Therapists in Edmonds, WA

Photo of Janelle Jensen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Janelle Jensen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Janelle Jensen and I work as a therapist and consultant in the Seattle area. My background includes Social Work and Marriage and Family Therapy, with work experience in adult mental health, aging, memory loss and family caregiver support. If you are an individual or family living with or caring for someone living with dementia or a related condition, I will work with you to provide dementia education, plan for current and future care needs, and offer emotional support to process changing relationships, grief/loss, and stressors related to family caregiving.
Hello! My name is Janelle Jensen and I work as a therapist and consultant in the Seattle area. My background includes Social Work and Marriage and Family Therapy, with work experience in adult mental health, aging, memory loss and family caregiver support. If you are an individual or family living with or caring for someone living with dementia or a related condition, I will work with you to provide dementia education, plan for current and future care needs, and offer emotional support to process changing relationships, grief/loss, and stressors related to family caregiving.
(206) 659-5846 View (206) 659-5846
Photo of Claire Hargett in Edmonds, WA
Claire Hargett
MSPsy, BCBA, LBA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
Waitlist for new clients
As Licensed Behavior Analyst, I founded ASBI to support our neurodivergent communities by making ABA with a trauma-informed approach, more accessible and individualized. I lead with the assumption that each client I work with has had trauma that may have inhibited their emotional growth, skill development, and the ability to set boundaries, or form trusting relationships. Compassionate care is an essential component of my practice, where trust is built and skills are practiced in a safe space, both physically and emotionally.
As Licensed Behavior Analyst, I founded ASBI to support our neurodivergent communities by making ABA with a trauma-informed approach, more accessible and individualized. I lead with the assumption that each client I work with has had trauma that may have inhibited their emotional growth, skill development, and the ability to set boundaries, or form trusting relationships. Compassionate care is an essential component of my practice, where trust is built and skills are practiced in a safe space, both physically and emotionally.
(425) 537-6830 View (425) 537-6830
Photo of Chris Jerome, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Chris Jerome
Counselor
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
The reality is that there is nothing wrong with you. You have everything in you that is necessary to live an inspired life and have the kinds of relationships you want. On the way to becoming who you are, however, you very likely adopted certain beliefs that are keeping you "stuck;" these beliefs are typically taken on unconsciously and, while they were almost certainly adopted for very good reasons at the time, they become outmoded and keep us reacting in ways that bring us tension and suffering.
The reality is that there is nothing wrong with you. You have everything in you that is necessary to live an inspired life and have the kinds of relationships you want. On the way to becoming who you are, however, you very likely adopted certain beliefs that are keeping you "stuck;" these beliefs are typically taken on unconsciously and, while they were almost certainly adopted for very good reasons at the time, they become outmoded and keep us reacting in ways that bring us tension and suffering.
(425) 222-2793 View (425) 222-2793
Photo of Balanced Living Therapy, LLC, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Balanced Living Therapy, LLC
Counselor, MS, LMHC, SUDP, CCS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026
My name is Maggie (Gigi) Ishaq. I am the owner and one of the many therapists here at Balanced Living Therapy. We are a Behavioral Health Agency offering Co-Occurring Services; Mental Health & Substance Use Counseling. We recognize that finding a therapist is a very personal and individual choice. Please visit our website to learn more about us. We are happy to help you find the best fit! Each therapist will offer compassion, understanding, and empathy. We are respectful and non-judgmental. We believe that each person has core value as a human being. Our Interns offer a reduced out of pocket rate or accept our Medicaid plans.
My name is Maggie (Gigi) Ishaq. I am the owner and one of the many therapists here at Balanced Living Therapy. We are a Behavioral Health Agency offering Co-Occurring Services; Mental Health & Substance Use Counseling. We recognize that finding a therapist is a very personal and individual choice. Please visit our website to learn more about us. We are happy to help you find the best fit! Each therapist will offer compassion, understanding, and empathy. We are respectful and non-judgmental. We believe that each person has core value as a human being. Our Interns offer a reduced out of pocket rate or accept our Medicaid plans.
(425) 284-9536 View (425) 284-9536
Photo of Ashley Ellis, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Ashley Ellis
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
Ashley Ellis is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Washington who has been practicing since 2019. She has a Bachelor’s from Auburn University, majoring in Psychology, Minoring in Sport Coaching and a Master’s in Mental Health Counseling from Indiana University. Ashley builds a strong therapeutic relationship in a non-judgmental, supportive, and warm space in which clients feel comfortable. She helps clients become comfortable with the uncomfortable as they navigate stressful transitions and/or triggers.
