Therapists in Oakland, CA

View neighborhoods in Oakland
Photo of Bedford Palmer, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Bedford Palmer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
16 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I work with a diverse clientele and specialize in providing social justice oriented psychotherapy to Black people and other POC, as well as members of LGBTQIA+ communities. I provide culturally responsive therapy, which focuses on the strengths you already have. I tend to use a cognitive-behavioral theoretical approach (CBT), while also paying attention to your environment and access to social support. I work with you to build a safe space where you can share your experiences without the fear of being judged, and where you can focus on becoming clear about what you want, and how you want to go about making that happen.
I work with a diverse clientele and specialize in providing social justice oriented psychotherapy to Black people and other POC, as well as members of LGBTQIA+ communities. I provide culturally responsive therapy, which focuses on the strengths you already have. I tend to use a cognitive-behavioral theoretical approach (CBT), while also paying attention to your environment and access to social support. I work with you to build a safe space where you can share your experiences without the fear of being judged, and where you can focus on becoming clear about what you want, and how you want to go about making that happen.
(510) 298-3362 View (510) 298-3362
Photo of Laurel Salmon, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Laurel Salmon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Experiencing anxiety, depression, and trauma can be hard to navigate on one’s own. Through the use of integrative modalities, my goal is to help you find your way so that you can manage symptoms, feel your best, discover who you truly are, and move forward in the direction of your dreams whereby your past no longer holds you back. Using warmth and compassion, I also aim to provide trauma-informed care to discuss your struggles without judgment and safely process unresolved trauma and feelings.
Experiencing anxiety, depression, and trauma can be hard to navigate on one’s own. Through the use of integrative modalities, my goal is to help you find your way so that you can manage symptoms, feel your best, discover who you truly are, and move forward in the direction of your dreams whereby your past no longer holds you back. Using warmth and compassion, I also aim to provide trauma-informed care to discuss your struggles without judgment and safely process unresolved trauma and feelings.
(415) 223-8845 View (415) 223-8845
Photo of LaViza Fuentes, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
LaViza Fuentes
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
I hold therapy as a sacred space, and I wholeheartedly believe that you have within you all of the resources and wisdom needed to guide your journey toward healing. My role is to make room for your inner wisdom to shine through and lead the way. We will collaborate and creatively explore what can be brought into our work. I integrate a liberation lens in my approach and utilize tools such as mindfulness, somatic awareness and experiencing, narrative therapy, dreamwork and ritual. I also honor the significance of reclaiming the practices and healing modalities that have served your ancestors, I welcome those here.
I hold therapy as a sacred space, and I wholeheartedly believe that you have within you all of the resources and wisdom needed to guide your journey toward healing. My role is to make room for your inner wisdom to shine through and lead the way. We will collaborate and creatively explore what can be brought into our work. I integrate a liberation lens in my approach and utilize tools such as mindfulness, somatic awareness and experiencing, narrative therapy, dreamwork and ritual. I also honor the significance of reclaiming the practices and healing modalities that have served your ancestors, I welcome those here.
(510) 439-9801 View (510) 439-9801
Photo of Cari Kaufman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Cari Kaufman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
My focus is on helping people to break free from painful, unwanted patterns in their lives, and to find greater confidence, connection, and joy. Couples work is a primary focus of my practice, and I work with couples at all stages of relationship. I help partners interrupt destructive fights, build effective communication skills, and create greater intimacy.
My focus is on helping people to break free from painful, unwanted patterns in their lives, and to find greater confidence, connection, and joy. Couples work is a primary focus of my practice, and I work with couples at all stages of relationship. I help partners interrupt destructive fights, build effective communication skills, and create greater intimacy.
(510) 201-5162 View (510) 201-5162
Photo of Danielle Sachs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Danielle Sachs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
Sometimes life feels overwhelming! Are you going through a loss or life transition?Are you a parent trying to support your child/teen as they face their own challenges? Are you trying to make sense of life experiences and how they have impacted you? Are you wanting to figure out what it is you need to feel more fulfilled and create change? Sometimes we need a safe space that empowers and encourages us to explore what works and doesn’t work as we navigate daily life. Friends and family aren’t always able to provide this- but finding someone we feel comfortable opening up to can also seem overwhelming.
Sometimes life feels overwhelming! Are you going through a loss or life transition?Are you a parent trying to support your child/teen as they face their own challenges? Are you trying to make sense of life experiences and how they have impacted you? Are you wanting to figure out what it is you need to feel more fulfilled and create change? Sometimes we need a safe space that empowers and encourages us to explore what works and doesn’t work as we navigate daily life. Friends and family aren’t always able to provide this- but finding someone we feel comfortable opening up to can also seem overwhelming.
