online Only)
Do you sometimes feel ruled by your past? Like there’s a story you've been telling yourself that doesn’t quite fit anymore, but is tough to deprogram. Perhaps you've begun exploring your own identity/ies in various ways, differentiating from your family’s expectations, and asking yourself the big question “Who am I?” and could really use a guide and witness to help make space for your evolution (renaissance). It is normal to feel stuck and not have a clue about how to move forward. Change in life is really hard, and you do not need to go through it alone.
Do you sometimes feel ruled by your past? Like there’s a story you've been telling yourself that doesn’t quite fit anymore, but is tough to deprogram. Perhaps you've begun exploring your own identity/ies in various ways, differentiating from your family’s expectations, and asking yourself the big question “Who am I?” and could really use a guide and witness to help make space for your evolution (renaissance). It is normal to feel stuck and not have a clue about how to move forward. Change in life is really hard, and you do not need to go through it alone.
(619) 404-5871 View (619) 404-5871
Photo of Madison Omholt, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Madison Omholt
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, SEP
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92106
As a therapist/teacher I ask that my clients be willing to grow. Growth can look many ways, but always involves practice. The people who take what they learn in sesh, practice it with insight, vulnerality, openness, and some diligence, they get the brilliance, sometimes very trying, and grace of somatic and relational transformation.
As a therapist/teacher I ask that my clients be willing to grow. Growth can look many ways, but always involves practice. The people who take what they learn in sesh, practice it with insight, vulnerality, openness, and some diligence, they get the brilliance, sometimes very trying, and grace of somatic and relational transformation.
(619) 273-5062 View (619) 273-5062
Photo of Gregory E. Koch, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Gregory E. Koch
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
My goal is for you to feel seen, heard, and valued. Believing deeply in the power of positive human connection, we can learn the most about ourselves in the context of meaningful relationships. Conflict in romantic relationships is an opportunity for profound and powerful growth, learning, and healing. I welcome clients of all genders, sexualities, and relationship diversity. Using Imago Relationship Therapy, couples learn invaluable tools and techniques to enhance closeness in relationships and teach partners how to resolve conflicts while maintaining a deep sense of connection.
My goal is for you to feel seen, heard, and valued. Believing deeply in the power of positive human connection, we can learn the most about ourselves in the context of meaningful relationships. Conflict in romantic relationships is an opportunity for profound and powerful growth, learning, and healing. I welcome clients of all genders, sexualities, and relationship diversity. Using Imago Relationship Therapy, couples learn invaluable tools and techniques to enhance closeness in relationships and teach partners how to resolve conflicts while maintaining a deep sense of connection.
(858) 428-2962 View (858) 428-2962
Photo of Vanessa Jiroutek, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Vanessa Jiroutek
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92154
If you are looking for a therapist and need support, sometimes it can be difficult to choose or a discouraging process to find the right therapist to connect with. Imagine a place where you can be yourself. work towards personal goals and growth, free of judgment, with an objective professional. I work with a wide range of clients who are dealing with various issues including depression, mood disorders, OCD, ADHD, acute stress, trauma, anxiety, addictive behaviors, LGBT issues, codependency, grief and loss, life transitions, and marital issues, such as infidelity and strengthening communication skills.
If you are looking for a therapist and need support, sometimes it can be difficult to choose or a discouraging process to find the right therapist to connect with. Imagine a place where you can be yourself. work towards personal goals and growth, free of judgment, with an objective professional. I work with a wide range of clients who are dealing with various issues including depression, mood disorders, OCD, ADHD, acute stress, trauma, anxiety, addictive behaviors, LGBT issues, codependency, grief and loss, life transitions, and marital issues, such as infidelity and strengthening communication skills.
(858) 290-7118 View (858) 290-7118
Photo of Benjamin Ballou, Counselor in San Diego, CA
Benjamin Ballou
Counselor, LPCC, LAADC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92109  (Online Only)
It may feel like many people in your life have an agenda. Whether that’s related to what you do, how you dress, how you act, the relationships you choose- it is easy to feel judged in our lives by the people that surround us. It may be difficult to seek support from a therapist when this has been your experience. I’m here to show you that my only agenda is supporting you in your journey to reach your goals. Through a nonjudgmental and empathic approach, I will offer you guidance and perspective in how you see your life moving forward. I utilize a holistic perspective, engaging in the therapeutic relationship to help you reach goals.
It may feel like many people in your life have an agenda. Whether that’s related to what you do, how you dress, how you act, the relationships you choose- it is easy to feel judged in our lives by the people that surround us. It may be difficult to seek support from a therapist when this has been your experience. I’m here to show you that my only agenda is supporting you in your journey to reach your goals. Through a nonjudgmental and empathic approach, I will offer you guidance and perspective in how you see your life moving forward. I utilize a holistic perspective, engaging in the therapeutic relationship to help you reach goals.
(619) 567-1340 View (619) 567-1340

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Diego, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
71% Self Esteem
66% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Diego, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.