Ashley Ellis is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Washington who has been practicing since 2019. She has a Bachelor’s from Auburn University, majoring in Psychology, Minoring in Sport Coaching and a Master’s in Mental Health Counseling from Indiana University. Ashley builds a strong therapeutic relationship in a non-judgmental, supportive, and warm space in which clients feel comfortable. She helps clients become comfortable with the uncomfortable as they navigate stressful transitions and/or triggers.
(425) 406-4292 View (425) 406-4292
Photo of A Life More Beautiful Counseling & Psychotherapy , Counselor in Edmonds, WA
A Life More Beautiful Counseling & Psychotherapy
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
Research shows that clients have therapeutic success with multiple approaches and theories. My approach integrates different therapeutic styles and techniques. I specialize in Sexual Addiction, EMDR, and spiritual and person-centered therapies. I will help you understand yourself better so you may have more fulfilling relationships, communicate better, build true intimacy and restore trust. I will provide a safe and sacred place for you in which to explore your needs, frustrations, fears and as importantly your joys and successes! I am now located overseas and am currently available by telehealth and by email, but not by phone.
Research shows that clients have therapeutic success with multiple approaches and theories. My approach integrates different therapeutic styles and techniques. I specialize in Sexual Addiction, EMDR, and spiritual and person-centered therapies. I will help you understand yourself better so you may have more fulfilling relationships, communicate better, build true intimacy and restore trust. I will provide a safe and sacred place for you in which to explore your needs, frustrations, fears and as importantly your joys and successes! I am now located overseas and am currently available by telehealth and by email, but not by phone.
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Photo of Cynthia Piepenbrok, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Cynthia Piepenbrok
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CCTP, CTMH
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Many of us, at one time or another, experience a feeling of being overwhelmed by life. There are even phases when everything seems to be going wrong. Anxiety and depression are common responses to the difficulties of life. If you are on here searching for help you are most likely at a point in your life where things feel out of balance.
Many of us, at one time or another, experience a feeling of being overwhelmed by life. There are even phases when everything seems to be going wrong. Anxiety and depression are common responses to the difficulties of life. If you are on here searching for help you are most likely at a point in your life where things feel out of balance.
(425) 310-4582 View (425) 310-4582
Photo of Nora Weiser, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Nora Weiser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98020  (Online Only)
Trauma may increase physical, mental, and emotional distress, leading to symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and more. In my practice, I work to reduce distress to improve these symptoms by helping you find your inner strength and learn how to cope. I have experience and training helping individuals through trauma, anxiety, depression, PTSD, eating disorders, and more, utilizing a trauma-informed, strengths-based approach. I am also experienced working with survivors of sexual and domestic violence.
Trauma may increase physical, mental, and emotional distress, leading to symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and more. In my practice, I work to reduce distress to improve these symptoms by helping you find your inner strength and learn how to cope. I have experience and training helping individuals through trauma, anxiety, depression, PTSD, eating disorders, and more, utilizing a trauma-informed, strengths-based approach. I am also experienced working with survivors of sexual and domestic violence.
(425) 952-9146 View (425) 952-9146
Photo of Bluestone Psychological Services, LLC, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Bluestone Psychological Services, LLC
Counselor, PsyD, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026
Find us at: www.BluestonePS.com. At Bluestone you have access to a group of independent, private practitioners who offer a wide variety of services so you can get the type of help you need in one location. Each of us has many years of experience and advanced training within our specialty areas so you know you or your loved one are working with someone who is highly skilled and can help facilitate reaching your goals.
Find us at: www.BluestonePS.com. At Bluestone you have access to a group of independent, private practitioners who offer a wide variety of services so you can get the type of help you need in one location. Each of us has many years of experience and advanced training within our specialty areas so you know you or your loved one are working with someone who is highly skilled and can help facilitate reaching your goals.
(425) 385-0106 View (425) 385-0106
Photo of Jessica Lewis, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Jessica Lewis
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98026
Waitlist for new clients
You may be in a space and time in your life where you are ready to begin therapy for the first time or maybe you are moving toward it again. Whatever the case may be, you are brave to be caring for yourself by searching for support in this capacity. Collaboratively in therapy we will begin to create a window into seeing the narrative of your story. Navigating your own personal story is a way to begin to transition toward the life you desire and long for.
You may be in a space and time in your life where you are ready to begin therapy for the first time or maybe you are moving toward it again. Whatever the case may be, you are brave to be caring for yourself by searching for support in this capacity. Collaboratively in therapy we will begin to create a window into seeing the narrative of your story. Navigating your own personal story is a way to begin to transition toward the life you desire and long for.