(510) 901-4207 View (510) 901-4207
Photo of Harjindar Lally, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Harjindar Lally
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
I am offering in person and telehealth appointments for individuals and couples. My practice focuses on the experiences of people of color, adult children of immigrants, young adults ages 18-25 and people working in social justice, helping and healing professions (including healthcare workers, teachers, social workers and therapists). I support individuals and couples who are seeking relief from symptoms of anxiety, depression, race based stress, trauma, generational trauma, grief, burnout and vicarious trauma.
I am offering in person and telehealth appointments for individuals and couples. My practice focuses on the experiences of people of color, adult children of immigrants, young adults ages 18-25 and people working in social justice, helping and healing professions (including healthcare workers, teachers, social workers and therapists). I support individuals and couples who are seeking relief from symptoms of anxiety, depression, race based stress, trauma, generational trauma, grief, burnout and vicarious trauma.
(415) 649-4219 View (415) 649-4219
Photo of Barb McClung, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Barb McClung
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606
Dear potential Client, Congratulations on making it this far! Choosing therapy is difficult and even more is taking steps to actually meet with a therapist. I have made this journey myself and found lots of reasons to procrastinate making "the call". If you choose to move forward and contact me, I am happy to consult with you about what you're looking for and how I can support you.
Dear potential Client, Congratulations on making it this far! Choosing therapy is difficult and even more is taking steps to actually meet with a therapist. I have made this journey myself and found lots of reasons to procrastinate making "the call". If you choose to move forward and contact me, I am happy to consult with you about what you're looking for and how I can support you.
View
Photo of Bayla Travis, Psy.D. - Pain Management Specialist, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Bayla Travis, Psy.D. - Pain Management Specialist
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
I work with individuals who have achieved success in many areas of their lives, yet struggle with chronic health issues that cause great levels of stress. For over a decade, I have helped people who have health challenges like headaches, back and neck pain, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s Disease. Often, these uncomfortable physical sensations lead to anxiety. And then the anxiety leads to an increase in physical symptoms. Which then leads to even greater levels of anxiety. I can help you interrupt this cycle, leading to you enjoying increased quality of life both personally and professionally.
I work with individuals who have achieved success in many areas of their lives, yet struggle with chronic health issues that cause great levels of stress. For over a decade, I have helped people who have health challenges like headaches, back and neck pain, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s Disease. Often, these uncomfortable physical sensations lead to anxiety. And then the anxiety leads to an increase in physical symptoms. Which then leads to even greater levels of anxiety. I can help you interrupt this cycle, leading to you enjoying increased quality of life both personally and professionally.
(510) 681-0018 View (510) 681-0018
Photo of Jillian Settle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jillian Settle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Hi there! Welcome. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience supporting adults, children, and families. At this time, I work with adults in 1:1 therapy sessions with the primary goal of creating a safe and supportive environment for you to process challenging feelings and thoughts as well as explore issues related to life transitions, anxiety, trauma, relationship difficulties, and more. These are trying times, and I applaud your courage in taking the first step!
Hi there! Welcome. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience supporting adults, children, and families. At this time, I work with adults in 1:1 therapy sessions with the primary goal of creating a safe and supportive environment for you to process challenging feelings and thoughts as well as explore issues related to life transitions, anxiety, trauma, relationship difficulties, and more. These are trying times, and I applaud your courage in taking the first step!
(510) 405-3898 View (510) 405-3898
Photo of Jiyoung Kim, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Oakland, CA
Jiyoung Kim
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Do you find difficulties with feelings of depression, anxiety, relationship/family problems, and trauma? These emotional disruptions can have a significant impact on our lives. Coping with these events requires various approaches, and I can assist you in recognizing your emotions and identifying possible patterns in your relationships. I can also help you develop resilience and acceptance towards challenging emotions, and support you in setting meaningful goals. I utilize EMDR, CBT, trauma-informed care, mindfulness, & person-centered therapy to reduce anxiety and trauma symptoms, foster resilience, and enhance the quality of life.
Do you find difficulties with feelings of depression, anxiety, relationship/family problems, and trauma? These emotional disruptions can have a significant impact on our lives. Coping with these events requires various approaches, and I can assist you in recognizing your emotions and identifying possible patterns in your relationships. I can also help you develop resilience and acceptance towards challenging emotions, and support you in setting meaningful goals. I utilize EMDR, CBT, trauma-informed care, mindfulness, & person-centered therapy to reduce anxiety and trauma symptoms, foster resilience, and enhance the quality of life.
(415) 692-3469 View (415) 692-3469
Photo of Lytara Garcia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lytara Garcia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Hi there, my name is Lytara Garcia and I am an LCSW in California via telehealth. I have experience in working with various age groups including children as young as 4 years to adults as young as 80 years old and older. I have various training in cognitive behavioral therapy (challenging negative thoughts, understanding your emotions and behaviors), Solution Focused Therapy (goal focus), harm reduction, and mindfulness working with adults 25+. I've worked with adults transitioning back into the civilian world after incarceration (so trauma and life-skills informed).
Hi there, my name is Lytara Garcia and I am an LCSW in California via telehealth. I have experience in working with various age groups including children as young as 4 years to adults as young as 80 years old and older. I have various training in cognitive behavioral therapy (challenging negative thoughts, understanding your emotions and behaviors), Solution Focused Therapy (goal focus), harm reduction, and mindfulness working with adults 25+. I've worked with adults transitioning back into the civilian world after incarceration (so trauma and life-skills informed).
(510) 662-1062 View (510) 662-1062
Photo of Danila Musante, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Danila Musante
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
I provide compassionate, thoughtful treatment which helps clients to achieve meaningful change. My approach is tailored to each individual's needs and comfort to support the process of healing and growth. I attend to many aspects of identity and circumstance and work with clients to co-create an understanding of themselves and their difficulties.
I provide compassionate, thoughtful treatment which helps clients to achieve meaningful change. My approach is tailored to each individual's needs and comfort to support the process of healing and growth. I attend to many aspects of identity and circumstance and work with clients to co-create an understanding of themselves and their difficulties.
(510) 962-8087 View (510) 962-8087
Photo of Richard S Barth, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Richard S Barth
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
My goal is to help you sleep and feel better soon. Treatment for insomnia can help improve your mood, your quality of life, and your sense of well-being. I use CBT-I, the "gold standard" for insomnia treatment, to insure that you get the best care available. Most of my patients see significant improvements in their sleep quality within four to five sessions of beginning treatment. If you suffer from insomnia, and would like to decrease or stop your use of sleeping pills, I can help you find effective, drug-free relief.
My goal is to help you sleep and feel better soon. Treatment for insomnia can help improve your mood, your quality of life, and your sense of well-being. I use CBT-I, the "gold standard" for insomnia treatment, to insure that you get the best care available. Most of my patients see significant improvements in their sleep quality within four to five sessions of beginning treatment. If you suffer from insomnia, and would like to decrease or stop your use of sleeping pills, I can help you find effective, drug-free relief.
(510) 817-0429 View (510) 817-0429
Photo of Brian Lopez, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Brian Lopez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94606  (Online Only)
Imagine logging into our secure video appointment in the comfort of your own home. We collaborate on what you hope to get out of therapy. You open up about what has made that difficult to achieve on your own. I listen and validate your struggles. We collaborate on small goals to get you closer each week. You start to feel better. When your goals are achieved, you graduate from therapy.
Imagine logging into our secure video appointment in the comfort of your own home. We collaborate on what you hope to get out of therapy. You open up about what has made that difficult to achieve on your own. I listen and validate your struggles. We collaborate on small goals to get you closer each week. You start to feel better. When your goals are achieved, you graduate from therapy.
(415) 429-3811 View (415) 429-3811
Photo of Vast Love, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Vast Love
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607
I offer therapy in CA and coaching internationally through an online format. My primary focus is supporting people with issues related to non-monogamy through a trauma informed lens. My practice is kink, queer, trans, monogamy, poly, open relationship, RA, neurodivergent, and quirk friendly. I’m passionate about sharing tools that can help others experience secure relationships in whatever structures feel like the best fit for the unique values, desires, and ways of being of the individuals involved. My ideal clients are simply people who want to show up as their most authentic & actualized selves.
I offer therapy in CA and coaching internationally through an online format. My primary focus is supporting people with issues related to non-monogamy through a trauma informed lens. My practice is kink, queer, trans, monogamy, poly, open relationship, RA, neurodivergent, and quirk friendly. I’m passionate about sharing tools that can help others experience secure relationships in whatever structures feel like the best fit for the unique values, desires, and ways of being of the individuals involved. My ideal clients are simply people who want to show up as their most authentic & actualized selves.
(510) 880-4195 View (510) 880-4195
Photo of Dolores Antolín Y Muñiz, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Dolores Antolín Y Muñiz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
My passion is working with clients from unique backgrounds and/or experiences who often contact me because they want to work on or through complex trauma, such as oppression based and/or inter-generational trauma. Modalities used addresses the concerns of those whose race, ethnicity, gender identification, income, disability/accessability, and other social factors which often go unrecognized/disavowed. Issues that arise for minority groups, such as oppression, racism, and marginalization, are relevant, recognized, validated, safely contained, and honored by me.