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Photo of Randie A Clark, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Randie A Clark
Counselor, MA, LMHC, PLLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with 22 years experience working in partnership with adults, and couples. I have extensive experience working with grief & loss, trauma/PTSD, complicated grief, traumatic loss (homicide, suicide, accident), bereaved parents, childhood abuse, women's sexual/domestic abuse issues, anxiety, depression, life transitions and workplace stress injury. Further information is available at randieclark.com.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with 22 years experience working in partnership with adults, and couples. I have extensive experience working with grief & loss, trauma/PTSD, complicated grief, traumatic loss (homicide, suicide, accident), bereaved parents, childhood abuse, women's sexual/domestic abuse issues, anxiety, depression, life transitions and workplace stress injury. Further information is available at randieclark.com.
(206) 866-2393 View (206) 866-2393
Photo of Kailyn Haberman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Kailyn Haberman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98020
I have experience and training helping individuals through eating disorders, trauma & PTSD, depression, and anxiety, as well as experience working with a wide range of psychological concerns, including self-esteem issues, self-harm behaviors, body dysmorphia, perfectionism, and life transitions.
I have experience and training helping individuals through eating disorders, trauma & PTSD, depression, and anxiety, as well as experience working with a wide range of psychological concerns, including self-esteem issues, self-harm behaviors, body dysmorphia, perfectionism, and life transitions.
(425) 517-3019 View (425) 517-3019
Photo of Dr. Alana Jackson, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Dr. Alana Jackson
Counselor, PsyD, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
Are you tired of being on Life's Merry Go-Round? I can help you feel alive again! I believe that each of us is always one decision away from a totally different life. Change is difficult and stressful. Some of us fight it, some of us try avoiding it, and some of us lean into it. Change is the one thing that is certain in life. I am here to help with all the feelings and stresses that are associated with changes of every kind. I approach therapy from an individualist, holistic, and integrative lens. I believe personal health is impacted by emotional, mental, spiritual, and physical factors which affect personal health and well-being.
Are you tired of being on Life's Merry Go-Round? I can help you feel alive again! I believe that each of us is always one decision away from a totally different life. Change is difficult and stressful. Some of us fight it, some of us try avoiding it, and some of us lean into it. Change is the one thing that is certain in life. I am here to help with all the feelings and stresses that are associated with changes of every kind. I approach therapy from an individualist, holistic, and integrative lens. I believe personal health is impacted by emotional, mental, spiritual, and physical factors which affect personal health and well-being.
(425) 584-5583 View (425) 584-5583
Photo of Sheryl Copeland, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Sheryl Copeland
Counselor, MA Ed, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
I have been practicing as a mental health counselor for nearly 20 years, serving as a mental health counselor, counseling center director, and teaching college-level human development courses. I have also served as a domestic violence advocate and instructor within the Department of Corrections. I have expertise in not only addressing mental health concerns, such as depression, anxiety, relationship dynamics, parenting, and managing stress, but also helping people with college and career success, career exploration, and decision making, whether it's the beginning of your career or your next career opportunity.
I have been practicing as a mental health counselor for nearly 20 years, serving as a mental health counselor, counseling center director, and teaching college-level human development courses. I have also served as a domestic violence advocate and instructor within the Department of Corrections. I have expertise in not only addressing mental health concerns, such as depression, anxiety, relationship dynamics, parenting, and managing stress, but also helping people with college and career success, career exploration, and decision making, whether it's the beginning of your career or your next career opportunity.
(425) 428-4271 View (425) 428-4271
Photo of Jasmine Gao, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Jasmine Gao
Counselor, MDiv, MSEd, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98026  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Jasmine is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate, supervised by Barry Levit. Over the past 10 years, Jasmine has worked as a mental health counselor in many different settings including public and private schools, a community counseling center, church, and private practice. She provides services to individuals (ages 10 and up), couples, and families.
Jasmine is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate, supervised by Barry Levit. Over the past 10 years, Jasmine has worked as a mental health counselor in many different settings including public and private schools, a community counseling center, church, and private practice. She provides services to individuals (ages 10 and up), couples, and families.
(425) 470-6946 View (425) 470-6946
Photo of Nolan Giesbers, Marriage & Family Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Nolan Giesbers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
A large part of why I have chosen to be a counselor is to simply help those in need. Many people come to therapy wanting relief from life’s challenges, answers to hard questions, or simply to be seen by and connected to another. My hope is that by choosing to engage in therapy, you will be able to experience all the goodness that comes from being respected, valued, and cared for in a truly meaningful way.
A large part of why I have chosen to be a counselor is to simply help those in need. Many people come to therapy wanting relief from life’s challenges, answers to hard questions, or simply to be seen by and connected to another. My hope is that by choosing to engage in therapy, you will be able to experience all the goodness that comes from being respected, valued, and cared for in a truly meaningful way.