My passion is working with clients from unique backgrounds and/or experiences who often contact me because they want to work on or through complex trauma, such as oppression based and/or inter-generational trauma. Modalities used addresses the concerns of those whose race, ethnicity, gender identification, income, disability/accessability, and other social factors which often go unrecognized/disavowed. Issues that arise for minority groups, such as oppression, racism, and marginalization, are relevant, recognized, validated, safely contained, and honored by me.
(628) 203-9555 View (628) 203-9555
Photo of Mary Anderson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Mary Anderson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Thank you for viewing my profile. In my practice I work with older adolescents, emerging adults, and adults. My therapeutic style is solution focused, collaborative and strength based- utilizing various therapeutic styles including attachment therapy, feminist, and CBT. I use the strengths of my clients to focus on solutions while investigating what's at the core of the problem, the pain, and the discomfort.
Thank you for viewing my profile. In my practice I work with older adolescents, emerging adults, and adults. My therapeutic style is solution focused, collaborative and strength based- utilizing various therapeutic styles including attachment therapy, feminist, and CBT. I use the strengths of my clients to focus on solutions while investigating what's at the core of the problem, the pain, and the discomfort.
(415) 873-9644 View (415) 873-9644
Photo of Shelley M Samuels, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Oakland, CA
Shelley M Samuels
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
Therapy is neither magic nor science, but I believe that therapy has the potential to be magical and transformative. I offer a warm, supportive environment to help individuals explore deep trauma as well as ordinary issues that impact daily life and long-term goals. I strive to inspire creativity through nature, and incorporate creative arts into my practice. My specialties: LGBTQQ issues/identity, working through grief/loss, helping with political wounding, healing survivors of domestic violence/sexual assault, positive aging, body image, building long-term relationships, and life transitions. A veteran career counselor, I've over 7 years of experience providing career counseling and coaching.
Therapy is neither magic nor science, but I believe that therapy has the potential to be magical and transformative. I offer a warm, supportive environment to help individuals explore deep trauma as well as ordinary issues that impact daily life and long-term goals. I strive to inspire creativity through nature, and incorporate creative arts into my practice. My specialties: LGBTQQ issues/identity, working through grief/loss, helping with political wounding, healing survivors of domestic violence/sexual assault, positive aging, body image, building long-term relationships, and life transitions. A veteran career counselor, I've over 7 years of experience providing career counseling and coaching.
(510) 974-7425 View (510) 974-7425
Photo of Ruth Lieu, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Ruth Lieu
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Welcome! I work with adult clients looking for help and support with a range of challenges. My specializations are in depression, anxiety and critical life transitions. I also provide career coaching. I have a background in clinical psychology and business and commonly work with individuals who are seeking help with struggles they experience emotionally and personally that keep them from reaching their full potential in their careers. My goal is to help clients feel better and healthier so that they can enjoy a life engaged in activities that are meaningful to them and connected to people that fulfill them.
Welcome! I work with adult clients looking for help and support with a range of challenges. My specializations are in depression, anxiety and critical life transitions. I also provide career coaching. I have a background in clinical psychology and business and commonly work with individuals who are seeking help with struggles they experience emotionally and personally that keep them from reaching their full potential in their careers. My goal is to help clients feel better and healthier so that they can enjoy a life engaged in activities that are meaningful to them and connected to people that fulfill them.
(415) 969-2210 View (415) 969-2210
Photo of Stefanie Schlief, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Stefanie Schlief
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
I am an associate Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in sex therapy, harm reduction, trauma-informed care, PTSD, and LGBTQIA+ issues. I am currently accepting both couples and individuals at my practice. My work is non-judgmental, client focused, sex positive, open to those practicing ethical non-monogamy and polyamory, kink-positive, and welcomes humans of all shapes, sizes, colors, and backgrounds. I love to help people navigate through their relationships, both casual and serious, and offer support and care in making tough changes or realizations. Together we can explore shame, identity, and what scares or challenges us.
I am an associate Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in sex therapy, harm reduction, trauma-informed care, PTSD, and LGBTQIA+ issues. I am currently accepting both couples and individuals at my practice. My work is non-judgmental, client focused, sex positive, open to those practicing ethical non-monogamy and polyamory, kink-positive, and welcomes humans of all shapes, sizes, colors, and backgrounds. I love to help people navigate through their relationships, both casual and serious, and offer support and care in making tough changes or realizations. Together we can explore shame, identity, and what scares or challenges us.
(510) 288-6085 View (510) 288-6085

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.