(425) 212-1364 x204 View (425) 212-1364 x204
Photo of Erin U McKinney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Erin U McKinney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CMHS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
Not accepting new clients
My passion is in working with children, adolescents and families on issues including emotional challenges, trauma, life transitions, parenting concerns and mood disorders. I also provide therapeutic support to adults experiencing a wide range of mental health issues including depression, anxiety, grief and loss, and trauma. I see my role as a therapist to guide clients to grow through creating an atmosphere of empathy and attentiveness in a safe and confidential environment. I utilize a variety of therapeutic techniques to meet clients where they are, including motivational interviewing, collaborative problem solving, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness therapy.
My passion is in working with children, adolescents and families on issues including emotional challenges, trauma, life transitions, parenting concerns and mood disorders. I also provide therapeutic support to adults experiencing a wide range of mental health issues including depression, anxiety, grief and loss, and trauma. I see my role as a therapist to guide clients to grow through creating an atmosphere of empathy and attentiveness in a safe and confidential environment. I utilize a variety of therapeutic techniques to meet clients where they are, including motivational interviewing, collaborative problem solving, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness therapy.
(206) 347-8324 View (206) 347-8324
Photo of Colleen C. Holbrook, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Edmonds, WA
Colleen C. Holbrook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CMHS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
Are you feeling anxious, depressed or in a battle with your body? Do you have trouble identifying your needs, establishing boundaries or settling limits. Do you put everyone else first? Are you frustrated by the challenges of ADHD? Are you a parent confused by your child's behavior? Are you someone who has experienced abuse and neglect growing up? Have you been able to move past the pain of grief and loss? Are you feeling disrespected and overlooked in your life? My clients are able to open up about their lives, their secrets and struggles in a warm, safe environment free of judgement where there is trust and understanding.
Are you feeling anxious, depressed or in a battle with your body? Do you have trouble identifying your needs, establishing boundaries or settling limits. Do you put everyone else first? Are you frustrated by the challenges of ADHD? Are you a parent confused by your child's behavior? Are you someone who has experienced abuse and neglect growing up? Have you been able to move past the pain of grief and loss? Are you feeling disrespected and overlooked in your life? My clients are able to open up about their lives, their secrets and struggles in a warm, safe environment free of judgement where there is trust and understanding.
(206) 457-3540 View (206) 457-3540
Photo of Heritage Counseling Associates, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Heritage Counseling Associates
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Edmonds, WA 98020
As a psychotherapist and partner with Heritage Counseling Associates, I see clients in Edmonds, Kirkland and Snohomish WA. My undergraduate degree is from Bethel College in St Paul, MN and my graduate work was at Biola University in La Mirada, CA. I have been in practice for 35 years, I've served as Adjunct Professor of Counseling at Puget Sound Christian College, I've published 4 books and I love what I do every day. For more details you can visit my website - rogerhillerstrom.com.
As a psychotherapist and partner with Heritage Counseling Associates, I see clients in Edmonds, Kirkland and Snohomish WA. My undergraduate degree is from Bethel College in St Paul, MN and my graduate work was at Biola University in La Mirada, CA. I have been in practice for 35 years, I've served as Adjunct Professor of Counseling at Puget Sound Christian College, I've published 4 books and I love what I do every day. For more details you can visit my website - rogerhillerstrom.com.
(425) 954-2194 View (425) 954-2194
Photo of Elizabeth Vital-Gragnani, Counselor in Edmonds, WA
Elizabeth Vital-Gragnani
Counselor, MA, LMHC, RDT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Edmonds, WA 98020
I believe that the world is a beautifully complex, and yet sometimes concerning place. Within our human connections we are able to lighten the load and free ourselves from the burdens we carry. I offer compassionate and individually designed sessions. My approach is strengths based and garnered to find hope and inspiration. In my work I also incorporate theoretical perspectives such as expressive arts therapy, narrative therapy, existential therapy and mindfulness.
I believe that the world is a beautifully complex, and yet sometimes concerning place. Within our human connections we are able to lighten the load and free ourselves from the burdens we carry. I offer compassionate and individually designed sessions. My approach is strengths based and garnered to find hope and inspiration. In my work I also incorporate theoretical perspectives such as expressive arts therapy, narrative therapy, existential therapy and mindfulness.
(425) 357-7343 View (425) 357-7343

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Edmonds, WA

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Edmonds, WA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
67% Grief
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Premera
63% Regence
55% First Choice Health | FCH

How Therapists in Edmonds, WA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Edmonds?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.